事件 ：9月17日，财政部公布2025年前8月财政收支情况。1-8月，全国一般公共预算收入148198亿元，同比增长 0.3%；全国一般公共预算支出179324亿元，同比增长3.1%。 核心观点：广义财政支出继续降速，财政"工具箱"或有多种手段对冲下行压力 广义财政收入下滑，支出明显回落，前8月预算完成度低于过去五年平均水平。 2025年8月，广义财政收入同比 0.3%，较7月同比下降3.3个百分点；广义财政支出同比6%，较7月同比下降6.1个百分点。前8月广义财政收入预 算完成61.9%，略低于过去五年62.7%的平均水平；广义财政支出预算完成57.3%，略低于过去五年平均58.8%。 广义财政支出继续降速，或主因政府债务融资大规模支持阶段已过。 截至8月底，国债净融资+新增一般债+新 增专项债累计发行8.5万亿（含特别国债），发行进度72%，较2024年同期快近4个百分点。同时，特别国债支持 的注资商业银行、"两重"项目、设备更新等领域已基本下达完毕。这或指向政府债务资金对广义财政支出的大 规模支持已接近尾声。 后续既有财政资金对经济支持力度或趋弱。 当前，新增政府债务发行接近尾声，政府债务对财政支出的大 ...

Core Viewpoint - The broad fiscal expenditure continues to slow down, and the fiscal "toolbox" may have various means to counteract downward pressure on the economy [2][3][55] Group 1: Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure Overview - From January to August 2025, the national general public budget revenue was 148,198 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.3%, while the expenditure was 179,324 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.1% [9][55] - In August 2025, broad fiscal revenue grew by 0.3% year-on-year, a decrease of 3.3 percentage points compared to July, while broad fiscal expenditure increased by 6%, down 6.1 percentage points from July [2][10] - The completion rate of the broad fiscal revenue budget for the first eight months was 61.9%, slightly lower than the five-year average of 62.7%, and the expenditure completion rate was 57.3%, also below the five-year average of 58.8% [2][10][55] Group 2: Government Debt and Fiscal Support - The slowdown in broad fiscal expenditure is likely due to the end of the large-scale support phase from government debt financing. As of the end of August, the net financing of national bonds, new general bonds, and new special bonds totaled 8.5 trillion yuan, with a 72% issuance progress, nearly 4 percentage points faster than the same period in 2024 [2][15][56] - The issuance of special bonds supporting various sectors has largely been completed, indicating that the large-scale support from government debt funds for broad fiscal expenditure is nearing its end [15][56] Group 3: Economic Growth and Future Outlook - The support from fiscal funds for the economy may weaken in the future, as the issuance of new government debt approaches its end, making it difficult for broad fiscal expenditure to maintain high growth rates [3][19] - Factors such as the preemptive demand from "old-for-new" and "equipment updates" have been impacted by promotional activities and a "window period" for national subsidies, leading to a decline in retail growth and investment in equipment purchases [3][19] - Historical experience suggests that fiscal measures may include two types of policies: incremental policies that do not require budget adjustments and new government debt limits that require approval from the National People's Congress [24][56] Group 4: Government Fund Revenue and Expenditure Trends - Government fund revenue has significantly declined, dragging down the growth rate of broad fiscal revenue. In August 2025, government fund revenue fell by 5.7% year-on-year, while general fiscal revenue increased by 2% [2][57] - The decline in government fund expenditure has led to a further decrease in the growth rate of broad fiscal expenditure. In July 2025, broad fiscal expenditure grew by 12.1% year-on-year, down 5.5 percentage points from June [4][41] - The completion rate of government fund expenditure in August 2025 was 6.7%, lower than the five-year average of 7% [50][57]

Fiscal Performance - Cumulative broad fiscal expenditure from January to August decreased year-on-year to 8.9%, with August showing a decline to 6%[3] - National general public budget revenue reached 14.8 trillion yuan, growing by 0.3% year-on-year, while expenditure was 17.9 trillion yuan, increasing by 3.1%[7] Revenue Trends - Tax revenue in August continued to show positive growth for five consecutive months, with a year-on-year increase of 3.7%, while non-tax revenue fell by 3.8%[10] - The structure of tax revenue in August revealed significant contributions from securities transaction stamp duty, which surged by 226% year-on-year, contributing 1.4 percentage points to overall tax revenue growth[10] Expenditure Insights - August's broad fiscal expenditure fell by 5.8% year-on-year, with public fiscal expenditure down by 0.6% and government fund expenditure declining by 19.9%[10] - Key areas such as social security and education maintained high growth rates, with expenditures increasing by 10.9% and 4.0% respectively[10] Land Sales and Debt - Revenue from land sales turned negative again in August, decreasing by 5.4% year-on-year, although overall land transaction values showed a 2% increase compared to last year[10] - The issuance of special bonds and treasury bonds supported fund expenditures, with actual issuance from January to August reaching 4.8 trillion yuan, up by 1.6 trillion yuan year-on-year[10] Debt Management - The government debt showed negative growth in August, indicating potential downward pressure on fiscal expenditure growth due to last year's high base[10] - The net financing of government debt from January to August was 4.3 trillion yuan, with expectations of a decline of 1.4 trillion yuan from September to December[10]

