广发证券首席经济学家 郭磊 guolei@gf.com.cn 摘要 第一， 长江商学院BCI指数在6-8月连续放缓后，9月出现跃升 （图1） ，从前值的46.9回升至51.1，表现略超预 期。我们理解这可能是环比同比共同作用的结果。BCI是一个兼具环同比特征的指标，企业会被询问在销售、利润、 库存等经营指标上，未来6个月与去年同期相比如何变化。从环比来看，9月是工业旺季，8月以来稳增长也有所升 温；从同比来看，去年9月恰是景气低点。一个启示是今年9月工增等经济数据可能在同比也具有一定优势。 第二， BCI销售前瞻指数、利润前瞻指数环比分别上行13.9、7.2个点，"秋旺"的季节性特征初步呈现。回看数据， 企业销售预期的年内低点是8月，匹配同期需求端投资加速下行，"两新"、出口均有所放缓。9月回升或来自广义财 政带动有所增强。在报告《资产重估行至当下：约束与动能》中，我们指出建设项目资金到位率中房建止跌回升，非 房建持续改善，实物工作量中沥青开工率回升，或与新型政策性金融工具即将下达有关。 第三， 两个价格指数也均有上行，消费品价格预期较中间品改善幅度更明显，这意味着在企业眼中，未来消费品价 格会有所好转。这一 ...

Group 1 - The macro growth factor continues to rise, while inflation indicators show a weakening rebound, with domestic CPI turning negative at -0.4% and PPI's decline narrowing to -2.9%, indicating persistent internal demand issues [4] - The Federal Reserve's interest rate cut expectations are driving upward global liquidity expectations, benefiting Asian equity markets, with the Korean Composite Index rising by 5.94% and the Hang Seng Tech Index by 5.31% [4][9] - The A-share market shows a preference for growth styles, with the Sci-Tech 50 Index increasing by 5.48%, while small-cap indices outperform large-cap blue chips [4] Group 2 - Recommendations for asset allocation include favoring high-grade credit bonds in the bond market, adjusting duration flexibly, and focusing on bank and insurance sector movements [5] - In the overseas equity market, the report suggests monitoring interest rate-sensitive sectors due to limited short-term rebound potential for the dollar and significantly raised interest rate cut expectations [5] - For gold, it is recommended to increase allocations to gold and silver as they are core assets during the interest rate cut cycle, with expectations for Shanghai gold to break previous highs [5] Group 3 - The report indicates that the overall liquidity environment remains supportive for market valuation recovery and structural trends, with a significant decrease in average daily trading volume in the A-share market [56] - The A-share valuation levels have increased, with the price-to-earnings ratio rising to 50.38 times and the price-to-book ratio reaching 5.60 times, suggesting that market expectations for future corporate earnings may be overly optimistic [60] - The report highlights that the earnings expectations for A-shares are weaker than historical averages, with a projected rolling one-year earnings growth rate of 10.3% and revenue growth rate of 5.9% [61]

Group 1 - Since the end of July, government bond futures have shown weak fluctuations, with the "stock-bond seesaw" effect becoming prominent, and the bond market is under pressure due to the CSRC's proposed regulations on fund redemption fees [1][3] - In August, China's exports increased by 4.4% year-on-year, while imports grew by 1.3%, indicating a potential decline in export growth in the future due to the release of transshipment demand [1] - The bond market is currently sensitive to negative news and less responsive to positive developments, reflecting a weak market sentiment, especially in the long end of the yield curve [3] Group 2 - The macroeconomic narrative is more favorable for the stock market, with core economic indicators showing volatility, while the bond market faces challenges due to the current economic phase and rising inflation expectations [2] - The central bank's recent shift in monetary policy language suggests a focus on implementing existing policies rather than introducing new ones, which may impact credit expansion and the bond market [2] - The recent regulatory changes regarding redemption fees for bond funds could lead to increased costs for investors, further pressuring the bond market [3]

