本报记者 孟珂 9月30日，国家统计局服务业调查中心和中国物流与采购联合会发布数据显示，9月份，制造业采购经理 指数（PMI）为49.8%，比上月上升0.4个百分点；非制造业商务活动指数为50.0%，比上月下降0.3个百 分点；综合PMI产出指数为50.6%，比上月上升0.1个百分点，我国经济总体产出扩张略有加快。 中国物流与采购联合会特约分析师张立群对《证券日报》记者表示，9月份PMI指数继续小幅回升，表 明稳增长多项政策的综合效果进一步显现。生产指数明显回升，采购量指数、生产经营活动预期指数回 升，显示企业生产经营活动有恢复迹象。同时要注意价格类指数均有不同程度回落，表明市场供大于求 的情况仍然比较突出；订单类指数均处荣枯线之下，需求不足问题仍需高度重视。 9月份，非制造业商务活动指数为50.0%，比上月下降0.3个百分点，位于临界点，非制造业业务总量总 体稳定。 服务业商务活动指数保持扩张。服务业商务活动指数为50.1%，继续位于扩张区间。从行业看，邮政、 电信广播电视及卫星传输服务、货币金融服务等行业商务活动指数均位于60.0%以上高位景气区间，业 务总量保持较快增长；同时，受暑期效应消退影响，与居民 ...

作者 苏剑 要点： ●展望未来：政策调整，下半年经济下行压力不减 内容提要 "稳中求进"总基调不变，政策调整信号释放，重"质"稳"量"，经济下行压力阶段性增加。"反内卷"或成 为影响下半年经济走势的主要因素，短期内经济下行压力存在，但长期利好高质量发展。8月，无论是 供给端还是需求端均有不同程度的回调，货币供应稳健扩张，狭义货币M1同比有所上升，反映出企业 活期存款增长加速，经济活跃度有所提升。 供给端 工业增加值：2025年8月，中国规模以上工业增加值同比实际增长5.2%，较7月放缓0.5个百分点，累计 增长6.2%，较7月放缓0.1个百分点。这一增速主要受夏季高温加剧供应链中断、出口订单季节性波动及 房地产投资持续低迷拖累，但较7月放缓幅度收窄，显示政策传导效应渐显。制造业和高技术产业表现 更稳，凸显中国工业向高质量转型的韧性。然而，全球需求不确定性和极端天气对后续增长构成更大制 约。 需求端 消费方面：2025年8月，社会消费品零售总额同比增长3.4%，较前月下降0.3个百分点，政策调整，消费 额增速阶段性回调。居民收入增速依然相对不高，消费额增速难以长期可持续大幅上涨。8月全国各地 对第二批国补启动时 ...

