文/新浪财经香港站 赵岚 中国人民大学原副校长、国家金融研究院院长、国家一级教授吴晓求，在 "深圳香蜜湖金融年会"中发 表主题演讲时指出，经济发展需摒弃"短视"思维，"投资于人" 、"投资于基础理论"至关重要。 吴晓求认为，基础科研、自主创新是经济社会可持续发展的关键动力。财政资源不能仅聚焦于短期盈利 项目，而应该优先给予基础科研等投向更具长远价值的领域。 实现。间接融资即通过商业银行等金融中介完成资金与投资的转化；直接融资是通过市场实现资金供求 双方的直接匹配。吴晓求强调，未来直接融资的作用将愈发重要。 第三，风险管控与对冲功能。吴晓求指出，在开放的经济环境下，各类风险因素逐渐增加，金融的核心 作用之一便是构建风险对冲机制。"为了稳定投资环境、吸引外商投资必须创造一系列风险对冲工具， 管控各类风险。" 他同时指出，由于实体经济与居民需求始终处于动态变化中，因此高质量的金融服 务，既要满足企业多样化融资需求，也要适配居民多元化财富管理与便捷支付需求。 金融或有与科技并列的重要作用 吴晓求认为，在"十五五"框架下，建设现代化国家有"经济发达"与"社会文明"两个要素。经济发达的衡 量标准有较为清晰的量化指标，如人 ...

（原标题：资本市场"十五五"改革前瞻：精耕细作提升制度包容性、适应性） 21世纪经济报道记者 杨坪 实习生 唐可欣 深圳报道 随着2025年走向尾声，行业即将迈向"十五五"发展的关键之年。 中国银河证券首席经济学家、研究院院长章俊认为，"十五五"规划建议为资本市场改革提供了明确的方 向性框架，即以提高资源配置效率为核心，以服务新质生产力为主线，以推动资本市场高质量发展为目 标。未来改革将沿着"投资端更长期、融资端更多元、开放更高水平"的路径全面深化。 2025年是"十四五"的收官之年，这一年，资本市场发生了一系列深刻的变化。 投融资端，伴随着一系列改革举措的落地，资本市场支持科技创新、培育增长新动能的功能显著增强， 上市公司质量和市场整体回报水平也都有了明显提升。 "首先，新'国九条'对资本市场的核心运行机制进行了系统化重塑。其次，科创板"1+6"改革进一步提升 了资本市场服务硬科技的精准度。此外，境外发行上市备案流程的简化，使科技企业在更大范围内配置 资源、链接全球资本成为可能。这些改革并非孤立推进，而是在为新质生产力的加速形成铺设金融基础 设施。资本市场在这一过程中不再只是融资平台，而是创新扩散、资源流动 ...

图片来源：摄图网授权 ■中国经济时报记者 李银雁 为确保政策落地见效，广西构建了多维度工作体系。在协同机制上，建立财政、金融、行业主管部门横向协同，自治区、市、 县纵向联动的工作格局，财政部门创新贴息资金直接拨付方式，减少中间环节，提升企业获得感。在产品服务上，精简贴息产 品种类，设立"柳州工业贷""南丹关键金属贷""AI贷"等创新产品，其中"柳州工业贷"已为入库企业放贷104.15亿元，降低成本 1.75亿元。在服务效率上，依托"桂惠通"平台打造AI顾问"桂e融"，实现融资服务全流程线上化，截至11月末，平台注册企业 35.96万户，累计发布融资需求近3.44万亿元，帮助企业获得贷款超1.2万亿元。 据介绍，针对民营中小微企业发展、科技创新等社会关切问题，广西相关部门在贯彻落实自治区金融惠企政策上做了大量有效 工作。广西壮族自治区财政厅通过创设"普惠经营贷"、提高重点领域贴息产品民营企业比例、增加担保费补贴等举措，缓解企 业融资难题。中国人民银行广西壮族自治区分行牵头开展民营小微金融服务提升行动，截至11月末，广西民营经济贷款余额达 1.23万亿元，普惠小微信用贷款占比41%，高于全国平均水平。广西金融监管 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need to enhance the inclusiveness and adaptability of the capital market as part of the "14th Five-Year Plan" recommendations, focusing on comprehensive reforms to support technological innovation and meet diverse investor needs [1][4] - The development of direct financing methods such as equity and bonds is highlighted as a key measure to improve the capital market's functions and better serve high-tech enterprises and SMEs [1][2] - The implementation of reforms in the ChiNext and Sci-Tech Innovation Board is expected to enhance resource allocation efficiency towards strategic technology sectors, fostering economic innovation and providing investors with diverse investment opportunities [2][3] Group 2 - The cultivation of high-quality operating entities is crucial, with securities and fund management institutions playing an increasingly important role in the financial system and maintaining systemic risk prevention [2][3] - The capital market aims to accelerate the development of first-class investment banks and institutions, with a focus on differentiated regulation to support quality institutions while tightening oversight on problematic firms [3][4] - The ongoing expansion of institutional openness in the capital market includes removing foreign ownership limits and optimizing the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) system to enhance global investor participation [4][5] Group 3 - The recent reforms are expected to lead to a threefold transformation in the capital market, improving market pricing efficiency, upgrading corporate governance, and establishing a virtuous cycle between domestic and international markets [5]