Credit and Financing Trends - In July, new credit decreased by 500 billion, marking a year-on-year reduction of 3.1 trillion under a low base[3] - Household loans saw a net decrease of 489.3 billion, with a year-on-year drop of 279.3 billion, indicating ongoing debt cycle contraction influenced by the real estate market[3] - Corporate medium and long-term loans decreased by 260 billion, with a year-on-year reduction of 390 billion, reflecting strict control over new hidden debt in traditional infrastructure investments[3] Social Financing and Government Support - New social financing in July reached 1.16 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 386.4 billion, primarily supported by government debt financing[3] - New government bonds issued amounted to 1.24 trillion, with a year-on-year increase of 555.9 billion, highlighting the government's role in boosting social financing[3] - Corporate bond financing increased by 279.1 billion, a year-on-year rise of 75.5 billion, as companies turned to bonds as an alternative to loans[3] Monetary Supply and Market Dynamics - M2 growth rebounded to 8.8%, a 0.5 percentage point increase, the highest since 2024, indicating a synchronized high growth trend with social financing[4] - Non-bank financial institutions saw a significant deposit increase of 1.39 trillion, suggesting a flow of wealth into capital markets[4] - M1 also rose by 1.0 percentage point to 5.6%, the highest since March 2023, reflecting improved corporate revenues and consumer spending[4]

Economic Indicators - The 1-year Federal Reserve Financial Conditions Index (FCI-G Index) dropped to -0.4, the lowest since July of last year, indicating strong monetary policy support for corporate output and employment[9] - The 3-year FCI-G Index fell to -0.7, the lowest since April 2022, suggesting limited necessity for rate cuts compared to last year[9] Market Trends - As of August 8, the S&P 500 Index EPS growth reached 10%, significantly exceeding the expected 4%, reflecting robust U.S. economic growth[10] - Broad dollar speculative positions shifted from short to long, with net long positions reaching 31,000 contracts, the highest since April this year[10] Credit Market Developments - The proportion of banks tightening credit standards for large and medium-sized enterprises decreased from 18.5% to 9.5%, and for small enterprises from 15.9% to 8.2%[21] - The European Central Bank's deposit facility rate was reduced from 2.75% to 2%, yet broad credit expansion remains sluggish, with Eurozone M3 growth dropping to 3.3%, the lowest since September last year[17] Risk Premiums - The equity risk premium (ERP) for the CSI 300 Index is at 5.1%, one standard deviation above the 16-year average, indicating potential for valuation uplift[22] - The 10-year Chinese government bond arbitrage return is at 19 basis points, 49 basis points higher than December 2016 levels, suggesting favorable conditions for leveraged bond market strategies[27] Currency and Commodity Insights - The 3-month USD/JPY basis swap stood at -17.9 basis points, indicating a relaxed offshore dollar financing environment post-tariff adjustments[29] - The copper-to-gold price ratio fell to 2.9, while the offshore RMB exchange rate rose to 7.2, signaling diverging trends in global demand and currency valuation[34]

Core Viewpoint - The latest credit and social financing data from the central bank indicates strong growth in new RMB loans and social financing in Q1, reflecting effective macroeconomic policies aimed at stabilizing growth and credit expansion, although structural issues in credit demand persist [1][2][4]. Group 1: Credit and Social Financing Data - In Q1, new RMB loans increased by 8.34 trillion yuan, up 663.6 billion yuan year-on-year, with March alone contributing 3.13 trillion yuan, aligning with expectations [1][2]. - The total social financing increment reached 12.06 trillion yuan in Q1, a year-on-year increase of 1.77 trillion yuan, with March's figure at 4.65 trillion yuan, significantly exceeding market expectations [1][2]. - The broad money supply (M2) grew by 9.7% year-on-year by the end of March, reflecting a 0.5 percentage point increase, indicating a rapid recovery [1]. Group 2: Structural Issues in Credit Demand - Despite strong total credit data, there remains a lack of effective credit demand from the real economy, particularly in investment and consumption from both enterprises and households [3][4]. - In March, household loans showed a positive growth trend but were still down by 394 billion yuan year-on-year, with short-term and medium-to-long-term loans decreasing by 139.4 billion yuan and 250.4 billion yuan, respectively [3]. - Corporate loans increased significantly, but the growth was primarily driven by short-term loans and bill financing, indicating weak long-term investment intentions from enterprises, with medium-to-long-term loans only slightly increasing by 14.8 billion yuan [3]. Group 3: Policy Implications - The importance of structural monetary policy tools is increasing, as the current economic environment necessitates a focus on targeted measures rather than relying solely on broad credit expansion [4][6]. - Analysts suggest that the second quarter may present a window for reserve requirement ratio cuts, but interest rate reductions face challenges due to narrowing or inverted US-China interest rate differentials [5]. - The central bank's approach will likely involve maintaining reasonable liquidity while ensuring stability in foreign trade and investment, with a focus on structural tools that directly impact the loan market [5][6].