Revenue and Expenditure Trends - From January to August 2025, the combined revenue growth rate of the first and second accounts was 0% (previous value 0%) while the combined expenditure growth rate was 8.9% (previous value 9.3%) indicating stable revenue and a slight slowdown in expenditure growth[2] - The revenue improvement was primarily driven by a significant increase in stamp duty, which contributed 0.8 percentage points to the overall tax revenue growth[5] Tax Revenue Insights - Stamp duty (including securities transaction stamp duty) saw a year-on-year growth of 27.4% (previous value 20.7%), with securities transaction stamp duty increasing by 81.7% (previous value 62.5%)[15] - The number of new A-share accounts opened in August reached 2.6503 million, a 165% increase compared to the same period last year, reflecting strong market activity[15] Government Fund and Land Revenue - Government fund revenue showed a cumulative growth rate of -1.4% (previous value -0.7%), with land transfer revenue in August amounting to 231.3 billion yuan (previous value 267.9 billion yuan) and a cumulative growth rate of -4.7% (previous value -4.6%) indicating seasonal low performance[17] - The land market's performance is expected to depend heavily on the recovery of the real estate market, which currently shows weak demand[17] Debt Issuance and Expenditure Dynamics - The issuance of government bonds slowed down, with a total of 10.46 trillion yuan issued from January to August, representing a progress rate of 66.4%, which is lower than the previous year's rate by 1.9 percentage points[20] - Expenditure growth for the first account was 3.1% (previous value 3.4%), while the second account's expenditure growth rate was 30% (previous value 31.7%) indicating a slight decline in expenditure growth due to the slowdown in special bond issuance[21] Economic Risks - Risks include the potential for domestic economic recovery to fall short of expectations, policy implementation delays, and significant weaknesses in the real estate market[23]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the fiscal revenue and expenditure situation in China for the first seven months of 2025, highlighting a slight increase in revenue but a notable decrease in expenditure growth, particularly in government debt support, while spending on people's livelihoods and service sectors is accelerating [2][3][69]. Group 1: Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure Overview - From January to July 2025, the national general public budget revenue reached 135,839 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.1%, while expenditure was 160,737 billion yuan, up 3.4% year-on-year [2][8]. - In July 2025, broad fiscal revenue grew by 3.6% year-on-year, an increase of 0.8 percentage points compared to June, while broad fiscal expenditure rose by 12.1%, a decrease of 5.5 percentage points from June [3][9][70]. - The completion rate of the broad fiscal revenue budget for the first seven months was 56.3%, in line with the average of the past five years, while the expenditure completion rate was 51%, slightly below the average of 51.7% [3][9][70]. Group 2: Changes in Fiscal Support and Spending - The slowdown in broad fiscal expenditure growth may be partly due to the end of large-scale government debt financing support, with a fiscal revenue deficit of 5.6 trillion yuan in July, only increasing by 0.4 trillion yuan from June [3][14][70]. - The National Development and Reform Commission announced that the 1,880 billion yuan investment subsidy for equipment updates supported by long-term special bonds had been fully allocated, indicating a reduction in government debt support for fiscal expenditure [3][14][70]. Group 3: Sector-Specific Spending Trends - Despite the overall decline in broad fiscal expenditure growth, spending related to people's livelihoods and service sectors has accelerated, with health and social security employment expenditures growing by 14.2% and 13.1% respectively, significantly higher than in June [4][20][71]. - Expenditures in cultural tourism, media, and education also saw increases, with growth rates of 7% and 4.6%, respectively, both improving compared to June [4][20][71]. - The structure of fiscal expenditure is expected to become more differentiated, particularly with the implementation of policies such as childcare subsidies and dual interest subsidies [4][26][71].