证券研究报告 | 债券专题报告 2025 年 07 月 22 日 理财净值化与信用债变局 理财产品的资金动向是信用债市场中不可忽视的重要影响因素。本文梳理了在 净值化背景下理财规模和配债行为变化，从理财视角来丰富信用债分析框架。 一、理财规模平稳上升至 29.14 万亿元，具有较好灵活性的开放式产品更受投 资者的青睐，最小持有期型产品成为开放式产品首选投资对象之一 存款利率下行，存款搬家带来理财规模上升。理财以个人投资者为主，具有较 好灵活性的开放式产品更受投资者的青睐。主要原因是作为定期存款的替代产 品，理财产品在净值化管理后，叠加广谱利率下行，投资者对理财收益率的下 跌较为敏感。具体来看，为兼顾流动性和收益率，最小持有期型产品成为投资 者在选择开放式产品时的首选投资对象之一，因此也成为了 2024 年理财产品扩 容的主要力量。 二、理财面对"不可能三角"如何影响配债风格 理财面临着高收益、净值平稳和高流动性代表的"不可能三角"。为稳定理财 产品净值，近几年理财减少配置债券，增配流动性更高且估值波动较小的现金 及银行存款。虽然理财减配债券，但信用债仍占总投资资产的 41%，拥有票息 收益的信用债始终为理财资 ...

近日，《住房租赁条例》公布，自9月15日起施行。根据条例，厨房、卫生间、阳台、过道、地下储藏 室、车库等非居住空间，不得单独出租用于居住；出租人无正当理由不得扣减押金。详情>> 1、欧洲理事会主席、欧盟委员会主席将于7月24日访华并举行第二十五次中国—欧盟领导人会晤。 2、中国7月LPR连续第二个月"按兵不动"，1年期品种报3.0%，5年期以上报3.5%。货币政策进入观察 期，在公开市场7天期逆回购操作利率延续持稳的背景下，LPR报价不变符合市场普遍预期。 8、海南自贸港跨境资产管理试点细则发布，明确境外投资者投资的试点资管产品应当以人民币计价结 算，募集资金应当投向境内市场，初始试点总规模上限设定为100亿元人民币。 1、香港特区行政长官李家超表示，今年截至7月中，香港市场共迎来52次IPO，同比增加30%，共集资 1240亿港元，同比上升590%，暂列全球第一。未来特区政府会持续完善上市制度、进一步促进股票市 场流动性，吸引全球更多优质企业来港上市。 2、主动权益基金最新重仓股出炉。二季度末，腾讯控股继续蝉联主动权益基金头号重仓股，宁德时代 及贵州茅台继续位居第二、第三大重仓股。与此同时，公募基金抱团趋势 ...

// 债市综述 // 1. 公开市场操作 央行公告称，7月21日以固定利率、数量招标方式开展了1707亿元7天期逆回购操作，操作利率1.40%，投标量1707亿元，中标量1707亿元。Wind数据显 示，当日2262亿元逆回购到期，据此计算，单日净回笼555亿元。 （*数据来源：Wind-央行动态PBOC） 2. 资金面 （*数据来源：Wind-同业存单-发行结果） 4. 银行间主要利率债 收益率全线上行，中长券弱势明显。 | （*数据来源：Wind-成交统计BMW） | | --- | 周一资金面进一步向好，存款类机构隔夜回购加权利率（DR001）走低近10bp，重回1.35%附近。 海外方面，最新美国隔夜融资担保利率为4.34%。 （IMM） （*数据来源：Wind-国际货币资金情绪指数、资金综合屏） 3. 同业存单 全国和主要股份制银行一年期同业存单最新成交在1.63%附近，较上日小幅上行。 5. 近期城投债（AAA）各期限利差走势及数据 （*数据来源：Wind-利差分析） 6. 国债期货收盘全线下跌 30年期主力合约跌0.46% 10年期主力合约跌0.05% 5年期主力合约跌0.05% 2年期主力合约 ...