Group 1 - The current "anti-involution" theme has a broader industry coverage compared to the supply-side reform from 2015-2018, including sectors like photovoltaic, new energy vehicles, steel, coal, building materials, basic chemicals, and pig farming [22][23][28] - The steel and coal industries are transitioning from passive destocking to active restocking, with steel profitability already improving, while photovoltaic and medical devices show stronger demand for "anti-involution" [27][28] - The report highlights that the photovoltaic and medical device sectors are in an active destocking phase, with high potential for price rebound if successful [27][28] Group 2 - The equity market is experiencing a slight decline in sentiment, with expectations for a high-level fluctuation in August, as the overall financial and industrial sentiment has decreased [31][32] - The 10Y government bond yield is expected to slightly decline to 1.70% in August, influenced by factors such as economic growth and inflation [50][53] - The real estate sector is under increasing demand-side pressure, with the industry pressure index rising slightly to 0.597, indicating a potential worsening of the market situation [69][71] Group 3 - The report recommends focusing on high win-rate and high payout industries, including computer, electric equipment and new energy, non-ferrous metals, agriculture, transportation, and light manufacturing [4] - The "clearing reversal" strategy suggests investing in industries that are at the end of the clearing phase, with rising demand and improved competitive landscape, such as oil and petrochemicals, non-ferrous metals, and utilities [4][88] - The report emphasizes the importance of monitoring the performance of small-cap stocks, which have shown a slight increase in attention compared to large-cap stocks [87][88]

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) is conducting a 400 billion MLF operation to maintain liquidity in the banking system, marking the fifth consecutive month of increased operations [1][2]. Group 1: Monetary Policy Actions - On July 25, PBOC will conduct a 400 billion MLF operation with a one-year term, resulting in a net injection of 1000 billion due to 3000 billion MLF maturing this month [1][2]. - The total net liquidity injection in July reached 3000 billion, which is comparable to the previous month's 3180 billion [2][4]. - The central bank's actions are aimed at stabilizing medium-term liquidity and ensuring smooth funding conditions [2][4]. Group 2: Economic Analysis - Analysts suggest that the ongoing net liquidity injection is driven by two main factors: the rapid issuance of government bonds and an accelerated pace of credit extension, necessitating coordination between monetary and fiscal policies [2][4]. - The PBOC's continued use of quantity-based tools signals a supportive monetary policy, which is intended to stabilize market expectations and create a favorable environment for credit expansion [2][4]. Group 3: Market Outlook - In the short term, the probability of interest rate cuts is low, but the monetary policy will remain proactive under the broader goal of expanding domestic demand and stabilizing growth [3][4]. - The MLF operations are expected to continue with increased volumes, alongside timely injections of medium to long-term funds through reverse repos [4]. - The bond market is experiencing adjustments due to tight funding conditions and shifting market risk preferences, with yields on government bonds rising [5].

