证券研究报告 原油周报：国际油价下跌，关注地缘风险 大化工首席分析师：陈淑娴，CFA 执业证书编号：S0600523020004 联系方式：chensx@dwzq.com.cn 石化化工分析师：周少玟 执业证书编号：S0600525070005 联系方式：zhoushm@dwzq.com.cn 2025年12月21日 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明部分 投资要点 ◼ 【美国原油】 2 ◼ 1）原油价格：本周Brent/WTI原油期货周均价分别59.9/56.1美元/桶，较上周分别-1.9/-2.0美元/桶。 ◼ 2）原油库存：美国原油总库存、商业原油库存、战略原油库存、库欣原油库存分别8.4/4.2/4.1/0.2亿桶，环比-103/- 127/+25/-74万桶。 ◼ 3）原油产量：美国原油产量为1384万桶/天，环比-1万桶/天。美国活跃原油钻机本周406台，环比-8台。美国活跃压裂 车队本周168部，环比-8部。 ◼ 4）原油需求：美国炼厂原油加工量为1699万桶/天，环比+13万桶/天；美国炼厂原油开工率为94.8%，环比+0.3pct。 ◼ 5）原油进出口量：美国原油进口量、出口量、净进口量为653/ ...

Core Viewpoint - The total crude oil production of the Bayannur Oilfield, operated by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), has surpassed 5 million tons, marking a significant advancement in the exploration and development of deep-layer continental clastic oil reservoirs in China, thereby enhancing national energy security [2]. Group 1 - The Bayannur Oilfield has accelerated its development since the first high-yield industrial oil well was obtained in 2018 [4]. - The time taken to achieve the first 1 million tons of crude oil production was 49 months, while subsequent milestones of 1 million tons were reached in progressively shorter timeframes of 13 months, 10 months, 9 months, and 8 months, indicating a rapid growth trend [4].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Strong Buy" rating for the oil and petrochemical sector [1]. Core Viewpoints - Progress in peace negotiations between Russia and Ukraine has led to a decrease in oil prices, reflecting a retreat from geopolitical premiums [6]. - The U.S. labor market shows signs of weakness, with a reduction of 41,000 jobs in October and November combined, and the unemployment rate rising to 4.6%, the highest since October 2021 [6]. - The CPI for November recorded a year-on-year increase of 2.7%, below market expectations, suggesting potential easing of inflationary pressures [6]. - In the fluorochemical sector, the 2026 refrigerant quotas are set to increase, and government subsidies for home appliances are expected to continue, supporting demand [6]. - The automotive sector is experiencing sustained growth due to government incentives for vehicle scrappage and replacement [6]. Summary by Sections Oil and Petrochemicals - The report highlights the successful progress in peace talks between Russia and Ukraine, which has contributed to a decline in oil prices, with WTI and Brent crude futures dropping by 1.67% and 1.09% respectively [6]. - The U.S. refining capacity is recovering post-maintenance, with a slight reduction in commercial crude oil inventories, while gasoline and jet fuel stocks are increasing [6]. - The report notes that domestic oil companies are diversifying their oil and gas sources to reduce sensitivity to international oil price fluctuations [7]. Fluorochemicals - The 2026 production quotas for HFCs have been announced, with a total of 797,845 tons, an increase of 5,963 tons from the previous year [6]. - The demand for refrigerants is expected to improve due to ongoing government subsidies and a strong automotive market [6]. Semiconductor Materials - The semiconductor materials sector is experiencing a positive inventory destocking trend, with improving fundamentals in the end market [7]. - The report suggests that the upward cycle in semiconductor materials, combined with domestic substitution, may lead to further price increases [7].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the oil processing industry, consistent with the previous rating [1]. Core Insights - International oil prices experienced fluctuations, with Brent and WTI prices recorded at $60.05 and $56.52 per barrel respectively as of December 19, 2025, reflecting a decrease of 1.75% and 1.60% from the previous week [2][9]. - The geopolitical situation, particularly discussions around the Russia-Ukraine peace agreement and U.S. sanctions on Venezuela, has influenced market dynamics, leading to a mixed impact on oil prices [2][9]. - The oil and petrochemical sector showed