中叶私募：如何评估加息对股市的具体影响 加息是货币政策的重要工具，其对股市的影响一直是投资者关注的焦点。加息不仅会影响市场资金的流动，还会对企 业的经营成本、投资者的风险偏好以及宏观经济环境产生深远的影响。本文将从多个维度详细探讨如何评估加息对股 市的具体影响，帮助投资者更好地应对加息环境下的市场变化。 一、资金流向与市场流动性 （一）资金回流美国 美联储加息后，美元资产的收益率上升，美债和美股的吸引力显著增强，导致全球资金回流美国。这一现象使得其他 国家股票市场的资金供应减少，尤其是新兴市场，股票市场的购买力下降，股价受到压制。例如，在2015-2018年的加 息周期中，新兴市场股市普遍表现不佳，资金大量流向美国。 （二）流动性收紧 加息导致市场流动性收紧，融资难度加大。资金从股票市场流向债券等固定收益资产，因为债券收益率上升，对投资 者的吸引力增加。这种资金流向的变化会直接影响股票市场的供需关系，进而对股价产生压力。 二、企业成本与盈利能力 （一）融资成本上升 加息使企业融资成本增加，无论是银行贷款还是债券融资，企业都需要支付更高的利息。这会压缩企业的利润空间， 尤其是负债率较高的企业，影响更为显著。例如 ...

Core Insights - Goldman Sachs' investment strategy team has made significant adjustments to the U.S. sector allocation model, recommending a more balanced sector allocation strategy for investors [1] - The updated sector model indicates that an equal-weight sector allocation portfolio has a significantly higher probability of achieving over 5% excess returns compared to an equal-weight S&P 500 index over the next six months [1] Sector Recommendations - The software and services, as well as media and entertainment sectors, continue to hold their previous overweight ratings, while the new materials sector has been included in the core recommendations for the first time [1] - The consumer staples sector has been removed from the priority allocation list [1] - The report emphasizes that the current U.S. stock market exhibits an overly optimistic outlook on the economic prospects, with both downside risks and upside potential present in the actual economic performance [1] Investment Strategy - The strategy report suggests avoiding significant bias towards cyclical or defensive sectors, advocating for a balanced investment portfolio that can withstand market fluctuations [1] - In terms of specific sector selection, software and services (long-term growth expectation of 14%) and media and entertainment (long-term growth expectation of 14%) stand out due to their robust growth prospects, particularly in a moderately growing economy [1] - Defensive sectors such as utilities and real estate are favored due to the expectation of a slight decline in bond yields [1] - Among cyclical sectors, the materials sector is viewed as having a better allocation advantage compared to the energy sector, primarily based on expectations of falling oil prices [1] Adjustments and Market Outlook - The industrial sector has been downgraded due to its overall valuation being at historical highs, with the model indicating the lowest likelihood of achieving significant excess returns over the next six months [2] - Although the consumer staples and healthcare sectors are not explicitly bearish, their allocation priority has been slightly lowered compared to the model's baseline recommendations [2] - The adjustments reflect Goldman Sachs' neutral judgment on the market environment, acknowledging the reasonableness of current market optimism while diversifying allocations to hedge against potential risks [2] - The strategy team highlights that in the context of economic growth uncertainty, sectors that combine growth potential with reasonable valuations will exhibit greater investment resilience, while excessive bets on a single direction may face dual volatility risks [2]

受诸多不确定性因素影响，市场风险偏好依然面临不小挑战。 上周美股涨跌互现，美联储在上半年最后一次议息会议上维持今年降息两次的预期，但暗示关税问题影 响并未显现。 受诸多不确定性因素影响，上周美股基金净流出创今年3月以来新高。临近上半年收官，外界将继续密 切关注中东事态发展，同时关注美联储官员对于货币政策前景的观点，市场风险偏好依然面临不小挑 战。 美联储重申谨慎立场 在投资者试图衡量特朗普关税战的影响之际，美国经济指标出现了一些波动。 衡量美国消费品支出的5月零售环比下滑0.9%，低于预期。鉴于前两个月的强劲数据，上月零售额的下 降可能并不令人意外，这可能是由于预期的关税拉动了需求。不包括食品服务、汽车经销商和加油站等 核心零售增长了0.4%，高于预期的0.3%，这反映了经济增长动能依然稳健。 总体而言，到目前为止适用于大多数进入美国的商品10%关税对消费者价格的压力很小。与此同时，劳 动力市场的弹性也比预期更好。亚特兰大联储最新更新的第二季度国内生产总值（GDP）"即时预测"显 示，经济增速从此前的3.5%略下调至3.4%。 道琼斯市场统计显示，板块跌多涨少。医疗保健行业下挫2.7%，通信服务和原材料跌幅也 ...

Group 1 - The article highlights that U.S. stock market investors are surprisingly neglecting traditional safe-haven assets amid escalating tensions in the Middle East, with analysts warning that unexpected developments in the Israel-Iran conflict could catch the market off guard [1][4] - Despite the anxiety, there has only been a slight inflow of funds into defensive sectors such as utilities, consumer staples, and healthcare, even as the S&P 500 index is only 2.7% away from its all-time high [1][4] - Defensive sectors' influence on the benchmark index is currently at a 35-year low, indicating that these safer stocks have been overlooked by the market recently [1][4] Group 2 - Goldman Sachs' pair trade basket, which involves going long on cyclical stocks and short on defensive stocks, has seen a slight increase since Israel's airstrikes on Iranian nuclear projects, suggesting that if traders were to rush for safety, this basket would decline [3] - UBS data shows that the impact of geopolitical events on the stock market is often short-lived, with the S&P 500 index averaging only a 0.3% decline one week after major geopolitical events, and a 7.7% increase after 12 months [4] - Some market professionals are beginning to recommend increasing exposure to defensive stocks, particularly in the utilities sector, which is seen as a hedge against market volatility and economic risks [7]