新华财经北京7月21日电 四大证券报内容精华摘要如下： 中国证券报 ·中国雅江集团成立央企增至99家 7月19日，国务院国资委发布《国务院国资委关于组建中国雅江集团有限公司的公告》称，经国务院批 准，组建中国雅江集团有限公司，由国务院国有资产监督管理委员会代表国务院履行出资人职责，列入 国务院国有资产监督管理委员会履行出资人职责的企业名单。至此，央企增至99家。 ·上半年吸收外资金额保持较高水平更多稳外资举措有望推出 上半年我国吸收外资成绩单出炉。商务部7月19日发布最新数据显示，1至6月，全国新设立外商投资企 业30014家，同比增长11.7%；实际使用外资金额4232.3亿元。专家表示，我国实际利用外资金额保持较 高水平。根据国家发展改革委近日透露，下阶段将适时推出新一批重大外资项目，研究出台新版鼓励外 商投资产业目录等举措，形成更大力度吸引和利用外资的合力。随着系列举措陆续推出，下半年新设外 资企业数量有望继续保持较快增长。 今年5月7日，央行、中国证监会联合发布关于支持发行科创债有关事宜的公告，旨在通过创新金融工具 进一步疏通科技企业融资渠道。截至目前，科创债市场已经初具规模且凸显了示范效应。最新数据 ...

作者：招商银行研究院 零售客群部 私人银行部 | | 本期要点摘要 | | | --- | --- | --- | | 回顾 | 近１月 2025 年以来 | | | 固收产品收益 | 含权债墓>中长期债墓>短债基金>高 | 含权债基 > 高等级同业存单指赛 > 短信基金> | | 回顾 | 等级同业存单指基>现金管理 | 中长期债墓 > 现金管理 | | | 近一个月国内"反内卷"预期强化+ | 1月偏强震荡,2月-3月中旬债市大幅回 | | | 美国对等关税"变相"延后抬升市场 | | | 债市回顾 | | 调，4月初债市快速走强后回归震荡，5月下 | | | 风险偏好,资金面整体仍相对缓和, | 旬小幅回调，6月回归震荡，7月微幅回调。 | | | 短债强于长债,信用债强于利率债。 | | | 行业事件跟踪 | | 1、7 月 11 日，国家金融监督管理总局发布《 金融机构产品适当性管理办法》，旨在 | | | 进一步规范金融机构适当性管理，加强金融消费者权益保护。 | | | 展望 | 短期(1个月维度) | 中期(3-6个月维度) | | 债市展望 | -同业存单:预计利率维持稳定。 | | | | ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The investment in secondary and perpetual bonds (referred to as "two - eternal bonds") in the current bond market has reached the fourth stage. Since 2024, two - eternal bonds have become amplifiers of interest rate fluctuations. The report focuses on analyzing the institutional behavior patterns of two - eternal bonds and attempts to discover effective signals [2][15]. - Different types of institutions have different allocation patterns for two - eternal bonds. For example, banks act as stabilizers in the bond market, while securities firms have high - frequency trading, funds are the main buyers, and other institutions have their own preferences [5][6]. - It is difficult to use the institutional behavior of two - eternal bonds to predict interest rate trends, but it can help investors understand the market's expectation of whether interest rates can continue to decline. The report constructs investment sentiment measurement indicators for the trading desks of two - eternal bonds to assist investors in observation [7][8]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 Why Focus on the Institutional Behavior of Two - eternal Bonds? - The investment in two - eternal bonds has gone through four stages. Since 2024, they have become amplifiers of interest rate fluctuations. The report aims to analyze their institutional behavior patterns and find effective signals [2][15]. - The report discusses three types of bonds (secondary capital bonds, perpetual bonds, and ordinary financial bonds) and six types of investors (banks, securities firms, funds, wealth management, insurance, and others). Different investors' term preferences are mainly concentrated in 1Y, 3Y, and 5Y, and the trading volume of two - eternal bonds over 5Y declines significantly [3][15]. 3.2 Institutional Behavior Patterns of Two - eternal Bonds 3.2.1 Banks Still Act as Stabilizers in the Bond Market - Since the second half of 2024, commercial banks have increased the trading volume of 1Y/3Y secondary capital bonds and continuously net - sold 5Y secondary capital bonds. For perpetual bonds, the trading volume of 1Y/3Y is small, and 5Y is significantly net - sold. For ordinary financial bonds, the trading volume in the 3Y term is the largest, and they are mostly net - sold, except for increasing allocation during bond market corrections [5][16]. 