resilience, with a 1.60% increase in the sector's performance compared to a 0.28% decline in the broader market (CSI 300) [10]. Summary by Sections Oil Price Review - As of December 19, 2025, Brent crude futures settled at $60.05 per barrel, down $1.07 (-1.75%), while WTI crude futures settled at $56.52 per barrel, down $0.92 (-1.60%) [2][17]. - The Urals crude price remained stable at $65.49 per barrel, while ESPO crude fell to $47.86 per barrel, down $1.77 (-3.57%) [2][17]. Offshore Drilling Services - The number of global offshore self-elevating drilling rigs increased to 375, with a net addition of 7 rigs, while floating drilling rigs rose to 131, with a net addition of 2 rigs [27]. U.S. Oil Supply - U.S. crude oil production was reported at 13.843 million barrels per day, a decrease of 10,000 barrels from the previous week [44]. - The active rig count in the U.S. decreased to 406, down by 8 rigs [44]. U.S. Oil Demand - U.S. refinery crude processing increased to 16.988 million barrels per day, with a utilization rate of 94.80%, up 0.3 percentage points from the previous week [55]. U.S. Oil Inventory - Total U.S. crude oil inventory stood at 837 million barrels, a decrease of 1.025 million barrels (-0.12%) from the previous week [62]. - Strategic oil reserves increased slightly to 412 million barrels, while commercial inventories decreased to 424 million barrels [62]. Related Companies - Key companies in the sector include China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec), and PetroChina, among others [3].

Core Viewpoint - The opening of the Dongshan heavy-duty truck charging station, built by China Petroleum Yunnan Sales Company, marks a significant advancement in the energy supply infrastructure along the strategic transportation corridor connecting Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet, achieving a breakthrough from "zero to one" in new energy refueling capabilities [1] Group 1: Infrastructure Development - The Dongshan charging station is located in the Jingshan High-tech Industrial Development Zone in Lijiang, Yunnan Province, strategically positioned at a critical junction for transportation into Sichuan and Tibet [1] - The station is surrounded by key industrial bases, such as the Southwest Cement Plant, and is directly connected to major highways, creating a seamless energy supply layout known as the "Golden Triangle" [1] Group 2: Service Capabilities - The station is equipped with 8 DC fast charging spots, each with a capacity of 120KW, allowing simultaneous charging for 8 medium and large new energy freight vehicles [1] - This facility significantly reduces charging time, addressing the core issues of "charging difficulty and slow charging" faced by long-haul freight drivers [1] Group 3: Strategic Importance - The charging station provides essential energy support for major national projects, including the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the development of hydropower stations in Diqing and Tibet [1]

Core Insights - The first phase of the Shunqing Oilfield, submitted by China Petroleum Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, has successfully passed the evaluation by the Ministry of Natural Resources, confirming over 20 million tons of oil and over 2 billion cubic meters of natural gas in proven geological reserves [1] Group 1 - The Shunqing Oilfield is recognized as the first tight oil field in the Sichuan Basin [1] - This submission represents the largest scale of crude oil reserves reported in the Sichuan Basin this year, following the Fuxing Oilfield's submission of shale oil reserves [1] - The development of unconventional oil and gas resources is seen as a crucial replacement for long-term stable production [1]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the oil processing industry Core Insights - The average global crude oil inventory change for 2026 is projected to be +204.90 thousand barrels per day according to IEA, EIA, and OPEC [2] - For Q4 2025, the average inventory change is expected to be +162.53 