证券研究报告|宏观研究报告 [Table_Date] 2025 年 3 月 16 日 [Table_Title] 积蓄力量，等待下行 [Table_Summary] 3 月 10-14 日，资金趋稳的利好信号开始反映在短端定价，但债市情 绪脆弱依然驱动长端利率上行，且利率波幅明显放大。14 日尾盘 2 月金融 数据发布，信贷结构反映需求正在弱化，但业内人士文章随之出炉，关于 降准降息的表述，都透露出当下落地的概率不大，债市对于"宽货币"的预 期阶段性退坡。 ► 降准降息，虽迟但大概率会到 如何看待短期降准降息落空，对债市的影响？我们倾向于，从希望到 失望，短期悲观情绪已经在 14 日尾盘释放。接下来是重新集聚力量的过 程，等待越来越多的高频数据揭示经济基本面的趋势。从当前信贷和经济 的高频数据来看，大行仍在票据市场收票，出口运价下跌，建筑复工偏 慢，工业品价格疲软，种种信号多指向基本面仍在筑底过程，需要呵护。 如果 3 月下旬信贷和经济高频数据依然偏弱，则降准降息预期可能卷 土重来。不过当下我们更应该关注，在央行态度偏呵护的背景下，3 月税 期及跨季，资金面是否保持平稳。降准的本质是补充银行的负债端，增强 资 ...

Investment Rating - The report indicates a neutral outlook for the industry, suggesting that the industry index is expected to perform within a range of -10% to +10% relative to the CSI 300 index [17]. Core Insights - The financial data for February 2025 shows a decline, aligning with previous expectations. The credit structure indicates a mixed performance, with household loans showing resilience primarily due to short-term loans, while corporate loans have decreased [1][2]. - The total social financing increased by 2.23 trillion yuan in February, with government bonds being the main support [4][5]. - The report anticipates a continued loose monetary policy throughout 2025, with expected reductions in reserve requirement ratios (approximately 100 basis points) and interest rates (around 30 basis points) [1][10]. Summary by Sections Credit Data - In February, new RMB loans amounted to 1.01 trillion yuan, which was lower than market expectations. Household loans increased, while corporate loans decreased [1][2]. - Specifically, household loans saw a year-on-year increase of 2.016 trillion yuan, driven by short-term loans due to post-holiday consumption recovery [1]. - Corporate loans increased by 1.04 trillion yuan, but this was a year-on-year decrease of 5.3 billion yuan, indicating weak internal financing willingness among enterprises [2]. Social Financing - The social financing scale increased by 2.23 trillion yuan, with government bonds contributing significantly to this growth. The net financing scale of government bonds in January and February reached approximately 2.6 trillion yuan, significantly higher than the previous year's level [4][5]. Monetary Policy Outlook - The report suggests that if US-China tensions escalate, monetary policy may shift towards further easing. The anticipated monetary policy for 2025 remains loose, with a focus on supporting domestic demand [1][10]. - The report also notes that the M2 growth rate was 7% at the end of February, with fiscal deposits being a core support item [7][8].

每周思考总第620期 《 新高如期兑现，首次左侧预警 》 本系列周度择时观点回溯表现（2023.1.1 至今），其中2024年全年累计收益53.69%。2025年至3 月16日累计收益7.79%。 中小市值板块择时观点： 短期交易中的政策窗口期尾声阶段，同步于主板开启谨慎博弈策略，自1月 翻多后首次建议重回 中等仓位 ，风格建议转向均衡； 短期动量（趋势）模型建议关注行业：无。 | 预测标的 | 仓位建议 | | --- | --- | | 主板 | 中仓位 | | 中小市值板块 | 中仓位 | | 风格判断 | 均衡 | 观点简述： 上周市场如期上行创出本轮新高，沪深300指数涨幅1.59%，上证综指周涨幅1.39%，中证500指 数周涨幅1.43%。上周我们标题观点提示"A股仍在政策窗口期"，实际A股上周五大涨重要催化因素也 是周四央行关于降准降息的最新强调表态。 基本面上，中国经济仍只是温和企稳。 国内方面，上周发布的2月货币供应数据整体喜忧参半， 社融同比回升而M1同比回落，表明国内经济仍在底部夯实状态而非强劲反转走强， 重申留意三月美 国全球关税加征后对中国外需的更显著冲击，在此阶段央行重提"年内择 ...