证券研究报告 【平安证券】2025年利率债四季报： 多重挑战下，债市的机会与风险 证券分析师 刘璐 投资咨询资格编号：S1060519060001 郑子辰 投资咨询资格编号：S1060521090001 2025年9月29日 请务必阅读正文后免责条款 摘要 多重因素共振，三季度债市如期进入逆风期。6月"反内卷"拉开大幕带动商品价格上涨，7月上证指数突破3400点，风险偏好明显改善；8-9月国 债利息增值税政策调整、公募赎回收费规则调整以及对于公募免税政策即将取消的担忧引起了基金赎回，利率进一步上行。本次债市调整与以往不 同，第一是资金面整体平稳，第二是基本面未见明显改善，因此本轮的市场调整是风偏压制、政策扰动机构行为及债券利率处于历史低点的共振演 绎。在此背景下，曲线走出熊陡，银行间杠杆率波动回落，资管户降久期，配置盘维持了一定的需求。从结构上看，短国债相对抗跌主要得益于大 行持续买入；信用债相对走弱，基金受到政策扰动面临一定的赎回压力，理财对信用债的需求也弱于往年；超长债表现偏弱，需求方保险和农商行 买入超长债规模大于24年，但是今年超长债供给明显更多，供需格局走弱。此外，全球超长债收益率共振上行也有一定影 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Supply side: Domestic rubber production areas have been affected by rainfall and tropical cyclones, especially Hainan. Overseas rainfall is relatively normal, and production will increase in the fourth - quarter peak season. There is a high probability of a La Nina event in 2025, and the zero - tariff scope for imported rubber continues to expand. Rubber supply in China is expected to recover in the fourth quarter without extreme weather [100]. - Demand side: The demand for all - steel tires is better than that of semi - steel tires. Overseas trade barriers for domestic tires are rising, increasing export pressure. The "Automobile Industry Steady Growth Work Plan (2025 - 2026)" was introduced, but the automobile sales in the fourth quarter still face challenges [100]. - Price: Due to uncertain weather, tariff barriers, and the test of domestic demand, rubber prices are expected to fluctuate widely in the fourth quarter, with support at around 14,500 yuan/ton and a mid - term fluctuation range of 14,500 - 17,000 yuan/ton [100]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Price: Narrow - range Fluctuation in the Futures Market No detailed content provided in this regard. 3.2 Supply: Double La Nina Events, Increased Weather Uncertainty - **Domestic Weather Impact**: This year, there have been more tropical cyclones affecting Hainan, and the precipitation in domestic production areas has been affected. It is predicted that there will be 10 - 12 typhoons in the northwest Pacific and South China Sea in the autumn of 2025, with 3 - 4 landing in China [10][13]. - **Global Output**: In July 2025, the global natural rubber output was expected to decrease slightly by 0.1% to 1.328 million tons, but increased by 7.9% compared with the previous month. The full - year output in 2025 is expected to increase by 0.5% to 14.892 million tons [19][24]. - **La Nina Probability**: The probability of a La Nina event from October to December 2025 is 71%. A double La Nina event may occur in 2025, which may make Southeast Asia wetter and southern China drier in winter [30]. - **Tariff Policy**: Since December 1, 2024, zero - tariff policies have been implemented for rubber from Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, etc. Thailand plans to export rubber through the Mekong River channel with zero - tariff. African rubber imports to China are expected to increase in the fourth quarter [33][36]. - **Overseas Exports**: The total exports of major overseas producers increased year - on - year. For example, Thailand's exports in the first 8 months increased by 6.3% year - on - year, and Indonesia's increased by 10% year - on - year [37]. - **EUDR Delay**: The implementation of the EU Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (EUDR) has been postponed for one year due to IT and supply - chain issues [38]. - **Other Supply Factors**: The demand for natural rubber in Europe, America, Japan, and South Korea is limited. China's imports of natural and mixed rubber increased both year - on - year and month - on - month. The net import of butadiene rubber turned into net export [39][41][51]. 3.3 Demand: Supported by Steady Growth - **Automobile Industry Policy**: The "Automobile Industry Steady Growth Work Plan (2025 - 2026)" aims to achieve about 32.3 million automobile sales in 2025, with new - energy vehicle sales of about 15.5 million, and an increase of about 3% year - on - year [57]. - **Tire Market**: The growth momentum of semi - steel tire demand is restricted. Overseas anti - dumping investigations and tariff policies have affected tire exports. However, the production and sales of automobiles and heavy - duty trucks in China from January to August increased year - on - year [58][60][61]. 3.4 Inventory: Inflection Point in Natural Rubber Inventory Accumulation - **Natural Rubber Inventory**: As of September 24, 2025, the natural rubber warehouse receipts were 155,830 tons, and the 20 - rubber warehouse receipts were 44,856 tons. The social inventory of natural rubber in China was 123,500 tons as of September 14, 2025 [70][74]. - **Butadiene Rubber Inventory**: As of September 24, 2025, the inventory of domestic butadiene rubber sample enterprises was 32,300 tons [78]. 3.5 Position: Low Position As of September 24, 2025, the total position of natural rubber was 183,283 lots, a decrease of 26,214 lots compared with June 30; the total position of 20 - rubber was 119,808 lots, a decrease of 627 lots; the total position of BR was 102,425 lots, an increase of 47,106 lots [82].

Monetary Policy and Economic Measures - The People's Bank of China announced a 7-day reverse repurchase operation of 181.7 billion yuan at a fixed interest rate of 1.4% on September 28 [4] - The monetary policy committee of the People's Bank of China emphasized the use of securities, funds, and insurance company swap facilities to maintain capital market stability [4] - The Ministry of Transport expects a total of 2.36 billion cross-regional passenger flows during the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holiday, averaging about 295 million per day, a 3.2% increase from the previous year [4] Industry Development Initiatives - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, along with other departments, issued a work plan for the petrochemical and chemical industry, aiming for an average annual growth of over 5% in value added from 2025 to 2026 [10] - The plan focuses on key product breakthroughs in integrated circuits, new energy, and medical equipment, supporting the development of high-end chemical products [10] - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments also released a work plan for the non-ferrous metals industry, targeting an average annual growth of around 5% in value added from 2025 to 2026 [12] AI and Transportation - The Ministry of Transport and other departments issued implementation opinions on "Artificial Intelligence + Transportation," aiming for widespread application of AI in the transportation sector by 2027 [8] - The opinions focus on seven key areas, including smart driving assistance, intelligent railway systems, and smart logistics [8] - Companies like Les Information and COSCO Shipping Technology are developing AI-integrated products to enhance their capabilities in the low-altitude economy and shipping logistics [8] Company Developments - Galaxy Magnetics plans to acquire 100% of Kyoto Longtai's shares through a combination of stock issuance and cash payment, expanding its product range in magnetic materials for the automotive sector [15] - Dongxing Medical intends to purchase 90% of Wuhan Yijiaobao's shares to enhance its position in high-end orthopedic and biomedical materials [15] - East Star Medical's overseas subsidiary secured an order worth approximately 1.8 billion yuan, representing 22.3% of the company's projected revenue for 2024 [16]