thousand barrels per day, showing a revision from previous forecasts [2] - Global crude oil supply for 2025 is forecasted at 10617.36, 10607.84, and 10470.71 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively, indicating a year-on-year increase [2] - The global crude oil demand for 2025 is estimated at 10392.25, 10393.68, and 10513.66 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively, reflecting a modest increase from 2024 [2] Summary by Sections Oil Supply - IEA, EIA, and OPEC predict global crude oil supply for 2026 to be 10865.02, 10742.59, and 10654.18 thousand barrels per day respectively, with increases from 2025 [2][35] - The Q4 2025 supply increase is projected at +414.30, +385.36, and +254.12 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively [35] Oil Demand - The demand for 2026 is forecasted at 10478.51, 10516.87, and 10651.70 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively, indicating a growth from 2025 [2][35] - The demand increase for Q4 2025 is expected to be +108.72, +130.72, and +152.22 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively [4] Oil Prices - As of December 18, 2025, Brent crude, WTI, Russian ESPO, and Russian Urals prices are reported at 59.82, 56.00, 47.94, and 65.49 USD per barrel respectively, with significant declines observed over the year [9][10] - Year-to-date price changes show Brent down by -21.22%, WTI by -23.42%, and Russian ESPO by -33.37% [9][10] Oil Inventory - The global crude oil inventory change for 2025 is projected at +225.11, +214.16, and -42.95 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively, with an average increase of +132.11 thousand barrels per day [26] - The U.S. total crude oil inventory as of December 12, 2025, stands at 83658.8 thousand barrels, reflecting a slight increase [19][20]

Investment Rating - The report indicates a positive outlook for the petrochemical sector, with the overall performance of the sector outperforming the Shanghai Composite Index by 1.57% this week [9]. Core Insights - Oil prices have remained volatile, influenced by geopolitical developments, particularly the progress in Russia-Ukraine negotiations and the fluctuating situation in Venezuela, which has led to a widening discount on Venezuelan oil [14]. - The average operating rate of domestic refineries is stable at 75.11%, while the average refining profit for major refineries is reported at 613.88 CNY/ton, showing a decrease from the previous period [3]. - The polyester sector is experiencing weak demand as the year-end approaches, with expectations of reduced operating rates for weaving machines [3]. - The ethylene market remains stable, with domestic prices holding steady, while propylene prices have seen a slight decline due to ample supply [3]. Summary by Sections Market Overview - The petrochemical sector has outperformed the Shanghai Composite Index, with various indices showing mixed performance, such as the polyester index increasing by 4.65% [9][10]. Oil and Gas Sector - As of December 18, WTI crude oil is priced at 56.15 USD, down by 1.45 USD, while Brent crude is at 61.43 USD, down by 0.95 USD. The U.S. commercial crude oil inventory decreased by 1.274 million barrels [14]. - The U.S. active oil rig count increased by 1 to 414 rigs, indicating a slight uptick in exploration activity [14]. Refining Sector - The average refining profit for major refineries is reported at 613.88 CNY/ton, a decrease of 31.59 CNY/ton from the previous period [3]. - The average operating rate for major refineries is stable at 75.11% [3]. Polyester Sector - The average profit for polyester products shows a decline, with POY150D at 38.35 CNY/ton, down by 71.09 CNY/ton, and FDY150D at -166.66 CNY/ton, down by 81.13 CNY/ton [3]. - PTA processing fees have slightly decreased to 156.51 CNY/ton, indicating ongoing challenges in profitability within the sector [3]. Olefins Sector - Ethylene prices remain stable at 6172 CNY/ton, while propylene prices in Shandong have decreased to 5955 CNY/ton, reflecting a 2.22% decline [3].