3.2.2 Securities Firms Have High - Frequency Band - trading of Two - eternal Bonds - Securities firms show obvious trading - desk characteristics in the trading of two - eternal bonds, frequently switching between buying and selling with a relatively large scale. They have a high preference for 1Y/3Y/5Y two - eternal bonds and ordinary financial bonds [5][21]. 3.2.3 Funds Are the Main Buyers of Two - eternal Bonds - Funds tend to make trend - based allocations to two - eternal bonds. They continuously buy during bull markets and sell significantly during bear markets, driving market trends. In recent years, with the overall decline in the interest rates of two - eternal bonds, funds have shown a trend of increasing allocation [5][30]. 3.2.4 The Institutional Behavior Characteristics of Wealth Management in Two - eternal Bonds Are Diverse - In most periods, the trading characteristics of wealth management in two - eternal bonds are not obvious, showing an overall allocation trend. At some points, they take profits during bull markets, buy during bear markets, and continue to buy during volatile markets [5][37]. 3.2.5 Insurance Also Acts as a Stabilizer in the Bond Market - Insurance institutions generally net - sell two - eternal bonds but increase allocation during market corrections, acting as stabilizers [5][46]. 3.2.6 Other Types of Institutions Prefer to Continuously Allocate 5Y Two - eternal Bonds - Other types of institutions have a greater preference for continuously allocating 5Y two - eternal bonds [6][52]. 3.3 How to Use the Institutional Behavior Patterns of Two - eternal Bonds? - It is relatively difficult to use the institutional behavior of two - eternal bonds to predict interest rate trends due to factors such as the synchronicity of institutional behavior indicators, less trading data, and data delays [7][61]. - However, the institutional behavior of two - eternal bonds can help investors understand the market's expectation of whether interest rates can continue to decline. When investors expect interest rates to continue to decline, the trading desks of two - eternal bonds will continue to buy, compressing the spread. When the expectation weakens, the buying power will decrease [7][61]. - The report constructs investment sentiment measurement indicators for the trading desks of two - eternal bonds, which are the smoothed overall purchases of funds and securities firms in 5Y secondary capital bonds and 5Y perpetual bonds. When these indicators decline significantly and approach zero, it indicates that the trading desks are less optimistic about buying two - eternal bonds for capital gains. This year, there were two such time points in January 15th and late April, corresponding to subsequent bond market corrections or fluctuations [8][62].

华泰柏瑞沪深300ETF基金经理为柳军。 简历显示，柳军先生:中国国籍。监事,复旦大学财务管理硕士,2000-2001年任上海汽车集团财务有限公司财务,2001-2004年任华安基金管理有限公司高级基金 核算员,2004年7月加入华泰柏瑞基金管理有限公司,历任基金事务部总监、上证红利ETF基金经理助理。2009年6月起任上证红利交易型开放式指数证券投资 基金的基金经理。2010年10月起担任指数投资部副总监。2011年1月至2020年2月任华泰柏瑞上证中小盘ETF基金、华泰柏瑞上证中小盘ETF联接基金基金经 理。2012年5月起任华泰柏瑞沪深300交易型开放式指数证券投资基金、华泰柏瑞沪深300交易型开放式指数证券投资基金联接基金的基金经理。2015年2月起 任指数投资部总监。2015年5月至2025年1月任华泰柏瑞中证500交易型开放式指数证券投资基金及华泰柏瑞中证500交易型开放式指数证券投资基金联接基金 的基金经理。2018年3月至2018年11月任华泰柏瑞锦利灵活配置混合型证券投资基金和华泰柏瑞裕利灵活配置混合型证券投资基金的基金经理。2018年3月至 2018年10月任华泰柏瑞泰利灵活配置混合型证券 ...