Market Overview - The Hang Seng Index closed at 24,369.71, up 3.29% for the day and 2.75% over the past five days [1] - The H-share index closed at 8,938.09, with a daily increase of 3.57% and a five-day increase of 2.33% [1] - The Shanghai Composite Index showed a positive trend, with the Shanghai 300 Index at 3,956.24, up 1.38% for the day [1] Economic Data - The U.S. trade balance for January was reported at -$128.8 billion, worse than the expected -$128.8 billion and previous -$98.1 billion [7] - Weekly initial jobless claims in the U.S. for March 1 were 221,000, lower than the expected 233,000 and previous 242,000 [7] - Eurozone retail sales month-on-month for January were reported at -0.3%, below the expected 0.1% [7] Major News Summary - U.S. President Trump plans to meet with major tech executives, including those from HP, Intel, and Qualcomm, to discuss import tariffs and export regulations [8][10] - Japan's largest labor union is demanding a wage increase of 6.09%, the highest since 1993 [8][10] - The Malaysian central bank maintained its key interest rate at 3%, warning of risks from the global trade war [8][10] Company News - TSMC announced a $100 billion investment in the U.S. based on customer demand, unaffected by U.S. pressure [10] - Seven & I Holdings in Japan plans to repurchase over $13 billion in stock as part of a comprehensive reform to enhance shareholder value [10] - JD.com reported Q4 net revenue of 346.99 billion RMB, a year-on-year increase of 13%, exceeding expectations [10]

给大家摆一个数据的对比。 今天股市非常给力，上证指数一举突破3400点，创年内新高，而收盘后， A股的总市值也首次突破了99万亿 ，创历史新高，离100万亿的 历史性时刻，仅仅咫尺之遥了。 ...... 上面说到A股总市值已经接近100万亿了，而港股的总市值目前大概在40万亿人民币左右，两会的时候，有位香港的代表提到，内地企业在港股的总 市值占比已经超过了80%，那么也就是说，内地企业的港股总市值大概在30万亿出头，而中概那边大概还有1万多亿，保守点算，国内企业的总市 值，大概在130万亿出头。 而目前，国内居民存款大概在150万亿左右，房地产总市值在300-400万亿之间。 中国的股市总市值：居民存款：地产总市值≈0.8：1：2。 美国那边，美股跌了一波之后，目前总市值在50万亿美刀左右，居民存款20万亿美刀不到，房地产总市值也是50万亿美刀左右， 所以美国那边的三 者比值≈1：0.4：1。 可以看到，和美国相比，或者和全球相比，我们的储蓄率都非常高，地产占居民财富的比值也非常高，这里既有经济发展阶段的问题，也和民族的 特性有关。 而股市的总市值，相当于经济体量来说，还是偏低的。 低基数，也是未来发展的空间 ...

3月14日，人民银行发布最新的金融和社会融资数据显示，今年前两个月，人民币贷款增加6.14万亿元，其 中，2月单月新增人民币贷款近万亿元；2月社融增量2.24万亿元，同比多增7416亿元。 每年2月基本上属于信贷小月，今年2月贷款增量达万亿元仍属于历史较高水平。业内专家强调，剔除春节因素 对贷款数据的影响，需要将1—2月贷款增量合并看待，从这个角度观察，今年以来贷款投放同样很不错，在去 年高基数上还实现了较快增长。 先看一组最新的信贷社融数据： 1、前两个月人民币贷款增加6.14万亿元。2月末，人民币各项贷款余额261.78万亿元，同比增长7.3%。结 构上看，普惠小微贷款、制造业中长期贷款增速均高于同期各项贷款增速。 2、前两个月人民币存款增加8.74万亿元，2月末，人民币存款余额310.97万亿元，同比增长7%。 3、初步统计，2025年前两个月社融增量累计为9.29万亿元，比上年同期多1.32万亿元。 4、2月末，广义货币(M2)同比增长7.0%，增速与上月持平；狭义货币（M1）同比增长0.1%，增速较上 月下降0.3个百分点。 5、2月企业新发放贷款（本外币）加权平均利率约3.3%，比上年同期低约40 ...

我们总爱回头看市场，拿着历史 K 线图，总是后悔没有在某个位置入场或离场，这会让我们产生一定的幻觉，觉得市场处处都是赚的机会。但实际上， 每个人的能力是有限的，只有赚能力范围内的钱，才是长期的和稳定的。 ——笔记哥《交易》 【笔记20250313— 择机降准≈择机娶你（-央行继续净回笼资金-股市尾盘跌幅收窄+央行再提"择机降准降息"+资金面平衡宽松=中上)】 资金面均衡宽松，长债收益率明显上行。 央行公开市场开展359亿元7天期逆回购操作，今日有1045亿元逆回购到期。净回笼686亿元。 资金面均衡宽松，资金价格平稳，DR001在1.77%附近、DR007在1.8%附近。 | | | | 银行间资金 | (2025. 03. 13) | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 回购代码 | 加权利率 | 变化 | 利率走势 | 最高利率 | 变化 | 成交量 | 变化量 | 成交量占 | | | (%) | (bp) | (近30天) | (%) | (bp) | (亿元) | (亿元) | 比 (%) | | R00 ...