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles emphasizes the implementation of more proactive fiscal policies to support stable economic operations in China [1][3][5] - In the first seven months of this year, the total revenue from broad finance was approximately 15.9 trillion yuan, remaining stable compared to the same period last year, while expenditures reached about 21.5 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of approximately 9.3% [1][2] - The fiscal expenditure exceeded revenue by about 5.6 trillion yuan, marking a year-on-year increase of approximately 47%, indicating a significant expansion of fiscal policy [1][2] Group 2 - Tax revenue, often referred to as the "economic barometer," has shown improvement, with stable growth in VAT and a significant increase in securities transaction stamp duty due to active stock market transactions [2][3] - Local government land transfer income has also shown signs of recovery, with land transfer revenue for the first seven months amounting to approximately 1.7 trillion yuan, down 4.6% year-on-year, indicating a narrowing decline [2][3] - The net financing of government bonds reached 8.9 trillion yuan in the first seven months, supporting broad fiscal expenditures, particularly in the areas of social security, education, and healthcare [3][4] Group 3 - The central government has accelerated the issuance of special bonds and policy financial tools, which is expected to maintain a certain level of fiscal expenditure [3][4] - The fiscal policy is projected to continue supporting economic growth, with adjusted fiscal expenditure growth rates estimated between 4.1% and 6.7% for the second half of the year, aligning with economic growth targets of 4.7% to 4.8% [4][5] - The Ministry of Finance has indicated that it will utilize more proactive fiscal policies and reserve tools to address uncertainties and stabilize employment, businesses, and market expectations [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the implementation of more proactive fiscal policies in China, which are contributing to stable economic performance, as evidenced by the fiscal data for the first seven months of the year [1][4]. Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure - In the first seven months of this year, the total general fiscal revenue was approximately 15.9 trillion yuan, remaining stable compared to the same period last year [1]. - General fiscal expenditure reached about 21.5 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year increase of approximately 9.3% [1]. - The fiscal expenditure exceeded revenue by about 5.6 trillion yuan, marking a year-on-year increase of approximately 47% [1]. Tax Revenue Trends - Tax revenue, often referred to as the "economic barometer," has shown improvement, with stable growth in VAT and significant increases in securities transaction stamp duty due to active stock market trading [2]. - The decline in tax revenue has narrowed, with a year-on-year decrease of only 0.3% for the first seven months, compared to a 3.5% decline in the first quarter [1][2]. Land Sales and Local Government Revenue - The revenue from land sales, a component of local government funds, was approximately 1.7 trillion yuan in the first seven months, reflecting a year-on-year decline of 4.6% [3]. - Major cities have increased the supply of quality land to stabilize the real estate market, contributing to a recovery in land sale revenues [2]. Government Debt and Financing - The net financing of government bonds reached 8.9 trillion yuan in the first seven months, an increase of 4.88 trillion yuan year-on-year [4]. - The government is accelerating bond issuance to maintain fiscal expenditure levels, particularly in social welfare sectors such as social security, education, and healthcare [4]. Future Fiscal Policy Outlook - The central government plans to continue implementing proactive fiscal policies and moderate monetary policies to support economic growth and social stability [6]. - Despite concerns about potential reductions in fiscal spending in the second half of the year, estimates suggest that the adjusted fiscal expenditure growth rate could remain between 4.1% and 6.7% [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the fiscal revenue and expenditure situation in China for the first seven months of 2025, highlighting a slowdown in fiscal expenditure growth while expenditures related to people's livelihoods and the service industry are accelerating [2][3][69]. Group 1: Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure Overview - From January to July 2025, the national general public budget revenue reached 135,839 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.1%, while expenditure was 160,737 billion yuan, up 3.4% year-on-year [2][8]. - In July 2025, the broad fiscal revenue grew by 3.6% year-on-year, an increase of 0.8 percentage points compared to June, while broad fiscal expenditure rose by 12.1%, a decrease of 5.5 percentage points from June [3][9][70]. - The completion rate of the broad fiscal revenue budget for the first seven months was 56.3%, in line with the average level of the past five years, while the expenditure completion rate was 51%, slightly below the average of 51.7% [3][9][70]. Group 2: Changes in Fiscal Support - The slowdown in broad fiscal expenditure growth may be partly due to the end of the large-scale support phase from government debt financing [3][14][70]. - By July 2025, the broad fiscal revenue and expenditure gap reached -5.6 trillion