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The report focuses on the **Asia Oil & Gas** sector, particularly the dynamics of **natural gas supply and demand in China** and the implications of increased Russian gas imports through the **Power of Siberia 2 (PoS-2)** pipeline [1][2][3][10]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Gas Demand Projections**: China's gas demand is projected to peak at **563 bcm/y by 2035**, which is **5 years earlier** than the estimates from state-owned oil and gas majors, who expect it to peak at **620 bcm/y** [2][25]. - **Slowing Demand Growth**: The growth rate of gas demand in China may slow due to a shift towards electrification and a peak in the coal-to-gas transition. The apparent consumption of natural gas dropped **0.3% year-on-year** in the first ten months of 2025, with LNG imports declining by **16% year-on-year** [2][16]. - **Russian Gas Influx**: By 2035, it is estimated that **68 bcm** of natural gas could be delivered to China from Russia, representing a **62% increase** from the **42 bcm** expected in 2024. This would account for **26%** of China's total gas imports [3][4][10]. - **Impact on Pricing**: The influx of Russian gas, particularly through PoS-2, could exert downward pressure on regional gas prices, as China consumes **28%** of all LNG imports in Asia [4][10]. - **Utilities and Infrastructure Benefits**: Improved gas supply sufficiency could benefit downstream utilities by lowering input costs, enhancing margins, and increasing competitiveness against alternative fuels. Target prices for companies like **ENN** have been raised from **HKD 74** to **HKD 79** based on lower debt costs [5][10]. Additional Important Insights - **Supply-Demand Scenarios**: The report examines various scenarios for gas demand and supply, considering factors such as industrial output and the development of green liquid hydrocarbons. A potential supply glut in 2026 and beyond is anticipated, leading to moderation in pricing [2][10]. - **Long-term Outlook**: The report suggests that if energy transition and piped imports from Russia ramp up quicker than expected, the availability of gas could become looser after 2030, reducing reliance on LNG imports [2][10]. - **Investment Recommendations**: The report recommends buying stocks of **ENN**, **Kunlun**, **PetroChina**, and **GAIL**, which are expected to benefit from the evolving gas supply landscape [5][10]. Conclusion - The evolving dynamics of China's natural gas market, influenced by increased Russian imports and a shift towards electrification, suggest a potential oversupply scenario in the coming years. This could lead to lower prices and create opportunities for utilities and infrastructure operators in the region [2][10].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the following companies: China National Petroleum Corporation (PetroChina), China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec), Zhongman Petroleum and Natural Gas, and New Natural Gas [2][3]. Core Views - The report highlights concerns over oil price weakness due to supply surplus fears, exacerbated by geopolitical tensions and sanctions affecting Venezuela [7][10]. - It suggests that the oil price has a floor, with stable earnings expected for oil companies, particularly those with low production costs and high dividends [12]. - The report emphasizes the importance of focusing on industry leaders with strong performance stability and high dividends, particularly PetroChina and Sinopec [12]. Summary by Sections 1. Weekly Insights - Oil prices have shown weakness amid concerns of oversupply and geopolitical tensions, particularly regarding Venezuela and the Russia-Ukraine conflict [7][10]. - The Brent crude oil futures price settled at $60.47 per barrel, down 1.06% week-on-week, while WTI futures settled at $56.52 per barrel, down 1.60% [10][36]. 2. Market Performance - As of December 19, the CITIC Petroleum and Chemical sector rose by 1.9%, outperforming the CSI 300 index, which fell by 0.3% [14][17]. - The report notes that the other petrochemical sub-sector had the highest weekly increase of 5.1% [17]. 3. Company Performance - The report lists the top performers in the petroleum and petrochemical sector, with Shengtong Energy leading at a 61.06% increase [18]. - Conversely, Heshun Petroleum experienced the largest decline at 9.70% [18]. 4. Industry Dynamics - The report discusses the stable growth in natural gas production, with November output reaching 21.9 billion cubic meters, a 5.7% year-on-year increase [21]. - It also notes that OPEC's total oil production remained stable at 2,848 million barrels per day in November [56]. 5. Oil and Gas Price Tracking - The report provides detailed tracking of oil and gas prices, indicating a decline in both Brent and WTI crude oil prices compared to the previous week [36][45]. - Natural gas prices also showed a decrease, with NYMEX natural gas futures closing at $4.03 per million British thermal units, down 1.83% week-on-week [45].