证券研究报告 | 2025年07月06日 宏观经济宏观周报 高频指标逆季节性上升 主要结论：高频指标逆季节性上升。 风险提示：海外市场动荡，存在不确定性。 经济增长方面，本周(7 月 4 日所在周）国信高频宏观扩散指数 A 由负转正， 指数 B 有所回升。从分项来看，本周投资领域景气有所回升，消费、房地产 领域景气基本保持不变，本周投资表现较优。从季节性比较来看，本周指数 B 标准化后逆季节性上升 0.14，表现优于历史平均水平，指向国内经济增长 动能有所改善。 核心观点 经济研究·宏观周报 S0980516060001 S0980524090003 证券分析师：李智能 证券分析师：田地 0755-22940456 0755-81982035 lizn@guosen.com.cn tiandi2@guosen.com.cn 证券分析师：董德志 021-60933158 dongdz@guosen.com.cn S0980513100001 基于国信高频宏观扩散指数对资产价格进行预测，显示当前国内利率偏低， 上证综合指数偏高，从均值回归的角度看，预计下周（2025 年 7 月 11 日所 在周）十年期国债利率将 ...

Global Asset Price Performance - Global bond yields have generally risen, with the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield increasing by 6 basis points due to strong employment data reducing rate cut expectations [1] - Major global stock markets showed mixed performance, with the S&P 500, Dow Jones, and Nasdaq indices rising by 1.7%, 2.3%, and 1.6% respectively [1][3] - Commodity prices for gold and crude oil have rebounded this week, while the U.S. dollar index fell by 0.1% [1] Major Central Bank Monetary Policies - Strong employment data has led to a decrease in rate cut expectations from the Federal Reserve, with the probability of a rate cut in July dropping from 20.7% to 4.7% [4] - The Bank of Japan's governor indicated that while inflation is above the 2% target, the underlying inflation rate remains slightly below target, reducing expectations for rate hikes [4] U.S. Economic Dynamics - In June, non-farm payrolls increased by 147,000, with government jobs contributing half of the new positions, while private sector job growth slowed significantly [12] - The unemployment rate decreased to 4.1%, but the labor force participation rate fell to 62.3%, indicating a trend of cooling employment [12] - The ISM Manufacturing PMI rose slightly to 49, but new orders continued to contract for the fifth consecutive month due to tariff policies [12] Economic Dynamics in Other Regions - Eurozone inflation has shown signs of stabilizing, with the CPI rising slightly to 2%, and the ECB is expected to consider a rate cut by the end of the year [29] - In the UK, a failed welfare reform has raised concerns about potential tax increases and borrowing, leading to a significant rise in long-term bond yields [29] - Japan's consumer spending increased by 4.7% year-on-year in May, driven by higher expenditures on automobiles and dining out [30]

随着特朗普政府的大规模减税与支出法案正式落地，为弥补未来数万亿美元的财政赤字，美国财政部或将开启短期国债的"供应洪流"。 市场已经开始对未来的供应压力做出反应。对短期国债供过于求的担忧，已直接体现在价格上—— 1个月期短期国债的收益率自本周一以来已出现明显上涨 。 这标志着市场焦点已从今年早些时候对30年期长债的抛售担忧，彻底转向了前端利率曲线。 万亿赤字压顶，美国短期国债市场将迎"供应洪流" 供应闸门即将大开，市场的承接能力成为新的核心议题。目前，市场对此似乎抱有信心，其底气来源于货币市场中积压的巨量流动性。 先看供给端。 目前，美国财政部借款顾问委员会（TBAC）建议的短期国债占未偿还债务总额的比例上限为20%左右。但美银的利率策略师团队预测，为消化 新增赤字，这一比例可能很快将攀升至25%。这意味着，市场需要准备好迎接远超官方建议水平的短期票据供应。 新法案的落地，首先带来的是对未来财政状况的严峻预期。据无党派的国会预算办公室（CBO）测算，该法案将在2025至2034财年间，为美国增加高达3.4万 亿美元的国家赤字。 面对巨大的融资需求，发行短期国债成为一个兼具成本效益与决策层偏好的选择。 首先，从成 ...