yuan, with only a 0.4 trillion yuan increase from June, indicating a potential reduction in government debt support [3][14][70]. - The National Development and Reform Commission announced that the 1,880 billion yuan investment subsidy for equipment updates supported by ultra-long-term special bonds had been fully allocated, suggesting a decrease in government debt funding for fiscal expenditures [3][14][70]. Group 3: Sector-Specific Expenditure Trends - Despite the overall decline in broad fiscal expenditure growth, expenditures related to people's livelihoods and the service industry have significantly accelerated [4][20][71]. - In July 2025, the growth rates for health and social employment expenditures were 14.2% and 13.1%, respectively, both showing substantial increases from June [4][20][71]. - Expenditures in cultural tourism, media, and education also saw growth rates of 7% and 4.6%, respectively, with increases of 3.8 and 2.2 percentage points from June [4][20][71]. Group 4: Revenue Composition and Trends - The broad fiscal revenue continued to show improvement, with a year-on-year increase of 3.6% in July 2025, driven by a 2.6% increase in general fiscal revenue and an 8.9% increase in government fund revenue [5][27][72]. - The completion rate of the broad fiscal revenue budget in July was 8.5%, higher than 7.8% in 2024 but slightly below the five-year average of 8.9% [5][27][72]. - The decline in land transfer income has contributed to the slowdown in government fund revenue growth, which was 8.9% year-on-year in July, down 11.9 percentage points from June [33][38][72].

Revenue Analysis - In the first seven months of 2025, the national general public budget revenue reached CNY 135,839 billion, with a year-on-year growth of 0.1%[3] - Tax revenue showed a narrowing decline, with individual income tax increasing by 8.8%, significantly higher than the overall tax growth rate[3] - Non-tax revenue growth slowed down compared to the previous months, indicating challenges in asset management by local governments[3] Expenditure Analysis - Public fiscal expenditure for the same period was CNY 160,737 billion, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 3.4%[4] - Social security and employment expenditures grew by 9.8%, highlighting a focus on livelihood over infrastructure[4] - Infrastructure spending continued to decline, with negative growth in urban and rural community investments[4] Government Fund Performance - Government fund revenue decreased by 0.7%, while expenditures surged by 31.7%, primarily due to accelerated disbursement of special bonds[5] - The overall broad fiscal expenditure (public fiscal expenditure + government fund expenditure) increased by 9.3% year-on-year[5] Fiscal Progress - By July 2025, the national general public budget revenue completion rate was 61.8%, below the five-year average of 63.5%[3] - Public fiscal expenditure completion rate stood at 54.1%, also lower than the five-year average of 54.7%[4] Risk Factors - Economic environment changes could significantly impact tax revenue bases, while unexpected policy changes may alter fiscal expenditure patterns[6]

Fiscal Performance - General fiscal expenditure cumulative year-on-year growth reached 9.3%, aligning with the annual budget level[3] - General fiscal revenue for January to July was 13.6 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.1%, while expenditure was 16.1 trillion yuan, up 3.4%[6] - In July, general fiscal revenue increased by 3.4% year-on-year, while expenditure decreased by 12.4%[9] Revenue and Taxation - Tax revenue has shown positive year-on-year growth for four consecutive months, with July's tax revenue increasing by 4.6%[9] - Major tax categories such as VAT, consumption tax, corporate income tax, and personal income tax grew by 4.3%, 5.4%, 6.4%, and 13.9% respectively[9] - Non-tax revenue saw a decline, with July's non-tax revenue down 12.4% year-on-year[9] Expenditure Trends - Social security, health, and education expenditures increased significantly, with year-on-year growth rates of 13.1%, 14.2%, and 4.6% respectively[9] - Infrastructure spending has been reduced, with traditional infrastructure sectors showing negative growth[9] - Debt interest payments rose to 8.9% year-on-year, indicating increasing pressure on debt management[9] Land Sales and Special Bonds - Land sale revenue continued to show positive growth, increasing by 7% year-on-year, supported by active land market transactions[9] - Special bonds and specific government bonds have significantly bolstered fund expenditures, with fund spending growing by 31.7% year-on-year[9] Government Debt and Future Outlook - The front-loading of government debt has boosted fiscal expenditure, but expectations for economic stability still require fiscal support[9] - Excluding capital injections and debt relief funds, general fiscal expenditure growth would drop from 9.3% to 2.9%[9] - The net financing of government debt is expected to decrease in the second half of the year, impacting local government cash flow and economic indicators[9]