1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In April 2025, new RMB loans were 28 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 45 billion yuan, and the credit balance growth rate dropped from 7.4% to 7.2%. New social financing scale was 1.16 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 1.22 trillion yuan, and the social financing stock growth rate rose from 8.4% to 8.7%. The year - on - year growth rate of M2 recovered from 7% to 8%, and the growth rate of M1 under the new caliber slightly decreased from 1.6% to 1.5%. There was an obvious overdraft effect due to the end - of - quarter credit rush, and the enterprise sector was a significant drag on credit growth. However, due to the central bank's "pre - rate cut", the market reaction was dull after the data release. With the support of the pre - issued government bonds, the social financing growth rate continued to rise. In terms of deposits, M1 was not weak, and the return of non - bank deposits supported the significant recovery of the M2 growth rate this month [1][10]. 3. Summary by Directory Non - bank Funds Flow Back to Banks, M2 Growth Rate Recovers - In the second quarter, when the financing pricing is relatively low, wealth management and other broad - based funds increase their allocation of deposits, driving the significant recovery of the M2 growth rate. In April, M2 decreased by 88.15 billion yuan, 2.7 trillion yuan less than the same period last year, driving the M2 growth rate up by nearly 1 percentage point. Non - bank time deposits were the main support, with a year - on - year increase of 1.9 trillion yuan [1][13]. - In April, it was a big month for the growth of wealth management scale. When the capital constraints were relaxed in the second quarter, non - bank institutions had abundant funds and the financing pricing was relatively low. Wealth management might choose to increase the allocation of certificates of deposit and time deposits [16]. - In the long run, official media continued to emphasize downplaying the focus on the growth rate of aggregate targets such as M2. The relationship between the money supply and economic growth is weakening, and the relationship between money and prices is also affected by multiple factors [2][21]. Credit: The Household Sector is Mediocre, and the Enterprise Sector is Obviously Overdrafted - In April, household short - term loans decreased by 40.19 billion yuan, 5.01 billion yuan more than the same period last year. The real estate transactions in April were weak, and the year - on - year growth rate of the commercial housing transaction area in 30 large and medium - sized cities weakened significantly compared with the previous month. New household medium - and long - term loans decreased by 12.31 billion yuan, close to the level of the same period last year and still in the negative range [3][22]. - After the end - of - quarter rush, the performance of enterprise medium - and long - term loans in April weakened significantly. New enterprise medium - and long - term loans in April were 25 billion yuan, 16 billion yuan less than the same period last year. The bill department still had a large - scale impulse, with new bill financing of 83.41 billion yuan in the month, which was seasonally high. Enterprise short - term loans were significantly weak, decreasing by 48 billion yuan in the month, 7 billion yuan less than the same period last year [3][26][27]. Social Financing: Government Bonds Remain the Main Support - The pre - issued government bonds were still the largest supporting item for social financing. In April, government bond issuance was fast, with new issuance of 97.62 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 1.07 trillion yuan, which was an important sub - item supporting the social financing growth rate. In May, the net financing of government bonds may be around 1.67 trillion yuan, still showing a significant year - on - year increase [4][35]. - The issuance of enterprise bonds rebounded, and off - balance - sheet bills were converted into on - balance - sheet ones. In April, the willingness to issue enterprise bonds rebounded, with new issuance of 23.4 billion yuan, at a seasonal level. Due to the tariff disturbance in April, the central level of bond yields declined, and the enterprise issuance willingness might have rebounded. Unaccepted bills decreased by 27.93 billion yuan in April, at a seasonal low level, and off - balance - sheet bills accelerated the conversion into on - balance - sheet ones at the beginning of the quarter [4][37]. Deposits: M1 is Seasonally Low, Non - bank Deposits Increase Significantly - The month - on - month change of M1 was close to that of the same period last year, at a seasonal low. April was a small month for deposits. Under the new caliber, M1 decreased by 4.3 trillion yuan in the month, 13.03 billion yuan more than the same period in 2024, generally at a seasonally low level. The year - on - year reading of M1 decreased slightly from 1.6% to 1.5% [5][41]. - Among the M2 sub - items, inter - bank deposits increased significantly, and household and enterprise deposits increased slightly year - on - year on a low base. In April, inter - bank deposits increased significantly by 1.5 trillion yuan, 1.9 trillion yuan more than the same period in 2024. After the central level of capital prices declined, the attractiveness of non - bank time deposits might have increased. Enterprise deposits decreased 54.28 billion yuan less year - on - year, and household deposits increased 46 billion yuan year - on - year [5][43].