Report Summary 1) Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided 2) Core View of the Report In June, domestic financial data showed marginal improvement in real - sector financing demand under policy stimulus. The year - on - year decrease in medium - and long - term corporate loans ended, and there was a slight increase in short - term and medium - and long - term household loans. National subsidies and policy - based financial instruments may drive continuous credit expansion. The State Council executive meeting this week mentioned policies to strengthen the domestic cycle, with boosting domestic demand and the new energy industry as current policy priorities. The US Beige Book indicated a slight increase in economic activity but high uncertainty, along with a small decline in manufacturing activity and rising cost pressure. The US CPI rose as expected in June, and the market is most expecting a rate cut in September. Without negative news, market sentiment is positive, with daily trading volume of the entire A - share market around 1.5 trillion yuan and a net inflow of margin trading balance of about 30 billion yuan this week. The broad - based indices of Shanghai and Shenzhen recovered after a decline, and all four major broad - based indices had four consecutive weekly gains. This week, except for the relatively small increase of the Shanghai Composite 50 Index, the mid - to small - cap and micro - cap indices had similar increases, with the 300 - 2000 indices rising 1% - 2%. In terms of basis, the index increase slowed down this week, and the basis fluctuated little, remaining basically the same as last week. IF returned to a slight discount, and the annualized discounts of IC and IM were around 8% and 11% respectively. Except for the expired July contracts, the term structure of other contracts was basically the same as last week, and a diversified term selection strategy could still be maintained [2] 3) Summary by Related Catalogs This Week's Review - Policy stimulus led to marginal improvement in real - sector financing demand in June, with changes in corporate and household loans. National subsidies and policy - based financial instruments may drive credit expansion. The State Council executive meeting focused on policies to strengthen the domestic cycle [2] - The US Beige Book showed a slight increase in economic activity, high uncertainty, a decline in manufacturing, and rising cost pressure. The US CPI rose as expected in June, and the market anticipates a September rate cut [2] - Market sentiment was positive, with daily trading volume around 1.5 trillion yuan and a net inflow of margin trading balance of about 30 billion yuan. The broad - based indices recovered after a decline, and all four major broad - based indices had four consecutive weekly gains. Mid - to small - cap and micro - cap indices had similar increases, with the 300 - 2000 indices rising 1% - 2% [2] - In terms of basis, the index increase slowed, and the basis fluctuated little, remaining basically the same as last week. IF returned to a slight discount, and the annualized discounts of IC and IM were around 8% and 11% respectively. The term structure of non - expired contracts was basically the same as last week [2] Next Week's Forecast - The model predicts that the basis of IH, IF, IC, and IM will strengthen next week [4]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The macroeconomic data for May 2025 in China shows structural differentiation, with consumption outperforming expectations while investment and exports weaken, leading to a steady slowdown in industrial production [2][11] - The automotive industry remains resilient due to improved consumer spending, despite a decline in retail sales growth [4][6] Core Insights and Arguments Industrial Production - In May 2025, the industrial added value growth rate was 5.8%, a slight decline from the previous month, influenced by a slowdown in exports [3] - Labor-intensive manufacturing saw a decrease in growth rate by 0.2 percentage points to 6.9% [3] - Traditional infrastructure and real estate-related sectors, such as black metals and non-metallic mineral products, experienced weakened production [3] Consumption Data - Retail sales of consumer goods grew by 6.4% year-on-year in May, exceeding market expectations and marking a new high for the year [5] - Categories such as home appliances and communication equipment showed significant growth, reflecting the release of policy dividends [5] - The automotive retail growth rate was only 1.1%, indicating a price contraction despite a sales growth of 11.13% [6] Fixed Asset Investment - Fixed asset investment growth continued to decline to 3.7%, with manufacturing, infrastructure, and real estate investments all weakening [7] - Real estate investment saw a cumulative year-on-year decline of 11.1%, significantly dragging down overall investment performance [7] Real Estate Market - The real estate market showed slight recovery on the supply side, but demand remained weak, with both sales area and sales revenue declining year-on-year [8] - The price index for second-hand residential properties continued to show negative growth, although the rate of decline has narrowed [8] Price Levels and Inflation Risks - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) remained flat, while the Producer Price Index (PPI) continued to decline, indicating a widening gap between the two [9] - The PPI for production materials saw an expanded decline, raising concerns about deflation risks and the impact of price levels on corporate profitability [9] Other Important Insights - The financial data indicates that while social financing growth remains resilient, credit expansion has not significantly started [12] - Government fiscal data shows a decline in both revenue and expenditure growth, with a notable increase in the fiscal deficit scale, reaching a six-year high [14][15] - The government’s reliance on non-tax revenue has decreased, with non-tax revenue turning negative for the first time since 2024 [14] - The employment market showed marginal improvement, with the urban unemployment rate slightly decreasing to 5.0% [9] Conclusion - The macroeconomic landscape in May 2025 reflects a complex interplay of strong consumer demand against a backdrop of weakening investment and export performance, with significant implications for future economic policy and investment strategies [17]