Core Points - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) announced a 600 billion yuan six-month reverse repurchase operation scheduled for October 15, 2025, using a fixed quantity and interest rate bidding method [1] - On the same day, the PBOC conducted a 910 billion yuan seven-day reverse repurchase operation at an interest rate of 1.40% [4] - The liquidity in the financial market showed mixed trends, with the Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate (Shibor) for overnight remaining stable at 1.314% and the seven-day Shibor rising by 4.4 basis points to 1.447% [4] - A report from Huaxi Securities indicated that liquidity is expected to remain stable before the tax period, but the end of October may see increased liquidity pressure due to the overlap of the tax period and month-end [1][4] Summary by Category Monetary Policy - The PBOC will conduct a 600 billion yuan reverse repurchase operation with a six-month term on October 15, 2025, using a fixed quantity and interest rate bidding method [1] - A 910 billion yuan seven-day reverse repurchase operation was conducted on October 14, 2025, at an interest rate of 1.40% [4] Financial Market Trends - The financial market experienced mixed trends, with the overnight Shibor stable at 1.314% and the seven-day Shibor increasing to 1.447% [4] - The weighted average rate of DR007 rose to 1.4495% by the end of trading, while the one-day treasury reverse repurchase rate decreased to 1.416% [4] Liquidity Outlook - Huaxi Securities reported that liquidity is expected to remain stable before the tax period, but the end of October may present challenges due to the overlap of the tax period and month-end [1][4]

Group 1 - The liquidity perspective indicates that after the National Day holiday, the funding environment has returned to a loose state, with overnight funding rates dropping below 7DOMO and 7-day funding rates around 7DOMO, alleviating pressure on banks' liabilities [1][9] - The report anticipates that the government bond supply pressure in the fourth quarter will be manageable, with limited government bond issuance currently affecting the funding environment [1][9] - The upcoming tax period is expected to maintain a comfortable funding state before its arrival, with overall pressure from the upcoming reverse repos being manageable due to the five working days for operations [1][9] Group 2 - As of October 19, the issuance progress of local government bonds shows that cumulative replacement bonds issued reached 19,900 billion yuan, achieving 99.50% progress; new general bonds issued totaled 6,717 billion yuan, achieving 83.97% progress; and new special bonds issued reached 36,973 billion yuan, achieving 84.03% progress [2][10] - The report notes that the issuance of local bonds has sharply decreased post-National Day, leading to a decline in secondary market transactions, with significant drops in net purchases by insurance and participation from funds in the 7-10 year segment [3][11] - The fourth quarter local bond issuance plan is set at 8,516 billion yuan, with expectations of around 10,000 billion yuan in market neutral expectations, although no incremental policy reserves have been observed [2][11] Group 3 - The report highlights opportunities in local bonds from three perspectives: the implied tax rates for 5Y and 10Y bonds remain around 5%, while most 20Y and 30Y bonds are below 4% [3][12] - The report suggests monitoring specific bonds with high implied tax rates, such as the 25 Tianjin bond with an implied tax rate of 12.21%, despite its small issuance size [3][12] - The report also notes that the yield spread between local bonds and government bonds has widened, particularly in the 7Y and 10Y segments, indicating a need to pay attention to risks associated with long-duration bonds [3][12]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Affected by the tariff black - swan market, the risk appetite declined, impacting the bond market. The continuous expectation of the Fed's interest rate cut and the increasing global trade uncertainty added to the uncertainty of foreign capital inflows. Overall, the bond market oscillated between the expectations of stable growth and monetary easing, and short - term attention should be paid to the policy signals at the end of the month [3]. 