证券研究报告·宏观报告·宏观点评 宏观点评 20250915 每周宏观经济和资产配置研判—20250915 2025 年 09 月 15 日 [Table_Summary] ◼ 国内宏观观点： ➢ 8 月内外需求均有所走弱，供给调整滞后于需求，使得短期供给强、需 求弱的格局有所强化。具体来看，内需中投资连续两个月当月同比负增 长，社零增速自 5 月来持续下行，外需在持续超预期后，8 月也开始回 落；与需求端全面走弱不同的是，经济供给虽然也有小幅下行，但整体 仍然维持高位，工业和服务业生产增速都在 5%以上。往后看，当前供 给跟需求的背离会带来三个结果，一是 GDP 增速更靠近供给数据，预 计 Q3 仍在 5%附近，更强的经济数据下，年内宏观政策可能更有定力， 除了即将落地的政策性金融工具外，其他稳增长政策可能节奏偏慢。二 是供给强于需求，导致价格压力加大，可能会影响反内卷政策提升物价 的效果。三是供给和需求的背离不可持续，从以往经验来看，如果需求 不能走强，那么供给会跟随需求下行，四季度 GDP 的压力会大于三季 度。 ◼ 海外宏观观点： ➢ 8 月公布的 CPI 环比虽略超预期，但结构细节显示关税带来的通胀 ...

Economic Overview - August economic data shows continued slowdown, with six major indicators (exports, industrial output, services, retail sales, investment, and real estate sales) all below previous values. GDP estimates based on production and expenditure methods are approximately 4.67%, lower than July's 4.91% [1][7][8] Industrial Performance - Industrial added value in August grew by 5.2%, down from 5.7% in the previous month. The slowdown in export delivery value, which saw a year-on-year decline of 0.4%, is a significant drag on industrial performance [2][12] - High-tech industries continue to show resilience, with added value increasing by 9.3%. Key products like new energy vehicles and solar cells maintain high growth rates [2][13] Retail Sales - Retail sales growth in August was 3.4%, a decrease from 3.7% in July. Notable trends include accelerated rural consumption and a slowdown in urban consumption [3][14] - Categories with relatively high growth include sports and entertainment, jewelry, and home appliances, driven by service consumption trends and policy benefits [3][15] Fixed Asset Investment - Fixed asset investment saw a significant decline, with cumulative year-on-year growth dropping from 1.6% to 0.5%, and a monthly decline of 6.3%, worsening from -5.2% previously. Real estate, manufacturing, and infrastructure investments are all contributing to this downturn [4][16] - Manufacturing investment showed a year-on-year decline of 1.3%, indicating a slowdown in equipment updates [4][16] Real Estate Market - The real estate sector is experiencing a downward trend, with sales area, new starts, construction, and investment all showing increased year-on-year declines. The new housing price index in 70 major cities fell by 0.3% month-on-month, consistent with previous values [5][20][21] - Real estate investment in August saw a year-on-year decline of 19.4%, with new construction area down by 20.3% [5][20] Economic Phases - The economic rhythm of this year can be divided into three phases: strong growth in Q1 driven by exports and real estate, a resilient Q2 despite external disturbances, and a noticeable slowdown in July and August [5][22] - If Q3 GDP is estimated at 4.8%, achieving the annual target of 5.0% will require a Q4 growth rate of approximately 4.64% [5][22] Policy Outlook - Current macroeconomic policy is in the second phase, focusing on stabilizing cash flow and profit statements. The government is expected to continue its counter-cyclical adjustments following the release of August economic data [6][23]