[Table_Main] 新旧动能转换，资本市场如何做好"科 技金融"大文章？ 报告要点 百年未有之大变局，全球经济复苏乏力、逆全球化进程推进、地缘政治冲突不断，世 界正在经历新的动荡变革期。新一轮科技革命和产业革命不仅为经济增长注入新动 能，也在重塑全球秩序和发展格局，科技创新能力成为大国博弈的主要变量。实现高 水平科技自立自强不仅是应对外部风险、落实国家安全战略的必然要求，也是实现经 济高质量发展的必由之路。 高质量发展阶段，新旧动能转换需要强大的资本市场赋能。"新质生产力"概念的提 出为增强经济发展新动能提供了重要指引。资本市场作为金融资源配置的枢纽，在风 险共担和利益共享方面具备独特优势，以新质生产力推动经济转型升级，需要规范、 透明、开放、有活力、有韧性的资本市场赋能。 经济增长模式由"债务驱动型"向"创新驱动型"转换，金融体系也应该由"间接融 资"走向"直接融资"。高质量发展阶段，金融行业更注重"功能性"的发挥和淡化 "规模情结"，面临盈利性下行和盈利模式转换的双重压力。伴随着供给侧改革的深 化、强监管周期开启，金融行业的盈利模式也将发生根本性改变。 资本市场是现代金融体系的核心和基石，强大的资本 ...

阳泉开创投资控股集团有限公司作为市属重点国企，在区域产业升级、实体经济发展中发挥着重要作 用。浦发银行太原分行精准把握企业直接融资需求，通过债券投资业务搭建高效融资桥梁，不仅为企业 锁定了优质融资资源、降低了融资成本，更助力企业将募集资金精准投向主营业务发展，为地方产业结 构优化升级注入金融动能。 据介绍，作为服务地方经济发展的金融主力军，浦发银行太原分行始终聚焦区域核心主体融资需求，以 创新金融服务助力实体经济高质量发展。浦发银行太原分行相关负责人表示，未来，该行将持续聚焦区 域核心国企、重点产业主体的金融需求，不断深化直接融资业务布局，以更专业的金融产品、更精准的 服务举措，衔接企业多元化融资诉求，为区域实体经济高质量发展贡献更多浦发力量。 山西晚报·山河+讯（记者 张珍 通讯员 郑惠帆 刘雨轩）近日，浦发银行太原建设路支行成功参与 阳泉开创投资控股集团有限公司2025年首期公司债券投资，以1.1亿元认购金额，为企业5亿元债券发行 提供坚实金融支撑，实现区域国企直接融资的重要突破。 据悉，此次发行的公司债券创下两项区域行业纪录，该债券既是山西省内AA主体非煤企业发行的首单 此类债券，更以2.52%的票面利 ...