3. Summary by Catalog I. Interest Rate Pricing Tracking Indicators - Price indicators: China's CPI (monthly) had a 0.00% month - on - month change and - 0.40% year - on - year change; China's PPI (monthly) had a 0.00% month - on - month change and - 2.90% year - on - year change [9]. - Monthly economic indicators: Social financing scale was 433.66 trillion yuan, with an increase of 2.40 trillion yuan (0.56%); M2 year - on - year was 8.80%, with no change; Manufacturing PMI was 49.80%, with a 0.40% (0.81%) increase [9]. - Daily economic indicators: The US Dollar Index was 99.24, up 0.40 (0.40%); USD/CNH (off - shore) was 7.1370, down 0.005 (- 0.07%); SHIBOR 7 - day was 1.45, up 0.04 (3.14%); DR007 was 1.45, up 0.06 (3.94%); R007 was 1.53, up 0.02 (1.49%); AAA - rated 3 - month inter - bank certificates of deposit was 1.59, up 0.01 (0.82%); AA - AAA credit spread (1Y) was 0.09, up 0.00 (0.82%) [9]. II. Overview of the Treasury Bond and Treasury Bond Futures Market No specific content other than referring to relevant figures (such as the closing price trend of the main continuous contract of treasury bond futures, the price change rates of various treasury bond futures varieties, etc.) is provided. The data sources for these figures are Flush and Huatai Futures Research Institute [11][13][15]. III. Overview of the Money Market Liquidity The section mainly shows relevant figures including Shibor rate trend, the maturity yield trend of AAA - rated inter - bank certificates of deposit, the trading statistics of inter - bank pledged repurchase, and local government bond issuance. The data sources are Flush and Huatai Futures Research Institute [24]. IV. Spread Overview The section presents figures about the inter - period spread trend of various treasury bond futures varieties and the term spread of spot bonds and cross - variety spreads of futures. The data sources are Flush and Huatai Futures Research Institute [27][28][29]. V. Two - Year Treasury Bond Futures The section includes figures such as the implied interest rate of the main contract of two - year treasury bond futures and the maturity yield of treasury bonds, the IRR of the TS main contract and the funding rate, the three - year basis trend of the TS main contract, and the three - year net basis trend of the TS main contract. The data sources are Flush and Huatai Futures Research Institute [33][38][44]. VI. Five - Year Treasury Bond Futures The section contains figures like the implied interest rate of the main contract of five - year treasury bond futures and the maturity yield of treasury bonds, the IRR of the TF main contract and the funding rate, the three - year basis trend of the TF main contract, and the three - year net basis trend of the TF main contract. The data sources are Flush and Huatai Futures Research Institute [46][50][52]. VII. Ten - Year Treasury Bond Futures The section shows figures including the implied yield of the main contract of ten - year treasury bond futures and the maturity yield of treasury bonds, the IRR of the T main contract and the funding rate, the three - year basis trend of the T main contract, and the three - year net basis trend of the T main contract. The data sources are Flush and Huatai Futures Research Institute [53][55][56]. VIII. Thirty - Year Treasury Bond Futures The section presents figures such as the implied yield of the main contract of thirty - year treasury bond futures and the maturity yield of treasury bonds, the IRR of the TL main contract and the funding rate, the three - year basis trend of the TL main contract, and the three - year net basis trend of the TL main contract. The data sources are Flush and Huatai Futures Research Institute [60][62][66]. Strategies - Unilateral strategy: With the decline of repurchase rates and the oscillation of treasury bond futures prices, a cautious and bullish stance is recommended for the 2512 contract [4]. - Arbitrage strategy: Pay attention to the decline of the basis of TF2509 [5]. - Hedging strategy: There is medium - term adjustment pressure, and short - position holders can use far - month contracts for appropriate hedging [5].