Market Overview - The market experienced a significant adjustment on Friday afternoon, attributed to pre-holiday effects and style drift in portfolio adjustments, with external trade impacting sentiment [3] - The Shanghai stock market saw a substantial decrease in financing balance by 11.2 billion, marking the largest drop recently, particularly affecting sectors like robotics and gaming [4] Industrial Profit Recovery - Industrial profits showed a remarkable recovery, with August profits increasing by 20.4%, the highest growth rate since December 2023, indicating a positive trend in industrial revenue [6][8] - The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission emphasized the need to resist "involution" competition, which is contributing to the improvement in industrial profits [6] Growth Strategies in Various Industries - Multiple government departments have released growth stabilization plans for key industries, including petrochemicals and non-ferrous metals, aiming for an average annual growth of over 5% from 2025 to 2026 [8][9] - The focus on new materials and technologies is seen as a catalyst for emerging industries, enhancing the performance of leading companies [9] Technology Sector Developments - Xiaomi reported strong sales for its new product line, with the Xiaomi 17 series breaking sales records shortly after launch, indicating robust consumer demand [10] - The National Development and Reform Commission announced measures to foster innovation in digital economy enterprises, which is expected to strengthen the technology sector [13] Energy Storage and Battery Industry - The lithium battery industry in China has seen significant activity, with 183 new projects signed or initiated from January to August, amounting to a planned investment of 400 billion [15] - Major battery manufacturers are operating at full capacity due to strong demand for energy storage cells, indicating a bullish outlook for the sector [15] Strategic Market Outlook - The market is expected to experience short-term volatility due to pre-holiday effects, but the long-term outlook remains positive with a focus on self-sufficiency in technology and stable growth strategies [17] - Institutional investors are showing a strong commitment to sectors with confirmed growth, while the focus on "involution" and stable growth continues to provide opportunities for long-term investment [17]

证券研究报告 | 宏观点评报告 2025 年 09 月 28 日 政策基调或暂时重回稳增长 ——宏观与大类资产周报 频率：每周 国内方面，1）Q3 价格企稳趋势强化，高频数据显示 9 月传统产业价格重新回 升，受下游需求提振，新能源领域价格回升势头更为明显。2）国内稳增长政 策即将加力，Q4 财政集中发力，但由于 7-8 月经济数据下行过多，完成全年 增长目标仍有压力，预计国庆节后将会出台稳增长相关政策。 海外方面，1）特朗普宣布对重型卡车、厨卫建材、家具、药品加征关税，部 分关税有 232 调查程序作为支撑。2）美国 Q2 实际 GDP 环比折年率上修至 3.8%，经济数据强劲引发降息预期持续降温。 资产方面，1）国内政策基调暂时重回稳增长，或暂时迎来股债双牛。压制融 资成本诉求令利率债或迎来短暂做多窗口，经济回升预期或令权益风格暂时趋 于均衡。2）美国基本面暂无衰退风险，后续降息预期的变化大概率也不会对 市场构成负面影响。一旦 AI 产业高景气度延续就能助力美股继续向上。 货币流动性跟踪（9 月 22 日——9 月 26 日） 流动性复盘： 本周，临近跨季和十一长假，资金面整体延续偏紧。基准利率上行约 1 ...

