我们维持2026年美联储降息2-3次的判断。2025年三季度美国经济数据公布后，美国经济软着陆预期进 一步升温，美联储降息预期有所降温。我们维持2026年2-3次降息的判断，虽然美国经济韧性较强，但 是劳动力市场出现结构性、持续性走弱迹象，同时美联储主席换届会对降息有一定的助推作用。 炒股就看金麒麟分析师研报，权威，专业，及时，全面，助您挖掘潜力主题机会！ 来源：梁中华宏观研究 · 概要 · 2025年三季度美国经济数据超预期，主要源于个人消费韧性、公共支出增长，以及出口贡献提升。但是 表现出三重"K"型分化的特征，分别为个人收入消费分化、大小企业景气度分层和新老经济分化。预计 四季度美国经济短期冲击后，后续整体韧性依然较强。预防式降息周期仍将持续，维持2026年2-3次降 息的观点。 2025年三季度美国GDP环比折年率为4.3%，预期3.3%，前值3.8%，美国总体经济韧性超预期。从各经 济分项来看，三季度美国经济韧性主要源于个人消费韧性、公共支出增长，以及出口贡献提升。第一， 资本市场的财富效应持续支撑美国个人消费支出高增。美国消费与资本市场表现显著相关，2025年三季 度美国三大股指创历史新高，带动消 ...

Group 1: Economic Overview - US inflation for October and November was significantly lower than expected, with a potential rebound in December. The focus of the Federal Reserve has shifted towards addressing weak employment under a K-shaped recovery, maintaining an overall accommodative policy stance, and market expectations for interest rate cuts next year have increased [1][11] - In China, November data on consumption and investment showed weakness, indicating that domestic demand still needs stabilization. However, the recovery in export growth has supported industrial production, while retail sales were affected by the decline in government subsidies and the "Double Eleven" shopping festival [1][11] Group 2: Market Strategy - In the bond market, the funding environment remained stable, with short-term yields declining and mid to long-term yields showing volatility. The central bank is expected to implement substantial easing to lower bank funding costs ahead of potential interest rate cuts [2][12] - For A-shares, the framework indicates a bottoming of profits, but liquidity and risk appetite remain negative. The rapid decline in US CPI has raised expectations for interest rate cuts, positively impacting the offshore market [2][13] - The Hong Kong stock market is currently in a phase benefiting from liquidity but facing weak fundamentals. The improvement of the price level in 2026 will be crucial for market performance [2][13] Group 3: Commodity Insights - In the oil market, global economic fundamentals indicate weak demand, continuous supply release, and inventory accumulation, leading to sustained price pressure [3][14] - For gold, the reduction of uncertainties due to easing US-China trade tensions and a shift in focus from trade to domestic policy may lead to a gradual decrease in risk premiums, potentially slowing the pace of gold price increases while maintaining a positive long-term outlook [3][14]

Group 1: Macro and Strategy Overview - The article discusses the macroeconomic outlook for 2026, highlighting a "strong US and weak Europe" scenario, with the US economy expected to maintain steady growth supported by fiscal policies during the midterm election year [1][2] - The US Federal Reserve is anticipated to adopt a dovish stance, potentially lowering interest rates three times to around 3% [1][2] - The article warns of Japan potentially facing "stagflation," with rising inflation pressures possibly forcing the Bank of Japan to raise interest rates, contrasting with US and European central bank policies [1] Group 2: China's Economic Outlook - China's GDP growth is projected to reach 4.8% in 2026, characterized by stable external demand, improved internal demand, and price recovery [2][4] - The article outlines that fiscal policy will be more proactive, with a target deficit rate of 4.0%, corresponding to a deficit scale of 5.85 trillion yuan, and a total fiscal arrangement of 43 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.6 trillion yuan from the previous year [2][4] - Monetary policy is expected to be moderately accommodative, with a potential reduction in the OMO rate by 10 basis points to 1.3% and a reserve requirement ratio cut of 50 basis points [3][4] Group 3: Capital Market Insights - The domestic stock market is expected to grow, with A-shares projected to rise to a central level of 4,300 points, driven by improved liquidity and corporate performance [3][4] - The bond market may experience fluctuations, with the 10-year government bond yield expected to slightly rise to 1.8% [3][4] - Internationally, the article notes that the US stock market and Hong Kong stocks are likely to continue their upward trend, with the 10-year US Treasury yield expected to decrease to around 4.0% [3][4] Group 4: Asset Allocation Strategy - The article provides asset allocation recommendations for the next six months, suggesting a high allocation to Chinese government bonds and A-shares, while recommending a reduction in US dollar bonds [5] - It emphasizes an upward adjustment for growth-oriented stocks and technology sectors, particularly in the Hong Kong market [5]

