1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Since 2021, the bond market yield has entered a downward cycle, influenced by the shift of monetary credit from supply - constraint to demand - constraint, the change of economic endogenous momentum, and insufficient effective demand [4][134][137] - The U.S. may shift from "loose fiscal + tight monetary" to "tight fiscal + tight monetary" during the debt - reduction process, and the Fed's rate - cut may require a significant weakening of the labor market [2][97] - China's current economic situation shows weak domestic demand and declining external demand. Policy elasticity may lie in the consumption sector, and monetary policy will gradually ease to cooperate with fiscal policy [3][131] - In Q2 2025, "macro - prudential" supervision may give way to loose trading, and the bond market curve may change from flat to bull - steep [4] 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 1月至今债市走势分析及其宏观逻辑 - **Monthly Trends** - In January 2025, to stabilize the exchange rate and the central bank suspended buying treasury bonds, resulting in tight funds, short - term bond corrections, and long - term bond fluctuations [1][51] - In February, tight funds spread to banks, weakening easing expectations, and both short - and long - term bonds accelerated their corrections [2][51] - In March, the funds returned to equilibrium. In the first half of the month, the bond market self - adjusted due to the revision of easing expectations, and in the second half, long - term bonds gradually recovered [51] - In April, due to increased external uncertainties, long - term bonds fell to a low level and then fluctuated narrowly [2] - **Interest Rate Curve** - From January to April 2025, the interest rate curve changed from "bear - flat" to "bear - steep" and then to "bull - flat." The flat curve reflected pessimistic expectations of liquidity and fundamentals, which cannot coexist for a long time [22] - **Credit Spreads** - In 2025, the credit spread of medium - term notes showed an obvious compression trend, while that of commercial bank secondary capital bonds fluctuated [27] - **Duration Strategy** - In February - March 2025, the duration strategy underperformed, but in April, the long - duration strategy became dominant again [31] - **Market Logic** - Fundamentally, the economy was booming in Q1 2025, but external changes disturbed expectations. In terms of funds, from January to February, tight funds led to bond market corrections; from March to April, the central bank's attitude became more favorable, and the bond market strengthened. Institutionally, in January - February, institutions reduced duration and leverage; in March - April, the long - duration strategy was preferred, and institutions bet on long - term bond capital gains [51] 3.2 "对等关税"背后的"特里芬难题"与潜在冲击 - **Triffin Dilemma** - The Triffin Dilemma refers to the coexistence of the global credit of the US dollar and long - term trade deficits. The long - term trade deficit may lead to the hollowing - out of the manufacturing industry and debt inflation in the US [54][56] - **First Impact of the Triffin Dilemma** - The Bretton Woods system basically collapsed in the 1970s due to the continuous expansion of US demand and the rapid shrinkage of US gold reserves [61] - **Consequences of the Triffin Dilemma** - The global credit of the US dollar may lead to a high - valued dollar, which is negative for US manufacturing exports. The critical point of the Triffin Dilemma is the continuous expansion of the deficit, which may trigger credit risks for reserve assets [65][70] - **"海湖庄园协议"** - The core of the "Mar - a - Lago Agreement" is to reduce debt and revitalize the industrial system through measures such as replacing foreign - held US bonds with ultra - long - term zero - coupon bonds and asking countries to cooperate in depressing the dollar exchange rate [71][75] - **US Fiscal - Monetary Policy Shift** - The US may shift from "loose fiscal + loose monetary" to "tight fiscal + loose monetary" to break