Group 1 - The central economic work conference emphasizes the need to stabilize investment and expand domestic demand as a priority for economic work in the coming year [1][5] - The government plans to increase the scale of central budget investment and optimize the management of local government special bonds to stimulate private investment [1][6] - The upcoming "14th Five-Year Plan" will see the acceleration of strategic emerging industries and future industry projects, supported by sufficient financial tools and special bond reserves [1][6] Group 2 - In November, the social financing scale increased by 24,885 billion yuan, exceeding market expectations, with a notable contribution from non-standard financing and corporate bond financing [2][3] - The contribution of credit to social financing decreased, with new RMB loans of 4,053 billion yuan in November, reflecting insufficient effective demand in the macro economy [2][3] - Non-standard financing increased significantly, with corporate bond financing reaching 4,169 billion yuan, indicating a shift towards direct financing [3][4] Group 3 - The industrial added value maintained steady growth, with a year-on-year increase of 4.8% in November, while fixed asset investment showed a cumulative year-on-year decrease of 2.6% [5][6] - The demand for equipment updates remains strong due to trends in digitalization and automation, with policies supporting large-scale equipment updates expected to be implemented in 2024 [6] - The central economic work conference highlights the importance of combining "investment in people" and "investment in materials" to unlock significant potential [1][6] Group 4 - In November, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 43,898 billion yuan, growing by 1.3% year-on-year, although it showed a decline compared to October [7] - The government plans to implement actions to boost consumption and develop a plan for increasing urban and rural residents' income [7] - The overall resilience of foreign trade has supported stable economic growth, but challenges remain for the upcoming year, necessitating stable exchange rates to promote exports [7]

Group 1 - The central economic work conference emphasizes the need to stabilize investment and expand domestic demand as a priority for the upcoming year, with a focus on combining "investment in people" and "investment in things" to unlock significant potential [1][6] - The government plans to increase the scale of central budget investments and optimize the management of local government special bonds to stimulate private investment [1][6] - The upcoming year marks the beginning of the "15th Five-Year Plan," which will accelerate the launch of various strategic emerging industries and future industry projects, supported by ample financial tools and special bond reserves [1][6] Group 2 - In November, the social financing scale increased by 24,885 billion yuan, exceeding market expectations, with a notable contribution from non-standard financing and corporate bond financing rather than traditional credit demand [2][3] - The contribution of credit to social financing decreased in November, with new RMB loans amounting to 4,053 billion yuan, reflecting insufficient effective demand in the macroeconomic environment [2][3] - Corporate loans in November totaled 6,100 billion yuan, primarily driven by an increase in bill financing, indicating a shift in financing sources as companies focus on settling accounts near year-end [3] Group 3 - Non-standard financing saw a year-on-year increase of 1,328 billion yuan in November, while corporate bond financing rose by 1,788 billion yuan, highlighting the importance of off-balance-sheet financing in the current economic context [3][4] - The M1 growth rate declined due to a high base effect, while M2 growth also decreased, influenced by the reduction in credit and its impact on derived deposits [4] - The central economic work conference has shifted its focus from social financing and M2 to economic growth and price recovery, indicating a change in policy priorities [4] Group 4 - In November, the industrial added value for large-scale enterprises grew by 4.8% year-on-year, with a cumulative growth of 6.0% from January to November, reflecting a strong performance in the supply side of the economy [5][6] - Fixed asset investment from January to November showed a year-on-year decline of 2.6%, with significant growth in equipment purchases indicating a trend towards modernization and digitalization in industrial production [5][6] - The government is expected to implement policies supporting large-scale equipment updates in 2024, with additional funding of approximately 150 billion yuan allocated for this purpose [6] Group 5 - In November, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 43,898 billion yuan, growing by 1.3% year-on-year, although this represented a decline compared to October [7] - The central economic work conference has proposed actions to boost consumption, including plans to increase urban and rural residents' income and optimize the supply of quality goods and services [7] - The resilience of foreign trade has contributed to stable economic growth, but challenges remain for the upcoming year, necessitating measures to maintain exchange rate stability and support exports [7]