前言 近期美股市场风云变化，经济数据、国际谈判、科技创新、降息预期轮番登场。 今天就带大家快速梳理一下最近美股的核心动向，以及对全球资产配置的几点思考。 经济数据与国际谈判双重驱动 首先看纳指和美股。美股的表现主要和美国经济息息相关，最近美国的经济状况还是比较好的。美国近 期与多个国家的谈判进展也算有些成果，尤其是和加拿大的数字税争议已经解决，双方恢复了谈判。与 美国的盟友，尤其是欧盟的关系也有了一定的妥协，这使得美国在国际事务中收获了一些利益。相比之 下，美国与日本的谈判仍然较为僵持，这也值得关注。 从财报角度来看，尽管PCE通胀再次回升至2.7%，市场对降息的预期受到了一定影响。 但值得一提的是，美国的经济数据仍然超预期，消费者信心、ISM PMI等指标均表现强劲。鲍威尔也表 态，如果不是关税因素影响，美联储很可能会继续降息，但他也无法确定7月份是否会降息，因此大家 还需要继续关注数据。 马斯克和懂王再次开战，意味着什么？ 谈到美国的赤字问题，马斯克与川普之间的矛盾非常尖锐。马斯克一直强调，美国不能继续以高额债务 运转，否则会带来严重的经济后果。然而川普似乎并不认同，尤其是推动了"美丽法案"来增加财政支 ...

Core Viewpoint - The implementation of the large-scale tax cuts and spending bill by the Trump administration is expected to lead to a significant increase in the supply of short-term Treasury bonds to address future fiscal deficits, potentially amounting to trillions of dollars [1][3]. Group 1: Fiscal Impact - The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the new legislation will increase the national deficit by up to $3.4 trillion from fiscal years 2025 to 2034 [3]. - The U.S. Treasury may initiate a "supply flood" of short-term bonds to manage the substantial financing needs arising from this deficit [1][3]. Group 2: Market Reactions - Concerns about oversupply in the short-term bond market have already manifested in rising yields, with one-month Treasury yields increasing significantly since the beginning of the week [1]. - The market's focus has shifted from concerns about long-term bonds to the implications of short-term bond supply and demand dynamics [5]. Group 3: Government Strategy - Issuing short-term bonds is seen as a cost-effective choice for the government, as the current yields on one-year and shorter bonds are over 4%, yet still lower than the nearly 4.35% yield on ten-year bonds [4]. - The current administration, including President Trump and Treasury Secretary Mnuchin, has expressed a preference for short-term debt issuance over long-term bonds [4]. Group 4: Supply and Demand Dynamics - The Treasury Borrowing Advisory Committee (TBAC) suggests that short-term bonds should not exceed 20% of total outstanding debt, but estimates indicate this could rise to 25% to accommodate the new deficit [5]. - There is a substantial demand for front-end debt, supported by approximately $7 trillion in money market funds, which is expected to absorb the increased supply of short-term bonds [5][6].

美国智库曼哈顿研究所高级研究员里德尔表示，这可能是自20世纪60年代以来最昂贵的一项立 法。危险在于，在赤字已经大幅增长的基础上，国会又将增加数万亿美元新借款。曾在奥巴马 总统任期内担任经济顾问委员会主席的杰森·弗曼指出，该法案可能使立法者更难控制债务。 目前，美国国债已高达36.2万亿美元。美国媒体指出， 在美国债务已达历史高位的情况下，该 法案将进一步扩大结构性赤字。"美国日益增长的债务负担将惩罚子孙后代。" 美国国会众议院3日下午以218票赞成、214票反对的表决结果通过了总统特朗普推动的"大而 美"法案。该法案已于本月1日获参议院通过。美国国内担忧该法案将进一步加剧美国财政赤字 与债务风险。 "大而美"法案是特朗普2025年初重返白宫后推出的标志性立法议程。该法案主要内容包括延长 特朗普在其第一个任期内于2017年通过的企业和个人减税措施，让小费和加班工资收入免于纳 税等，其核心条款是降低企业税。 该法案因造成联邦援助削减、长期债务增加和为富人及大企业减税等而备受争议。《纽约时 报》指出，这一法案使美国走上新的、更危险的财政道路。初步分析显示，该法案不仅会在未 来10年使美国赤字增加约3.3万亿美元， ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent U.S. non-farm payroll report is interpreted as a strong signal that the Federal Reserve will not cut interest rates in July, leading to a rise in the dollar index after four consecutive days of decline [1] Economic Indicators - The U.S. inflation rate for May is reported at 2.3%, down from 6.8% three years ago, while the unemployment rate for June stands at 4.1%, up from 3.5% three years ago, indicating increasing pressure on the Federal Reserve [2] - The U.S. GDP growth rate recorded a negative value of -0.5% in Q1 2025, a significant drop from previous values of 2.4% and 3.1%, suggesting a decline in economic vitality [3] Federal Reserve's Policy Considerations - The Federal Reserve's decision to maintain interest rates is influenced by concerns over tariffs and their potential impact on inflation, as well as the need to avoid financing fiscal deficits through monetary policy [4] - The current U.S. national debt has reached $36.2 trillion, with about one-quarter of fiscal revenue allocated to interest payments, prompting the White House to advocate for interest rate cuts to reduce debt servicing costs [3] Political Pressures - The White House expresses dissatisfaction with the Federal Reserve's decision to keep rates unchanged, with President Trump publicly calling for further rate cuts [3] - Potential successors to Fed Chair Powell, such as current Fed Governor Waller and Treasury Secretary Basant, have shown support for quicker rate cuts, indicating internal pressure within the Federal Reserve [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the fluctuations in German government bond yields, highlighting the movements in 10-year, 2-year, and 30-year bonds during the week of July 4, with specific attention to the impact of the U.S. non-farm payroll report on these yields [1]. Summary by Category 10-Year Government Bonds - The yield on German 10-year government bonds decreased by 0.8 basis points to 2.607%, with a cumulative increase of 1.5 basis points for the week [1]. - The yield had previously dropped to 2.542% before rebounding to 2.675% on July 2 [1]. 2-Year Government Bonds - The yield on 2-year German bonds fell by 1.8 basis points to 1.816%, with an overall decline of 4.4 basis points for the week [1]. - The trading range for the 2-year bonds was between 1.875% and 1.799%, with a notable recovery following the U.S. non-farm payroll report on July 3 [1]. - The yield fluctuated below 1.860% from June 30 to July 3, but the rebound was short-lived, leading to further declines on July 4 [1]. 30-Year Government Bonds - The yield on 30-year German bonds increased by 0.9 basis points to 3.087%, with a total rise of 1.7 basis points for the week [1]. Yield Spread - The spread between 2-year and 10-year German bond yields increased by 1.174 basis points to +78.909 basis points, with a cumulative rise of 6.128 basis points for the week [1].