Group 1: Market Overview - The A-share market experienced a fluctuating recovery pattern last week, with a divergence in index performance, characterized by a stronger Shanghai market compared to Shenzhen [7] - Under the expectation of "expanding domestic demand" policies and high dividend defensive attributes, consumption and non-bank financial sectors became the leading gainers, while previously active AI applications and hardware saw a pullback [7] - The average daily trading volume in the A-share market decreased to 1.76 trillion yuan, indicating a decline in market activity [7] Group 2: Economic Indicators - November consumption showed a significant slowdown due to high base effects and policy exhaustion, while fixed asset investment continued to decline, and the real estate market remained sluggish [7] - External demand was noted as a rare bright spot, but there are expectations for monetary stimulus and fiscal pre-positioning to improve domestic economic conditions in early next year [7] Group 3: Global Economic Context - The Bank of Japan's interest rate hike has led to a moderate recovery in market risk appetite, while the U.S. non-farm employment rate is expected to rise, and CPI is projected to be below market expectations [8] - Despite these indicators, the Federal Reserve is unlikely to take further directional actions in the short term, with expectations that it will not lower interest rates in January [8] Group 4: Industry Focus - The focus is shifting towards technology and manufacturing sectors, with a potential bottoming out of the recent global tech pullback [9] - Key factors for the future strength of the tech sector include improvements in large model capabilities and advancements in AI commercialization [9] - The manufacturing sector is expected to benefit from fiscal and monetary easing, with a focus on export-oriented manufacturing and real estate chains related to emerging markets [9]

美股和A股的消费一样惨，在今年已经成为共识，尽管股市火热，但涨的大部分是AI链条上的公司，大部分普通人从Ai并没有获得太多红利，因此，消费 整体表现平平，反倒因裁员，不断减少中产基数，压制消费意愿。 从跌幅看，大部分消费股都是今年严重跑输市场，也是很多消费长牛股历史以来，连续2年跟不上市场的罕见状态。 这一波大跌始于2024年6月，让大部分消费股的长期稳定性估值溢价消失，10来倍的PE已是常态，也让不少公司跌出深度价值。 但在上周，这一波下跌中带头的lululemon，Q3财报还是一如既往的低增速，与其他季度不同，这一季度的增速略超指引预期，下滑的势头有望止住，裁 员和关税的双重打击，像是扛过去了，同时公司还更换了CEO，这引发了更高的改革预期，让股价单日大涨10%，也是这一年来，非必选消费股板块首次 大幅跑赢美股大盘的情况。 中产阶级减少，裁员潮，也该有个尽头，股市积累的财富效应，还是会最终蔓延到各个阶层。10来倍的PE只要止跌，新一轮的回归又在酝酿当中。 所以，美股消费最难的时刻过去了吗？ 一、K型分化 从目前大量公司的股价表现看，非必选消费品，如餐饮及运动服饰，表现较差。不少个股年跌幅惊人。这也是美股历 ...

摘要： 2025年，中国酒业正式步入深度调整期的"深水区"。面对宏观经济环境的复杂变化与消费需求的结构性转折，行业正经历着前所未有的变革与洗牌。华信人 咨询最新发布的《2025中国酒行业白皮书》显示，行业"马太效应"加剧，供需关系正在重构，去库存与稳价盘成为年度核心关键词。本文基于华信人咨询的 深度洞察及多家券商研报数据，从周期特征、竞争格局、消费趋势及未来展望四个维度，深度剖析中国酒业在颠覆中重塑的演进路径。 一、 周期之变：从"增量扩容"到"存量博弈"的深水区 2025年是中国酒业发展史上具有分水岭意义的一年。经过数年的调整蓄势，行业并未如乐观预期般迅速迎来V型反转，而是进入了更为漫长且痛苦的"磨 底"阶段。华信人咨询在《2025中国酒行业白皮书》中指出，本轮调整不同于以往的周期性波动，而是叠加了宏观经济周期、产业结构周期与消费代际更替 周期的"三期叠加"。 1. 头部集中度持续攀升 尽管行业整体承压，但头部名酒的市场份额却在逆势扩张。数据显示，2023年白酒行业产量、收入、利润的CR6（前六大企业）占比分别为14%、46%和 62%，且仍有较大提升空间。到了2025年，这一趋势更加明显。在上市酒企中，仅 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has lowered the benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to a target range of 3.50-3.75%, indicating a shift towards a more dovish stance amid internal divisions within the committee [1][5][6]. Economic Outlook - The Fed expresses confidence in a "Goldilocks" scenario where high growth and stable inflation are expected to occur simultaneously, with the 2026 GDP growth forecast raised by 0.5 percentage points to 2.3% and PCE inflation forecast lowered by 0.2 percentage points to 2.4% [3][4]. - Concerns about employment risks are prioritized over inflation risks, with indications that the labor market is cooling down [3][4]. Policy Decisions - The Fed's decision to cut rates reflects increasing internal divisions, with 6 out of 19 committee members opposing the rate cut, suggesting a potential pause in future cuts [5][6]. - The initiation of a reserve management-type balance sheet expansion (RMP) aims to maintain liquidity, with an initial expansion rate of $40 billion per month [5][6]. Forward Guidance - The Fed may implement 2-4 additional rate cuts in 2026, totaling 50-100 basis points, with a potential slowing of the rate cut pace to one cut every two meetings [6][7]. - The Fed's balance sheet expansion will align with nominal GDP growth, with a mid-term expansion rate expected to be between $200-300 million per month [6][7]. Market Reactions - Market expectations for future rate cuts have shifted from 70 basis points to 53 basis points, with U.S. Treasury yields declining across the board [7][8]. - The stock market remains supported by the Fed's rate cuts, although concerns about high valuations and potential AI bubbles may lead to increased volatility [8][9]. Currency and Commodity Outlook - The dollar index has weakened, and the RMB is expected to appreciate moderately due to the ongoing rate cut cycle [9][10]. - Gold prices are anticipated to remain in a bullish trend, influenced by the Fed's rate cuts and ongoing geopolitical uncertainties [10].