8月份，社会消费品零售总额为39668亿元，同比增长3.4%。其中，除汽车以外的消费品零售额为35575亿元，增长3.7%。1—8月份，社会消费品零售总额 为323906亿元，增长4.6%。其中，除汽车以外的消费品零售额为292643亿元，增长5.1%。 2025年1—8月份，全国固定资产投资（不含农户）326111亿元，同比增长0.5%。其中，民间固定资产投资同比下降2.3%。从环比看，8月份固定资产投资 （不含农户）下降0.20%。 重磅数据来了！ 9月15日，国家统计局公布最新统计数据：8月份，规模以上工业增加值同比实际增长5.2%（增加值增速均为扣除价格因素的实际增长率）。从环比看，8 月份，规模以上工业增加值比上月增长0.37%。 1—8月份，规模以上工业增加值同比增长6.2%。 8月份，社会消费品零售总额39668亿元，同比增长3.4%；环比增长0.17%。按经营单位所在地分，城镇消费品零售额34387亿元，同比增长3.2%；乡村消 费品零售额5281亿元，增长4.6%。按消费类型分，商品零售额35172亿元，增长3.6%；餐饮收入4496亿元，增长2.1%。基本生活类和部分升级类商品销售 增势良 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report In August 2025, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, the national economy maintained a generally stable and progressive development trend. Production and demand were basically stable, employment and prices were generally stable, and new driving forces were cultivated and strengthened [3]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Industry - In August, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 5.2% year - on - year and 0.37% month - on - month. The added value of the mining industry, manufacturing, and the production and supply of electricity, heat, gas, and water increased by 5.1%, 5.7%, and 2.4% year - on - year respectively. The added value of the equipment manufacturing industry and high - tech manufacturing industry increased by 8.1% and 9.3% year - on - year respectively, faster than the overall industrial added value [3]. - From January to August, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 6.2% year - on - year. In August, the manufacturing purchasing managers' index was 49.4%, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month; the enterprise production and operation activity expectation index was 53.7%, up 1.1 percentage points [3]. - From January to July, the total profit of industrial enterprises above designated size was 40204 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 1.7% [3]. Services - In August, the national service industry production index increased by 5.6% year - on - year. The production indexes of information transmission, software and information technology services, finance, and leasing and business services increased by 12.1%, 9.2%, and 7.4% year - on - year respectively, faster than the service industry production index [4]. - From January to August, the national service industry production index increased by 5.9% year - on - year. From January to July, the operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased by 7.4% year - on - year [4]. - In August, the service industry business activity index was 50.5%, up 0.5 percentage points from the previous month; the service industry business activity expectation index was 57.0%, up 0.4 percentage points. Some industries were in the high - level boom range [4]. Consumption - In August, the total retail sales of consumer goods were 39668 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 3.4% and a month - on - month increase of 0.17%. The retail sales of urban and rural consumer goods increased by 3.2% and 4.6% year - on - year respectively. The retail sales of goods and catering revenue increased by 3.6% and 2.1% respectively [5]. - From January to August, the total retail sales of consumer goods were 323906 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 4.6%. The national online retail sales were 99828 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 9.6%. The online retail sales of physical goods were 80964 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 6.4%, accounting for 25.0% of the total retail sales of consumer goods [5]. - From January to August, the service retail sales increased by 5.1% year - on - year, with relatively fast growth in cultural and sports leisure services, tourism consulting and leasing services, and transportation services [5]. Investment - From January to August, the national fixed - asset investment (excluding rural households) was 326111 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 0.5%. Excluding real estate development investment, it increased by 4.2%. Infrastructure investment increased by 2.0%, manufacturing investment increased by 5.1%, and real estate development investment decreased by 12.9% [6]. - The sales area of newly built commercial housing was 57304 million square meters, a year - on - year decrease of 4.7%; the sales volume was 55015 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 7.3% [6]. - In August, fixed - asset investment (excluding rural households) decreased by 0.20% month - on - month [6]. Import and Export - In August, the total volume of goods imports and exports was 38744 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 3.5%. Exports were 23035 billion yuan, an increase of 4.8%; imports were 15709 billion yuan, an increase of 1.7% [7]. - From January to August, the total volume of goods imports and exports was 295696 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 3.5%. Exports were 176056 billion yuan, an increase of 6.9%; imports were 119640 billion yuan, a decrease of 1.2% [7]. - From January to August, general trade imports and exports increased by 2.2%, accounting for 63.9% of the total import and export volume. Imports and exports to countries along the Belt and Road increased by 5.4%. Private enterprise imports and exports increased by 7.4%, accounting for 57.1% of the total import and export volume, 2.1 percentage points higher than the previous year [7]. Price - In August, the national consumer price index (CPI) decreased by 0.4% year - on - year and remained flat month - on - month. The core CPI excluding food and energy prices increased by 0.9% year - on - year, with the growth rate expanding by 0.1 percentage points from the previous month [8]. - From January to August, the national consumer price index decreased by 0.1% year - on - year [8]. - In August, the ex - factory price of industrial producers decreased by 2.9% year - on - year, with the decline narrowing by 0.7 percentage points, and remained flat month - on - month; the purchase price of industrial producers decreased by 4.0% year - on - year, with the decline narrowing by 0.5 percentage points, and remained flat month - on - month [8]. Employment - From January to August, the average urban surveyed unemployment rate nationwide was 5.2%. In August, the urban surveyed unemployment rate was 5.3%, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month, the same as the same month of the previous year [8]. - The surveyed unemployment rate of local household registration labor force was 5.4%; the surveyed unemployment rate of non - local household registration labor force was 5.0%, among which the surveyed unemployment rate of non - local agricultural household registration labor force was 4.7% [8]. - The surveyed unemployment rate in 31 large - scale cities was 5.3%, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month and down 0.1 percentage points from the same month of the previous year. The average weekly working hours of enterprise employees nationwide were 48.5 hours [8].