观察者网消息，经过多轮鏖战，特朗普力推的"大而美法案"（One Big Beautiful Bill Act）于当地时间7月3 日在美国国会众议院以218票对214票获得通过。 不出意外，特朗普将在当地时间7月4日如愿签署该法案，将其作为美国独立日的"献礼"。 大规模减税和新增开支所产生的窟窿，部分将通过削减社会福利来填补，这也是该法案备受争议的一点。 批评者指出，美国企业和富人阶层将从该法案中受益，低收入人群则成为最大输家。 另一方面，越滚越大的美债"雪球"，也引发外界对美国财政可持续性的担忧。 "对美国人来说，现在才是最应该感到担心的时刻。"美国问题专家吕祥对观察者网说。他表示，从美国国 内来看，"大而美法案"会恶化其经济环境，增加美国经济前景的不确定性。从全球范围来看，该法案在国 防、能源等领域的布局，会加剧国际地缘政治争斗。 具体而言，特朗普在2017年推出的《减税与就业法》中的大部分减税措施将被"永久化"，并扩大企业税收 优惠，包括将企业税率从2017年减税前的35%永久降至21%。法案将延长或增加针对企业投资的其他税收 优惠，如新机械、设备和研发方面的税收优惠。 长达887页的法案堪称美国近年来最 ...

Core Points - The recent passage of the "Big Beautiful Act" in the U.S. Congress reflects a significant shift towards austerity measures that disproportionately affect lower-income individuals and workers [4][10] - The act extends tax benefits for the wealthy while cutting food assistance and medical subsidies for the poor, indicating a regression to a more conservative societal structure reminiscent of the Cold War era [6][10][11] - The U.S. is facing a growing national debt, nearing $35 trillion, with interest payments exceeding $1 trillion annually, prompting the need for spending cuts [9] Summary by Sections Legislative Changes - The "Big Beautiful Act" passed with a narrow vote of 218 to 214, with no Democratic votes in favor and only two Republicans opposing [4] - Key provisions include the extension of tax benefits for the wealthy and cuts to food assistance and medical subsidies for the poor [4][10] Economic Context - Over the past decade, average wage growth in the U.S. was around 3% annually before the pandemic, but real purchasing power has stagnated despite nominal increases of over 5% in recent years [6] - The wealth of the top 10% of Americans increased by over 15% in the past year, driven by stock market and real estate gains, while lower-income households have seen their savings diminish [7] Social Implications - The cuts to welfare programs, including a 4% reduction in food assistance and over 1% in children's health insurance subsidies, suggest a return to a society where the working poor must work harder for less support [10][11] - The current economic environment is characterized by a strong dollar and high interest rates, which may lead to further cuts in education and housing subsidies if fiscal pressures continue [13] Consumer Sentiment - Despite rising stock markets, consumer confidence remains low, with many Americans expecting negative economic conditions in the near future [15] - The passage of the "Big Beautiful Act" indicates a prioritization of corporate interests and fiscal strength over the welfare of ordinary workers, raising concerns about the long-term societal impact [15][17]