文 |姑苏九歌 编辑 |姑苏九歌 12月5号这天，美股投资者估计比高考查分还紧张，推迟了一个多月的9月PCE数据终于要公布了。 要知道，这数据原该10月底就出来，结果美国政府一停摆，硬生生拖到现在，成了悬在市场头顶的"薛 定谔的猫"。 现在的美股有意思了，11月刚经历过一阵暴跌，转头又蹭蹭往历史高点冲，跟坐过山车似的。 这背后全靠一个信念撑着，美联储要降息了。 可经济信号又拧巴得很，一边通胀还没完全老实，另一边就业市场又开始冒凉风，搞得大家心里七上八 下。 之前8月核心PCE同比涨2.7%，已经连续55个月高于2%的目标，这次9月数据要是再不听话，之前的乐 观估计得打水漂。 市场提前狂欢，降息预期下的美股"蹦迪"时刻 要说最近的市场情绪，那真是把"预期先行"四个字玩明白了。 CMEFedWatch那个工具显示，现在赌12月降息的人，恨不得排到法国去，概率高得吓人。 就因为这股劲儿，美元指数连着跌了四周，亚洲欧洲的股指期货也跟着沾光，每天开盘跟打了鸡血似 的。 这波上涨多少有点"透支"的意思，大家生怕错过行情，得了"踏空焦虑症"，不管三七二十一先买了再 说。 行为金融学里管这叫FOMO情绪，翻译过来就是"怕错过 ...

环球市场动态 A 股周二涨跌不一，英伟达链支撑 大市；港股表现低迷，恒指国指双 双刷新月内新低；欧股小幅收低， 市场等待美联储议息；美股震荡走 势，市场观望情绪浓厚。 外 汇 / 商 品 受成品油走软拖累，周二国际油价 下跌 1%，连续第二天回落；交易员 押注美联储降息且白银供应趋紧， 现货白银首次突破 60 美元，再创 历史新高。 固 定 收 益 周二美国国债下跌，收益率曲线走 平。10 月职位空缺高于预期。十年 期美债拍卖相对平稳。亚洲债市交 投平淡。法国议会通过 2026 年社 保预算。今天将有 12 月议息决议 公布。 产品及投资方案部 注：bp/bps=基点；pt/pts=百分点 中信证券财富管理 (香港) 免责声明请参考封底 2025 年 12 月 10 日 美 国 经 济 的 K 型 分 化 现 象 股 票 ▪ 美国今年假日季的消费需求尽显韧性，但伴随着 "穷者愈发拮据、富者扩张消费" 的 K 型分化现象。我们发现 美国居民部门的收支两端都存在加剧购买力分化的因素，低收入者近年来面临的涨价压力更大，且其薪资增速 在过去一年的放缓比高收入者更明显，人工智能浪潮催生的企业行为变化和风险管理式降息周期 ...

美国经济的繁荣，本质上是一场少数人的盛宴，其核心支柱是两大相互绑定的泡沫，股市泡沫与AI泡沫。 截至2025年10月，"巴菲特指标"已突破219%，美国上市公司总市值达到经济总量的两倍多，远超2007年金融危机前的105%和2000年互联网泡沫时的138%， 创下历史最高纪录。 这种泡沫的受益者高度集中：最富有的10%人群持有全美国近90%的股票，而底层50%人口仅持有1%。 财富的极度集中直接体现在消费端，《华尔街日报》数据显示，这10%的富人贡献了49.7%的全国消费支出，占GDP的三分之一，成为经济增长的主要推 手。 美国股市屡创新高、GDP保持增长，看似一副经济强劲的模样，但为何超过一半的美国民众却感受不到繁荣，反而深陷生活压力？ 这种表面光鲜与民生困境的巨大反差，背后藏着怎样的结构性危机？所谓的经济增长，究竟是真实复苏还是泡沫堆砌的幻觉？ 更危险的是市场集中度空前提升，"七大科技巨头"仅占美国上市公司总数的0.12%，却贡献了30.35%的总市值，2025年前9个月其市值增长占股市总增长的 52.37%。 扩展到"十大巨头"后，更是占据了标准普尔500指数38%的市值，少数企业的涨跌直接决定了全国经 ...