Market Performance - Government bond futures opened high but closed higher across the board, with the 30-year main contract rising by 0.37%, initially up by 0.70%. The 10-year main contract increased by 0.10%, initially up by 0.25%. The 5-year main contract rose by 0.03%, and the 2-year main contract increased by 0.02% [1] - Major interest rate bonds in the interbank market saw a rebound in yields, with the 10-year policy bank bond "25 Guokai 15" yield rising by 1.7 basis points to 1.9430%, the 10-year government bond "25 Fuxi Guojia 11" yield up by 1.6 basis points to 1.7590%, and the 30-year government bond "25 Super Long Special Government Bond 02" yield increasing by 3 basis points to 2.1140% [1] Funding Conditions - The central bank announced a 137.8 billion yuan 7-day reverse repurchase operation on October 13, with a fixed rate of 1.40% and a full bid amount of 137.8 billion yuan. There were no reverse repos maturing that day, resulting in a net injection of 137.8 billion yuan [2] - The interbank market maintained a loose funding condition, with overnight repo rates for deposit institutions hovering around 1.30%. Non-bank institutions borrowed overnight using credit bonds as collateral, with rates dropping to the 1.46%-1.48% range [2] - There is a certain demand for one-year interbank certificates of deposit at 1.66% from national and major joint-stock banks, with the latest transaction rates in the secondary market for the same term at 1.655%-1.66%, slightly down from the previous day [2] News Developments - According to customs data, China's exports in September (in RMB terms) grew by 8.4% year-on-year, up from a previous increase of 4.8%. Imports rose by 7.5%, compared to a prior increase of 1.7%. The trade surplus was 645.47 billion yuan, down from 732.68 billion yuan [3] - In USD terms, China's September exports increased by 8.3%, up from 4.4% previously, while imports grew by 7.4%, compared to a prior increase of 1.3% [3] - U.S. President Trump hinted at the possibility of canceling new tariffs on China, leading to a rise in U.S. stock index futures. Trump stated on social media not to worry about China, indicating that everything would be fine [3] Operational Recommendations - Recent signals from both China and the U.S. have been relatively mild, leading to a correction in the risk-averse sentiment previously caused by tariff conflicts, which in turn weakened the bond market [4] - The bond market outlook is complex, with attention needed on the implementation of new fund redemption fee regulations, changes in market risk appetite, and potential fluctuations in U.S.-China relations. However, the current loose funding conditions and the normalization of the yield curve limit the extent of long bond declines [4] - If the 10-year government bond yield rises above 1.8%, there may be a recovery in allocation value. Short-term treasury bonds are expected to continue fluctuating within a range, with T2512 likely maintaining a range of 107.4-108.3, suggesting a wait-and-see approach for potential adjustments [4]

Open Market Operations - The central bank announced a 7-day reverse repurchase operation on October 13, with a fixed rate and quantity tendering, amounting to 137.8 billion yuan at an interest rate of 1.40%, with the same amount being the bid and awarded [1]. Funding Conditions - The interbank market maintained a loose funding condition, with overnight repurchase rates for deposit institutions slightly rising around 1.30%. Non-bank institutions borrowed overnight against credit bonds at rates between 1.46% and 1.48%. The one-year interbank certificates of deposit from major banks had a demand at 1.66%, with secondary market rates slightly declining to 1.655%-1.66% [3][7]. Treasury Futures - The closing prices for treasury futures showed an increase, with the 30-year main contract rising by 0.37%, the 10-year by 0.10%, the 5-year by 0.03%, and the 2-year by 0.02% [11]. Trade Data - In the first three quarters, China's goods trade import and export totaled 33.61 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4%. Exports reached 19.95 trillion yuan, up 7.1%, while imports were 13.66 trillion yuan, down 0.2%. In September, exports (in RMB) grew by 8.4% year-on-year, while imports increased by 7.5% [12]. Manufacturing Financing - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology initiated a survey on financing needs among manufacturing enterprises, aiming to enhance financing services and facilitate connections with financial institutions [12]. Bond Issuance - The Ministry of Finance plans to issue 127 billion yuan of 3-year treasury bonds and 149 billion yuan of 10-year treasury bonds on October 20 [12]. Global Macro Events - U.S. President Trump hinted at the possibility of canceling new tariffs on China, stating "Don't worry about China, everything will be fine" [14].