Macro and Strategy Research - The US labor market shows signs of weakness, with August non-farm employment data falling short of expectations and previous months' figures revised downwards, indicating a potential deterioration trend [3][4] - In Europe, the European Central Bank remains confident about future inflation and economic growth, with market expectations for a rate cut before mid-2026 dropping below 50% [4] - Domestic exports in China have declined year-on-year due to high base effects from last year, but exports to non-US regions continue to perform better, which may influence future growth [4][7] - The PPI in China is expected to show a low recovery in September, while CPI growth is significantly affected by food and energy prices [4][7] Fixed Income Research - The yield curve has steepened, with the bond market under pressure due to a strong equity market and adjustments in redemption fees affecting market sentiment [8][9] - In the primary market, the issuance of interest rate bonds totaled 74, with a net financing amount of 45.2 billion yuan, indicating a gradual decrease in supply pressure [7][9] - The central bank's actions, including potential 14-day reverse repos, will be crucial in determining the liquidity situation in the market [9] Industry Research - Chinese pharmaceutical companies showcased impressive research results at the World Lung Cancer Conference (WCLC), highlighting the strength of domestic innovation [10][12] - Hengrui Medicine has signed a licensing agreement for the HRS-1893 project and has received drug registration approval, indicating its ongoing expansion efforts [11][12] - The overall performance of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector has been positive, with the industry index showing a 1.76% increase, outperforming other sectors [11][12] - The upcoming China Clinical Oncology Society (CSCO) annual meeting and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) conference are expected to provide further insights into the industry's development [12]

交易咨询业务资格：证监许可【2012】1091号 聚烯烃早报 2025-9-15 大越期货投资咨询部 金泽彬 从业资格证号：F3048432 投资咨询证号： Z0015557 联系方式：0575-85226759 重要提示：本报告非期货交易咨询业务项下服务，其中的观点和信息仅作参考之用，不构成对任何人的投资建议。 我 司不会因为关注、收到或阅读本报告内容而视相关人员为客户；市场有风险，投资需谨慎。 • LLDPE概述： • 1. 基本面：宏观方面，8月份，官方PMI为49.4，比上月上升0.1个百分点，财新PMI50.4，较 前月上升0.6个百分点，制造业景气度有所改善。8 月以美元计价的中国出口额为3218.1 亿美元， 同比增长4.4%，较 7 月有所回落。原油方面，原油价格震荡，近日以色列袭击卡塔尔首都引发 中东地缘政治再次动荡，美欧等欲对俄油实施二级制裁。供需端，农膜逐渐进入旺季，但整体需 求仍较往年偏弱，其余包装膜等需求有所回升。当前LL交割品现货价7180（-20），基本面整体 中性； • 2. 基差： LLDPE 2601合约基差11，升贴水比例0.2%，中性； • 3. 库存：PE综合库存54 ...