Group 1: Market Overview - The issuance scale of government bonds, local government bonds, and policy financial bonds last week was 371 billion, 105.5 billion, and 102.1 billion respectively, with net financing amounts of 195.6 billion, 67.2 billion, and -27.5 billion [1] - The total issuance scale of non-financial credit bonds was 163.7 billion, with a net financing amount of 3 billion [1] Group 2: Liquidity Tracking - Last week, the net withdrawal through reverse repos was 781.7 billion, with funds initially tightening and then loosening [3] - This week, there will be 836.1 billion in reverse repos and 125 billion in MLF maturing, while government bond issuance will accelerate alongside the release of 1 trillion in reserve requirement cuts [3] Group 3: Policy and Fundamentals - The central bank announced a reserve requirement cut of 50 basis points, a policy interest rate cut of 10 basis points, and a 25 basis point cut for structural tools [4] - In April, dollar-denominated exports increased by 8.1% year-on-year, exceeding expectations, while CPI was -0.1% and PPI was -2.7%, both in line with expectations [4] Group 4: Equity Market - A-shares rose again last week due to post-holiday effects, US-China negotiations, and the India-Pakistan conflict, with major indices recovering all losses since the trade war began in April [6] - The total A-share financing balance reached 1,797.138 billion, an increase of 5.833 billion compared to April 29 [6] Group 5: Debt Market Strategy Outlook - The first quarter monetary policy report indicates a shift towards encouraging banks to increase credit issuance, suggesting a continued loose liquidity environment [7] - The market is concerned about the impact of tariff shocks on exports, but there is a clear supportive policy stance expected to hedge against export declines [7]

文丨张涛（中国建设银行金融市场部，文章仅代表作者观点） 自美元成为主导全球贸易和金融市场的核心货币，即国际货币的美元体系确立以来，"我们的货币，你们的问题"就成为 了国际金融市场的金科铁律——市场一旦面临巨大不确定和动荡时，跨境资金就倾向将风险资产转换为安全性更高的美 国国债，美债价格会随之上涨（收益率下行），而当市场对流动性也开始担忧时，还会进一步将非美货币转为美元，相 应美元指数也多会上涨。换言之，在以往多次市场动荡和危机时，非美经济体多出现股债汇三杀——股指下跌、本币国 债收益率上行、本币对美元的汇率贬值。 但这一次却不一样！ 自4月2日特朗普宣布对其所有贸易伙伴征收"对等关税"以来，美国出现了股债汇三杀，标普500指数最低跌至4948点， 较4月1日收盘价下跌12%，10年期美国国债收益率最高上行至4.59%，较4月1日上行46BPs，美元指数更是跌破了100， 较4月1日的收盘价下跌了5%。 | 美国标准管尔500指数历史数据 MASK | | | | | 美国十年期国债收益事历史数据 | | | | | 美元指数历史数据 HARR | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- ...

Group 1: Economic Context - The "American exceptionalism" narrative is being challenged as recent interest rate hikes have begun to tighten financial conditions, prompting market reflections on the implications of these changes[1] - The current liquidity environment in the U.S. remains relatively loose despite the Federal Reserve's aggressive tightening cycle, which saw a cumulative increase of 525 basis points from March 2022 to July 2023[2] Group 2: Household and Corporate Sector Analysis - The ratio of mortgage payments to disposable income for households is at 11.3%, slightly lower than the 11.7% level at the end of 2019, indicating strong consumer spending from 2022 to 2024[1] - In the corporate sector, the OAS spread on credit bonds has been declining since the second half of 2022, reflecting a historically loose credit environment and improved debt servicing metrics[2] Group 3: Upcoming Debt Maturities - A significant challenge is anticipated in Q2 2025, with over $600 billion in corporate debt maturing, marking a 70% increase compared to the average maturity in the second half of 2024[4] - The average financing cost for these maturing debts is estimated at 3.6%, while refinancing at current rates (approximately 5.5%) would increase financial costs by 190 basis points[4] Group 4: Liquidity Risks and Market Implications - The liquidity environment is expected to tighten as the Fed continues its balance sheet reduction, with the overnight reverse repurchase agreements (ONRRP) significantly lower than in previous years[6] - Historical patterns suggest that credit spreads may widen significantly following the end of the current tightening cycle, with a notable risk of increased financing costs exceeding 200 basis points this year[6]

Group 1: Monetary Policy and Market Operations - The central bank conducted a 7-day reverse repurchase operation of 104.5 billion yuan at a fixed rate of 1.5% on March 6, resulting in a net withdrawal of 110.5 billion yuan for the day, marking the fourth consecutive day of net withdrawal [2][4] - The interbank funding market remained stable after four days of net withdrawal, with overnight repo rates and non-bank institutions' pledged credit bond borrowing rates concentrated in the range of 1.75%-1.8% [4] - The latest overnight financing rate in the US was reported at 4.33% [5] Group 2: Bond Market Trends - The secondary market for one-year interbank certificates of deposit was around 2%, showing little change from the previous day [7] - Major interest rate bond yields in the interbank market rose by 3-5 basis points, with specific yields for various government bonds listed [8] - The yield spreads for AAA-rated local government bonds across different maturities were analyzed, indicating trends in the bond market [9] Group 3: Fiscal Policy and Economic Plans - The Ministry of Finance proposed a budget report for 2025, projecting total revenue of 98,860 billion yuan, a decrease of 3.5% from 2024, with a central fiscal deficit of 48,600 billion yuan, an increase of 15,200 billion yuan from the previous year [11] - The National Development and Reform Commission proposed actions to boost consumption, including enhancing consumer capacity and improving the consumption environment, with a planned central budget investment of 735 billion yuan for 2025 [11] Group 4: Bond Market Developments - The issuance of special government bonds to support state-owned banks' capital replenishment will be implemented in phases [14] - The first mixed equity-debt venture capital fund was established in Shenzhen [15] - The State Council emphasized the importance of the bond market for financing and plans to expand the issuance scale in key areas [15]