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China conducted a 137.8 billion yuan reverse repurchase operation with a rate of 1.40%, resulting in a net injection of 137.8 billion yuan into the market on October 13, 2025 [1]. Market Rates Summary - The Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate (Shibor) for the 7-day term increased by 4.40 basis points to 1.4470%, while the overnight Shibor remained unchanged at 1.3140% [1][2]. - The 14-day Shibor decreased by 1.60 basis points to 1.4660% [2]. Interbank Repo Market - In the interbank pledged repo market, most rates increased slightly, with DR001 and R001 weighted average rates rising by 0.3 basis points and 4.0 basis points to 1.3131% and 1.357%, respectively [6]. - The transaction volumes for DR001 and R001 increased significantly, with DR001 seeing a rise of 2.652 billion yuan and R001 increasing by 43.681 billion yuan [6]. Funding Conditions - The overall funding environment was described as balanced and slightly loose, with overnight rates for collateralized loans ranging from 1.35% to 1.5% [10]. - By the end of the trading day, the overnight rates dropped to around 1.28%, indicating a continued loose funding condition [10]. Interbank Certificates of Deposit - On October 13, 66 interbank certificates of deposit were issued, totaling 48.59 billion yuan [11]. - The trading sentiment for secondary market certificates was described as subdued, with yields for various maturities showing slight increases compared to the previous trading day [11].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the fluctuating market conditions influenced by Trump's tariff threats and subsequent easing of rhetoric, alongside better-than-expected import and export data, leading to a volatile stock market and bond yields [5]. Market Conditions - The funding environment is described as balanced and slightly loose, with a notable increase in long-term bond yields [3]. - The central bank conducted a 1,378 billion yuan reverse repurchase operation, resulting in a net injection of the same amount [3]. - The overnight funding rates are stable, with DR001 around 1.31% and DR007 at approximately 1.45% [3]. Interest Rates and Bond Market - The 10-year Treasury yield experienced fluctuations, initially dropping by 3.2 basis points to 1.743% following Trump's tariff announcement, before rising to 1.7575% and settling around 1.75% [5]. - The bond market showed a slight upward trend in yields, with the 10-year rate reaching approximately 1.76% during the day [5]. Stock Market Performance - The stock market opened lower but quickly rebounded after reaching 3,800 points, supported by positive trade data [5]. - The market demonstrated resilience, with stocks recovering and nearing positive territory by the afternoon [5]. Investor Sentiment - Investor sentiment appears cautious, with analysts closely monitoring Trump's statements and adjusting their strategies accordingly [6]. - There is a sense of urgency among non-bank financial institutions, as evidenced by a rush to buy long-term bonds despite recent losses [6].

Group 1: Report Overview - Report Type: Fixed Income Report - Release Date: October 13, 2025 - Analyst: Liang Weichao - SAC Registration Number: S1340523070001 - Email: liangweichao@cnpsec.com [1][2] Group 2: Investment Rating - No specific industry investment rating is provided in the report. Group 3: Core Viewpoints - The bond market is expected to move in a volatile manner in the fourth quarter. The 30 - 10 and 10 - 1 year Treasury yield spreads have reflected the risk preference repair, and the current bond market has allocation value. Supply pressure is expected to ease, there may be opportunities for monetary easing, and redemption pressure will persist. The bond market may alternate between repair and adjustment, with repair driven by allocation value and adjustment due to redemption pressure. If there is an opportunity for monetary easing, the emotional repair will accelerate, followed by faster unwinding and selling [3][10]. - After the holiday, liquidity enters the seasonal easing window at the beginning of the quarter. The marginal easing of the capital market has intensified, and the current capital price has fallen to the lowest level in the same period of history, with the central level dropping back to the policy rate. The continued decline in capital prices has promoted the warming of easing expectations and the repair of bond market sentiment [3][10]. - The short - end is in a high - allocation value range, and the long - short term spread has fully priced in the risk preference repair. The current pricing level is close to the historical average, so the long - short term spread is reasonably priced, which can control the risk of further upward movement of the long - end. The downward drive of the long - end depends