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the building materials industry is "Positive" (maintained) [1] Core Viewpoints - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and five other departments have jointly issued the "Building Materials Industry Steady Growth Work Plan (2025-2026)", which aims to stabilize growth and promote transformation. Key goals include achieving over 300 billion yuan in revenue from green building materials by 2026 and establishing "zero external electricity, zero carbon emissions" demonstration factories [3][4] - The report recommends several companies in the consumer building materials sector, including Sankeshu (channel penetration and retail expansion), Dongfang Yuhong (waterproof leader with optimized operational structure), Weixing New Materials (high-quality operations with a high retail business ratio), and Jianlang Hardware. Beneficiary stocks include Beixin Building Materials (gypsum board leader with diversified expansion into coatings and waterproof sectors) [3][4] - The cement sector is expected to benefit from the "Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Special Action Plan" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, which aims to control cement clinker capacity at around 1.8 billion tons by the end of 2025 [3][4] Summary by Sections Market Overview - The building materials index fell by 2.11% in the week from September 22 to September 26, 2025, underperforming the CSI 300 index by 3.18 percentage points. Over the past three months, the CSI 300 index rose by 13.80%, while the building materials index increased by 10.96%, underperforming by 2.84 percentage points [4][11] - The average PE ratio for the building materials sector is 28.92 times, ranking it 15th from the bottom among all A-share industries, while the PB ratio is 1.32 times, ranking it 8th from the bottom [17][21] Cement Sector - As of September 26, 2025, the average price of P.O42.5 bulk cement nationwide was 287.55 yuan/ton, an increase of 3.06% month-on-month. The clinker inventory ratio reached 70.17%, up by 5.06 percentage points [22][23] - Regional price trends show increases in various areas, with the highest increase in the southwest region at 7.67% [22][23] Glass Sector - The spot price of float glass as of September 26, 2025, was 1283.80 yuan/ton, up by 6.19% from the previous period. The inventory of float glass decreased by 2.60%, with a total of 53.29 million weight boxes [73][75] - The price of photovoltaic glass remained stable at 125.00 yuan/weight box [77] Fiberglass Sector - The market price for non-alkali 2400tex direct yarn ranges from 3400 to 4000 yuan/ton, with variations depending on the region and specific product type [6][4] Consumer Building Materials - As of September 26, 2025, the price of crude oil was 72.09 USD/barrel, showing a week-on-week increase of 7.76%. The price of asphalt remained stable at 4570 yuan/ton [6][4]

Group 1 - The central bank announced a 1,817 billion yuan reverse repurchase operation with a stable interest rate of 1.8%, aimed at managing liquidity before the National Day holiday [1][3] - This operation is a routine liquidity management measure, contrasting with previous years where single-day reverse repos reached up to 5,000 billion yuan, indicating a focus on "precise regulation" rather than "strong stimulus" [3][4] Group 2 - The short-term impact on the market is limited, but the operation signals that the central bank maintains a reasonable liquidity level and reassures that there will be no sudden policy shifts [4] - The macroeconomic policy remains supportive of growth, as evidenced by recent MLF operations and accelerated issuance of special bonds [4] Group 3 - Long-term investors should focus on three key indicators: MLF operation rates as a policy interest rate benchmark, social financing data to gauge real financing demand in the economy, and inflation expectations, particularly the core CPI [5] - The current environment suggests that investors should look for opportunities in undervalued stocks, especially if market volatility occurs post-holiday [6]

Investment Rating - The steel industry is rated as "Positive" [2] Core Viewpoints - The steel sector is expected to continue improving due to the traditional peak season combined with production restrictions [1][2] - Despite facing supply-demand contradictions and overall profit decline, the steel demand is anticipated to stabilize or slightly increase due to government policies supporting growth in real estate, infrastructure, and manufacturing [3][2] - The industry is likely to benefit from a tightening supply situation and increasing industry concentration, leading to a stable overall supply-demand landscape [3][2] Supply Situation - As of September 26, the capacity utilization rate of blast furnaces in sampled steel companies is 90.9%, an increase of 0.51 percentage points week-on-week [25] - The average daily pig iron production is 2.4236 million tons, with a week-on-week increase of 1.34% [25] - The total production of five major steel products reached 7.536 million tons, a week-on-week increase of 1.33% [25] Demand Situation - The consumption of five major steel products was 8.741 million tons as of September 26, with a week-on-week increase of 2.79% [34] - The transaction volume of construction steel by mainstream traders was 104,000 tons, showing a week-on-week decrease of 2.41% [34] Inventory Situation - The social inventory of five major steel products was 10.892 million tons, a week-on-week decrease of 1.10% [42] - The factory inventory of five major steel products was 4.214 million tons, a week-on-week increase of 0.72% [42] Price & Profit Situation - The comprehensive index for ordinary steel was 3,497.6 yuan/ton, with a week-on-week decrease of 0.28% [48] - The profit for rebar produced in blast furnaces was 14 yuan/ton, a week-on-week decrease of 36.36% [57] - The average cost of pig iron was 2,366 yuan/ton, with a week-on-week decrease of 15 yuan/ton [57] Raw Material Situation - The spot price index for Australian iron ore (62% Fe) was 787 yuan/ton, a week-on-week decrease of 1.87% [73] - The price of coking coal at the port was 1,710 yuan/ton, with a week-on-week increase of 100 yuan/ton [73] Investment Suggestions - The report suggests focusing on regional leading enterprises with advanced equipment and environmental standards, as well as companies with strong cost control and scale effects [3][2] - Companies such as Shandong Steel, Hualing Steel, and Baosteel are highlighted as potential investment opportunities [3][2]