红利资产受捧 相关基金密集"上新" 年内清算基金数量超130只 基金发行和退出市场化趋势日益明显 数据显示，今年以来已有超130只基金宣告清算，延续了过去两年"清算常态化"的节奏。值得注意的 是，与此前相比，今年清算的产品中，还出现了包括红利、医药等在内较为热门的主题基金。这意味 着，热门领域主题基金同样面临着规模或持有人数的压力。在业内人士看来，受到市场选择、公司资源 投入、投资能力等多重因素影响，基金发行和退出的市场化趋势近年来更趋明显。（经济参考报） 今年来，商业银行资本补充进程明显加码，特别是进入二季度以来，多家中小银行密集"补血"。Wind 数据显示，截至7月15日，我国商业银行年内已发行"二永债"（二级资本债、永续债）8945.6亿元，发 行数量达到57只。业内专家表示，近年来，在商业银行盈利能力下降、利润留存补充资本空间缩窄的情 况下，发行"二永债"可以通过外源性渠道丰富资本金来源，提升经营的稳健性。未来应不断优化政策和 市场环境，拓宽符合条件的中小银行的资本补充渠道。(智通财经) 1494家A股公司已披露中报预告 417家预计净利润增幅上限超100% 近期以银行股为代表的红利资产大幅上涨，相关 ...

Core Viewpoint - The release of the "Green Finance Support Project Directory (2025 Edition)" aims to unify standards for green financial products, enhancing efficiency and guiding financial resources towards green and low-carbon projects [1][2][3] Summary by Relevant Sections Green Finance Growth - As of May, China's green, inclusive, pension, and digital loans grew by 27.4%, 11.2%, 38%, and 9.5% year-on-year, respectively, all exceeding the growth rate of other loans [1] - Over 1 trillion yuan in green and technology-related bonds were issued in the first half of 2025 [1] New Categories in the Directory - The new directory introduces two major categories: green trade and green consumption, focusing on low-carbon sectors [2][3] - Green trade includes efficient energy equipment, advanced transportation equipment, and green agricultural products, while green consumption covers electric vehicles and energy-efficient appliances [2][3] Impact on Financial Institutions - The directory provides a clear framework for banks to identify and manage green credit projects, enhancing the classification of green assets and guiding the development of green financial products [6][7] - Financial institutions can use the directory to support green bonds and ESG investments, ensuring compliance and effective project selection [6][7] Support for High-Carbon Industries - The directory outlines pathways for high-carbon industries like steel and petrochemicals to transition through clean production and process optimization [10][11] - It emphasizes the importance of third-party services for technical consulting and carbon management to lower transformation costs [10][11] International Alignment - The directory aligns with international standards, enhancing the comparability of China's green finance initiatives with global practices [12][13] - It aims to improve the international influence of China's green finance by addressing long-standing discrepancies in project identification standards [11][12] Expansion of Project Types - The directory expands the number of supported projects significantly, with 271 items listed, reflecting the latest trends in China's green economy [9][11] - It removes 11 fossil fuel-related projects, reinforcing the focus on sustainable practices [9][11]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Short - term liquidity depends on central bank's injections. Investors can maintain duration and seize opportunities from falling interest rates [2]. - In mid - July, there are both positive and negative factors for the liquidity. The key variable is the central bank's roll - over of outright reverse repos. DR007 is likely to fluctuate between 1.40% - 1.50%. There are few negative factors for the bond market. If there is a tightening trend in liquidity, a further decline in large banks' lending volume should be observed first [3]. 