Group 1: Financing Trends - In November, social financing (社融) increased by nearly 160 billion yuan year-on-year, driven by significant growth in corporate direct financing and off-balance-sheet financing[3] - Corporate direct financing rose by over 100 billion yuan, primarily due to the expansion of the sci-tech bond market, which saw net financing of 182.3 billion yuan in November, an increase of 100 billion yuan year-on-year[15] - Off-balance-sheet financing also increased by over 100 billion yuan, largely attributed to the upcoming implementation of revised trust company regulations[15] Group 2: Loan and Deposit Dynamics - In November, RMB loans decreased by 190 billion yuan year-on-year, reflecting weak demand for loans and a supply-side contraction due to financial institutions' "anti-involution" measures[4] - Short-term loans for enterprises increased by 100 billion yuan, indicating a rise in short-term operational funding needs, while medium and long-term loans decreased by 40 billion yuan year-on-year[22] - Resident deposits showed a significant reduction, with both household and corporate deposits declining year-on-year, indicating a trend of deleveraging among residents[26] Group 3: Monetary Supply Metrics - M2 growth rate fell to 8% in November, down 0.2 percentage points from October, while M1 growth rate decreased to 4.9%, down 1.3 percentage points[26] - The decline in M1 and M2 growth rates is attributed to reduced "loan creation deposits" and limited fiscal fund injections, with non-bank financial institution deposits also showing a year-on-year decrease[26] Group 4: Future Outlook and Risks - The overall financial data for November indicates persistent weakness in private sector financing demand, with potential positive impacts from new policy financial tools expected to gradually materialize[6] - The high base effect from government bond financing is likely to continue to weigh on social financing growth, which may stabilize or slightly decline in the near term[6] - Risks include unexpected changes in the economic environment and policy adjustments that could significantly impact market financing demand and liquidity conditions[7]

Core Conclusion - Fixed asset investment growth in China may experience its first annual negative growth since data collection began, with declines in real estate, infrastructure, and manufacturing investments [1][2][36] - To reverse the negative investment growth, reliance on the AI+ sector is essential, and the capital market must play a larger role [1][2][22] - Recommendations include accelerating the pace of technology IPOs, actively attracting long-term capital from the stock market, and increasing support for diversified financing tools like science and technology bonds [1][2][28][30][31] Investment Trends - Investment growth has been a key driver of China's economic growth, historically outpacing overall GDP growth [1][36] - The current situation marks a rare instance of negative investment growth, with a projected annual decline of -1.0% [2][36] - The decline is primarily driven by three major sectors: manufacturing, real estate, and infrastructure, which together account for over 70% of total investment [2][36] Real Estate Sector - The real estate sector has seen a significant slowdown, with cumulative investment down by -14.7% year-on-year in the first ten months of the year, and monthly growth dropping to -23.1% [6][39] - Demand-side factors include a demographic shift leading to a decrease of approximately 4.5 million eligible homebuyers compared to peak levels, and suppressed purchasing intentions due to falling housing prices [6][39] - Supply-side issues include ongoing debt risks for property companies, with approximately 524.4 billion due this year, limiting their investment capacity [6][39] Infrastructure Sector - Infrastructure investment has weakened, with a year-on-year decline of -12.1% in October [8][41] - Contributing factors include reduced funding capabilities due to a cooling land finance system and a lack of project reserves during the transition between the 14th and 15th Five-Year Plans [8][41] - Local governments are prioritizing risk prevention and debt repayment over new projects, reflecting a cautious fiscal approach [8][41] Manufacturing Sector - Manufacturing investment has shown signs of fatigue, with a year-on-year decline of -6.7% in October [10][43] - Factors include declining corporate profitability, with the median return on invested capital (ROIC) for non-financial A-share companies dropping to 2.9% from 3.7% the previous year [10][43] - The "anti-involution" policy has led to reduced capacity expansion among enterprises, while some are shifting investments abroad due to "de-globalization" trends [10][43] Historical Investment Recovery Insights - Historical data shows that previous investment recoveries were driven by demand shifts, with notable low points in 2006, 2015, and 2020 [12][45] - The 2008 recovery was fueled by a government-led stimulus plan focusing on large-scale infrastructure projects [14][47] - The 2015 recovery involved supply-side structural reforms and targeted demand stimulation through housing policy adjustments [16][51] - The 2020 recovery was characterized by a focus on new economic drivers amid the pandemic, with significant investments in high-tech sectors [18][55] Future Investment Strategies - The current investment recovery requires a focus on the AI+ sector, which presents vast opportunities and aligns with national strategic goals [22][56] - The government’s role in the economy is evolving, transitioning from direct involvement to a more supportive role that encourages private investment [26][60] - Recommendations for enhancing investment include improving the IPO process for tech companies, increasing long-term capital from the stock market, and expanding the use of science and technology bonds [28][30][31]