下午17点21分，央妈的公众号发布了《 人行会议 》，里面涉及潘行的最新讲话，或者，应该算是会议纪要吧。 大家关心的，主要是下面这句，媒体也都在拼命highlight， 市场开始炒作降准降息。 我觉得，比较显然的是，结果不论，但对于这篇纪要， 市场关注的重心错了。 看新闻，或者说政策相关的新闻，核心是看边际的变化， 关于央妈的态度，近期主要看这三篇。 第一篇，上周三的《 政府工作报告 》，提到 " 适时降准降息 " ； 第二篇，上周四的《 潘行答记者问 》，提到 " 根据国内外经济金融形势和金融市场运行情况，择机降准降息 " ； 第三篇，也就是今天的会议上，提到 " 根据国内外经济金融形势和金融市场运行情况，择机降准降息 " 。 所以， 三篇稿子，其实是没有边际变化的 ，谈到的一直都是择机降准降息，没有增量信息，也就没有炒作，或者说去推演的价值。 更不能拿这句话，去推算出，即将降准降息。 而后面两篇提到的， " 根据国内外经济金融形势和金融市场运行情况 " 这句，始于四季度的货币政策报告，下图。 换句话说，"降准降息"的基调一直没变，但一直都是，根据外围的环境（汇率）、金融市场运行情况（前期债券过热，信贷资源 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Overweight" rating for the steel industry, indicating a positive outlook for the sector [28][42]. Core Insights - The report highlights a recovery in demand for steel, with total inventory decreasing and production profits improving, suggesting a stabilization in the market [39][40]. - The introduction of policies aimed at stabilizing the real estate market is expected to benefit various chemical products related to construction, indicating a potential growth area for the chemical industry [30][34]. - The robotics sector is experiencing significant advancements with the launch of the GO-1 model, which enhances the capabilities of embodied intelligence, suggesting a promising future for the robotics industry [13][15]. Summary by Sections Steel Industry - Recent data shows a rise in steel consumption, with a total apparent consumption of 8.53 million tons, an increase of 258,300 tons week-on-week [39]. - The report notes that the production profit for rebar has increased to 307.8 CNY/ton, reflecting a recovery in profitability for steel companies [40]. - The report anticipates that the demand for steel will stabilize as real estate policies take effect, reducing the negative impact previously observed [41]. Chemical Industry - The report emphasizes the government's commitment to stabilizing the real estate market, which is expected to drive demand for various chemical products used in construction [30]. - Specific chemical products such as MDI, soda ash, and titanium dioxide are highlighted as likely beneficiaries of the urban renewal initiatives [32][34]. - The report indicates that the price differentials for key chemical products are at historical lows, suggesting potential for recovery as demand improves [33]. Robotics Industry - The launch of the GO-1 model represents a significant advancement in embodied intelligence, with a reported success rate improvement of 32% compared to previous models [14][15]. - The report suggests that the GO-1 model will facilitate broader applications across various environments and tasks, enhancing the commercial viability of robotics [15]. - Investment opportunities are identified in domestic robotics manufacturers and component suppliers, indicating a growing market for robotics technology [15].

Inflation Trends - In February, China's Consumer Price Index (CPI) decreased by 0.7% year-on-year, against a market expectation of a 0.4% decline, following a 0.5% increase in January[1] - The average CPI for January-February showed a slight decline of 0.1% compared to the same period last year, while December's CPI had a 0.1% increase[5] - Food prices fell by 1.3% year-on-year in January-February, compared to a 0.5% decline in December[5] Core CPI and PPI Analysis - The core CPI for January-February increased by 0.3% year-on-year, slightly down from a 0.4% increase in December[5] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) in February dropped by 2.2% year-on-year, slightly worse than the expected 2.1% decline and an improvement from a 2.3% drop in the previous month[9] - The prices of production materials decreased by 2.5% year-on-year, contributing approximately 1.86 percentage points to the overall PPI decline[9] Price Movements and Policy Implications - February's PPI saw a month-on-month decrease of 0.1%, following a 0.2% decline in January[10] - The government has set a CPI growth target of around 2% for 2025, down from 3% in 2024, indicating a shift in monetary policy focus[13] - The report emphasizes the importance of maintaining liquidity and aligning monetary supply growth with economic growth and price expectations[13]