3. Summary According to Related Catalogs 3.1 This Week's Institutional Behavior Review: Is There a Tightening Trend in Liquidity? - **Yield Curve**: Yields of treasury bonds and China Development Bank bonds generally increased. For treasury bonds, 1Y yield rose 3bp, 3Y and 5Y rose 4bp, 7Y rose 3bp, 10Y rose about 3bp, 15Y and 30Y rose 2bp. For China Development Bank bonds, 1Y yield rose about 4bp, 3Y rose 4bp, 5Y rose about 6bp, 7Y and 10Y rose 3bp, 15Y rose 2bp, and 30Y changed less than 1bp [13]. - **Term Spread**: The spread between treasury bonds and China Development Bank bonds increased. For treasury bonds, the short - term spread narrowed and the long - term spread widened. For China Development Bank bonds, the short - term spread was divided, and the medium - and long - term spread narrowed [16]. 3.2 Bond Market Leverage and Liquidity - **Leverage Ratio**: It dropped to 107.3%. From July 7th to July 11th, 2025, the leverage ratio decreased continuously during the week. As of July 11th, it was about 107.3%, down 0.69pct from last Friday and 0.58pct from this Monday [20]. - **Average Daily Turnover of Pledged Repurchase**: The average daily turnover of pledged repurchase this week was 8.2 trillion yuan, with an average overnight proportion of 89.57%. From July 7th to July 11th, the average daily turnover was 8.2 trillion yuan, up 0.61 trillion yuan from last week. The average overnight turnover was 7.4 trillion yuan, up 0.55 trillion yuan month - on - month, and the average overnight proportion was 89.57%, down 0.14pct month - on - month [26][27]. - **Liquidity**: Banks' lending volume continued to decline. From July 7th to July 11th, the lending volume of the banking system decreased. On July 11th, large banks and policy banks' net lending was 4.65 trillion yuan; joint - stock banks and urban and rural commercial banks' average daily net lending was 0.66 trillion yuan, and on July 11th, they had a net inflow of 0.91 trillion yuan. The banking system's net lending was 3.74 trillion yuan [31]. 3.3 Duration of Medium - and Long - Term Bond Funds - **Median Duration**: It dropped to 2.87 years. From July 7th to July 11th, the median duration of medium - and long - term bond funds was 2.87 years (de - leveraged) and 3.21 years (leveraged). On July 11th, the median duration (de - leveraged) was 2.87 years, down 0.01 year from last Friday; the median duration (leveraged) was 3.21 years, up 0.04 year from last Friday [45]. - **Duration of Interest - Rate Bond Funds**: It rose to 3.93 years. Among different types of bond funds, the median duration (leveraged) of interest - rate bond funds rose to 3.93 years, up 0.02 year from last Friday; the median duration (leveraged) of credit bond funds rose to 2.98 years, up 0.01 year from last Friday; the median duration (de - leveraged) of interest - rate bond funds was 3.55 years, up 0.09 year from last Friday; the median duration (de - leveraged) of credit bond funds was 2.73 years, down 0.02 year from last Friday [48]. 3.4 Category Strategy Comparison - **China - US Yield Spread**: It generally widened. The 1Y spread widened 3bp, 2Y widened 7bp, 3Y widened 6bp, 5Y widened 5bp, 7Y widened 3bp, 10Y widened about 3bp, and 30Y widened 2bp [52]. - **Implied Tax Rate**: The short - term spread widened, and the long - term spread narrowed. As of July 11th, the spread between China Development Bank bonds and treasury bonds widened 1bp for 1Y, changed less than 1bp for 3Y, widened 2bp for 5Y, widened 1bp for 7Y and 10Y, changed less than 1bp for 15Y, and narrowed 2bp for 30Y [53]. 3.5 Changes in Bond Lending Balance On July 11th, the concentration of lending for active 10Y treasury bonds, active 10Y China Development Bank bonds, second - active 10Y China Development Bank bonds, and active 30Y treasury bonds showed an upward trend, while the concentration of second - active 10Y treasury bonds showed a downward trend. For all institutions, it showed an upward trend [56].