#数据 中国8月规模以上工业增加值同比增5.2%，预期5.7%；8月社会消费品零售总额同比增3.4%，预期3.9%；8月城镇调查失业率5.3%，预期5.2%；1-8月城镇固定资产投资同比增0.5%，预期1.4%。 https://t.co/Ne0ncqSvWs ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - **Industry**: Chinese Banking Sector - **Date of Conference**: September 3-5, 2025 - **Location**: Hangzhou and Beijing Core Insights 1. **Economic Support and Government Policies**: The Chinese government has prioritized economic support through various policies since September 2024, including rate cuts and consumption stimuli, leading to a recovering capital market and alleviation of local government financing vehicle (LGFV) debt issues [2][3][4] 2. **GDP Growth Outlook**: Despite recent weakening economic data, experts believe China is on track to meet its approximately 5% GDP growth target for 2025, aided by a favorable base effect in the second half of the year. However, 2026 presents heightened risks [3][12] 3. **Monetary and Fiscal Policies**: Further policy rate cuts are deemed unlikely for the remainder of 2025, with a preference for targeted fiscal subsidies. The potential introduction of a consumption tax reform in 2025 is also noted [3][4][12] 4. **Inflation and Economic Structure**: Weak inflation persists, attributed to structural issues and overcapacity in the investment-driven growth model, particularly in manufacturing. Experts emphasize the need for long-term structural reforms [11][13] 5. **Capital Market Recovery**: The capital market is showing signs of recovery, supported by easing US-China tensions and improved global liquidity. The upward momentum is expected to continue [15] Banking Sector Insights 1. **Net Interest Margin (NIM) Outlook**: Banks are less negative about NIM outlooks, with many indicating that NIM is near its bottom and may stabilize soon. However, loan demand remains lackluster, particularly from non-government corporates and retail sectors [5][24] 2. **Dividend Preferences**: In light of macroeconomic uncertainties, banks with higher dividend yields, such as ICBC, CCB, CITIC, and regional banks like BOCD and BOHZ, are preferred [5][24] 3. **Individual Bank Performance**: - **ICBC**: Expects improved earnings in H2 2025, driven by fee income growth and trading gains, despite a slight decline in NIM [25] - **CCB**: Anticipates NIM stabilization, with potential downward pressure from previous LPR cuts [26] - **BOC**: Expects NIM to bottom out and aims to prioritize wealth management and consumer finance [27] - **CITIC**: Predicts stable NIM and improvement in retail asset quality by early next year [28] - **SPDB**: Noted revenue and NPAT growth in H1, with a focus on technology finance and inclusive finance [30] Additional Considerations 1. **Consumption Trends**: Retail consumer goods sales growth has slowed, with services consumption becoming increasingly significant, accounting for approximately 46% of total consumption in 2024. Policies to boost consumption are expected to be emphasized [16][17] 2. **Property Market Dynamics**: The residential property market remains weak, but there is high demand for quality homes. Experts express skepticism about new property policies due to limited room for easing [22][18] 3. **Tariff and Trade Outlook**: Tariffs are expected to remain stable, with potential RMB appreciation driven by trade dynamics. The relationship between China and the US is characterized as tight, with full decoupling seen as unlikely [19][22] Conclusion The conference highlighted a cautious yet optimistic outlook for the Chinese banking sector, with a focus on stabilizing NIMs, improving asset quality, and navigating macroeconomic challenges. The emphasis on structural reforms and consumption growth indicates a strategic shift in policy direction moving forward.

宏观周周谈：近期经济数据有何亮点？20250914 摘要 8 月社融增速小幅回落至 18.8%，表明宏观流动性拐点已现，利好债市。 信贷新增同比减少，政府债发行节奏前置是主因，间接融资增长乏力制 约社融增长。 2025 年 8 月中国出口同比增长 3%，进口同比下降 1%，受全球需求疲 软和中美贸易摩擦影响。CPI 同比上涨 2.3%，PPI 同比下降 1.6%，反 映消费端与生产端存在结构性问题。 美国就业市场稳健，失业率维持在 3.9%，但劳动参与率略有下降。通 胀压力持续，CPI 同比上涨 4%，核心 CPI 上涨 3.6%。市场预期美联储 将连续降息以应对经济放缓和高通胀。 8 月短期贷款显著增长，与企业生产经营意愿改善有关。制造业 PMI 采 购量指数和原材料购进价格指数回升，企业融资环境指数也环比回升。 8 月票据市场承兑和贴现额同比增长，但票据融资规模减少。票据利率 震荡下行，反映银行以票冲贷动力减弱，低利率也影响贴现意愿。 8 月 M2 增速持平，M1 增速攀升至 6.0%，M1 与 M2 剪刀差修复，表 明资金流动性增强，有助于经济活动恢复。债券市场自 8 月以来普遍上 行，与社融增速拐点背 ...

Group 1: Market Outlook - The Federal Reserve's upcoming interest rate cut is expected to influence China's capital market, potentially leading to a stable upward trend in A-shares, which may outperform U.S. stocks[1] - Since late June, A-shares have shown a synchronized performance with U.S. stocks, with A-shares experiencing upward movements following U.S. stock market highs[1] - The resilience of the A-share market reflects increasing attractiveness and inclusivity, as evidenced by its performance in both the overall market and technology sectors[1] Group 2: Monetary Policy Insights - The Federal Reserve is likely to cut rates by 25 basis points due to weak employment and manageable inflation, despite complex inflation dynamics compared to last year[2] - Domestic interest rate cuts may be delayed as economic pressures and market sentiment are better than in Q3 of last year, reducing the urgency for immediate cuts[2] - There remains potential for domestic rate cuts in Q4 as economic pressures increase and the Fed continues its rate-cutting trajectory[2] Group 3: Fiscal Policy and Economic Indicators - The fiscal revenue shortfall has expanded by approximately 680 billion yuan compared to the initial budget, indicating a need for enhanced fiscal and monetary policy coordination in Q4[3] - The early issuance of local government debt quotas aims to stabilize expectations and guide local governments in project preparation, particularly in light of the current fiscal constraints[4] - The rising youth unemployment rate may trigger further monetary easing, as historical trends suggest that increasing unemployment often leads to rate cuts[6]