on the decline of risk preference or the opportunity of monetary easing [3][12]. - Recently, the risk - aversion sentiment has increased, and bond market trading is "better to stop than to chase". The risk - aversion sentiment comes from international geopolitics with high uncertainty, the disturbance of redemption problems still exists during the market repair, and the yield is about to fall to the chip - intensive area. Therefore, although the bond market has recovered under the drive of risk - aversion sentiment, the yield is unlikely to return to the state of rapid decline, and chasing the rise requires caution [4][14]. Group 4: Summary by Directory 1. Is it time to chase or stop the risk - aversion sentiment? - **Market Outlook**: The bond market in the fourth quarter may move in a volatile manner. The yield spreads have reflected risk preference repair, and the market has allocation value. Supply pressure may ease, there may be monetary easing opportunities, and redemption pressure will continue. The market may alternate between repair and adjustment [10]. - **Liquidity Analysis**: After the holiday, liquidity enters the seasonal easing window at the beginning of the quarter. The capital price has fallen to the lowest level in the same period of history, and the continued decline has promoted the warming of easing expectations and bond market sentiment. This is related to the calendar effect of funds and the central bank's liquidity management [10]. - **Short - end and Term Spread Analysis**: The short - end is in a high - allocation value range as the risk of capital tightening is low. The long - short term spread has fully priced in the risk preference repair, and the current pricing is close to the historical average, which can control the long - end upward risk. The long - end downward drive depends on risk preference decline or monetary easing [12]. - **Risk - aversion and Trading Advice**: The risk - aversion sentiment comes from international geopolitics with high uncertainty. The redemption problem still disturbs the market, and the yield is about to fall to the chip - intensive area. Bond market trading is "better to stop than to chase" [14][15].

Group 1 - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) conducted a 1.378 trillion yuan 7-day reverse repurchase operation at an interest rate of 1.40%, maintaining the previous rate, resulting in a net injection of 1.378 trillion yuan due to no reverse repos maturing on that day [1] - From September 28 to October 11, the central bank's reverse repo net withdrawal reached 1.3304 trillion yuan, with a significant operation of 1.1 trillion yuan 3-month reverse repos announced on October 9, contrasting with a net injection of 300 billion yuan for the month [1] - Despite the large-scale reverse repos maturing after the holiday, funding prices gradually returned to pre-quarter-end levels, with overnight funding rates dropping to 1.33%, down 21 basis points from before the holiday [1] Group 2 - The upcoming week (October 13-17) will see a decrease in reverse repo maturities to 1.021 trillion yuan, with significant amounts maturing on Thursday and Friday, and a total of 8 billion yuan 3-month reverse repos maturing on Tuesday [2] - Analysts expect the funding environment to remain loose, as the central bank's proactive measures and limited government bond net payments will help mitigate external disturbances [2] - The liquidity test in October is anticipated to be concentrated at the end of the month, with tax payment deadlines delayed to October 27, coinciding with the month-end liquidity pressure [3] Group 3 - The PBOC's liquidity injection tools have shifted towards longer-term MLF and reverse repos since the third quarter, reducing the necessity for frequent short-term operations [4] - Despite the increase in reverse repo maturities post-holiday, the central bank's consistent stance on liquidity provision suggests limited impact on the funding environment [4] - Analysts from Citic Securities believe that the liquidity gap in October may be weaker than seasonal trends, with the central bank's monetary policy remaining accommodative [3][4]

Core Viewpoint - The liquidity gap in October is expected to be weaker than seasonal trends, with limited risks of liquidity tightening due to the central bank's accommodative monetary policy stance [1] Group 1: Liquidity Analysis - The overall net financing of government bonds in October is projected to be approximately 600 billion yuan, considering the easing supply pressure from local government bond issuance plans [1] - The estimated liquidity gap for October is around 500 billion yuan, excluding factors such as the maturity of Medium-term Lending Facility (MLF) and reverse repos [1] - Fiscal spending is expected to be delayed, which may cause disturbances around mid-month [1]