the negative feedback loop of "fiscal expansion - increased interest payments - passive fiscal expansion" [79][84] - **US Economic Situation** - Currently, a US recession is not the baseline scenario. The US economy has not significantly slowed down, and the employment market remains resilient. However, if labor - market "hard data" weakens significantly, recession trading may resume [90][93] - **Potential Impact of "Reciprocal Tariffs"** - "Reciprocal tariffs" may lead to a decline in global trade volume and a decrease in the potential economic growth rate [94][96] 3.3 Policy Hedging and Domestic Demand Stimulation: Focus on One's Own Affairs - **Political Bureau Meeting** - The April 2025 Political Bureau Meeting mainly implemented established policies, with highlights possibly in structural monetary policy tools [100] - **Three - Horse Carriage** - **Investment**: Weak investment is due to the downward real - estate cycle, limited infrastructure investment space under local debt regulations, and insufficient effective demand restricting manufacturing expansion [3][110] - **Export**: The export structure is being improved. Non - US economies contribute significantly to export growth but with high volatility, and high - tech products are not the main support for exports [3][116] - **Consumption**: Constrained by weak income expectations and falling housing prices, consumption has room for improvement compared to developed economies, and top - level meetings have increased their emphasis on it [3][119][121] - **Monetary Policy** - With the issuance of special treasury bonds, monetary policy is gradually easing to cooperate with fiscal policy. In May, as a credit - off month, weak credit demand may lead to spontaneous easing [122][130] 3.4 Nested in the Macro - Prudential Interest Rate Downward Cycle - **Macro - background of the Interest Rate Downward Cycle** - Since 2021, the bond market yield has been in a downward cycle, driven by the shift of monetary credit from supply - constraint to demand - constraint, the change of economic endogenous momentum, and insufficient effective demand [4][134][137] - **Macro - Prudential Assessment** - The bond market is expanding, mainly driven by interest - rate bonds, and investors face more interest - rate risks. Current regulatory assessments focus more on credit expansion, lacking constraints on interest - rate and duration risks. Asset management product scale is increasing, and fixed - income asset allocation is strong. Banks and insurance institutions face the pressure of inverted liability costs and asset returns. Monetary easing is necessary but needs to balance internal and external factors and risks [4][142][155] - **Q2 Market Outlook** - In Q2, "macro - prudential" supervision may give way to loose trading. Monetary - fiscal cooperation may be prioritized to boost domestic demand and hedge external risks. The liquidity in Q2 is expected to be loose, and the bond - curve shape may change from flat to bull - steep [4]

黄金不说话，但已加速金融化。 一个前所未有的"黄金时代"悄然而至，全球央行、华尔街投行乃至个体投资者都在蜂拥购金。 （原标题：【首席观察】黄金：加速金融化） 黄金加速金融化的背后是货币秩序重构下的投资新逻辑。 过去数十年间，以美元为核心的国际货币秩序主导着全球经济与金融市场的运行规律。但随着近期全球 政治经济形势的变化，"去美元化"趋势愈发凸显，黄金正以极强的价格韧性进入全球投资视野：它既是 资产配置的锚点，也是未来货币体系的候补角色。 世界黄金协会最新数据显示，2025年一季度，全球黄金需求同比增长1%，至1206吨，为2016年以来的 最高一季度水平。其中，黄金ETF（交易型开放式证券投资基金）资金流入大幅回升。 2025年一季度，我国增持黄金12.75吨。截至3月底，我国黄金储备升至2292.33吨；国内黄金ETF持仓增 长23.47吨，同比增长327.73%；国内黄金ETF持有量达138.21吨。 中国人寿与工行于3月25日完成首笔保险资金黄金询价交易，标志着险资正式入场。这不仅拓展了黄金 投资主体，也可能强化黄金市场长期买盘逻辑。 威灵顿投资管理全球投资及多元资产策略师Nanette Abuhoff ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the challenges faced by the dollar system due to the spillover effects of the Federal Reserve's monetary policy, the weaponization of the dollar, and significant changes in the global economic landscape [1][2][8] - The Milan Report proposes the "Mar-a-Lago Accord" as a strategy for the U.S. to reshape the global economic order through dollar depreciation, debt restructuring, and trade confrontation [2][4] - The dollar's status as the dominant reserve currency is linked to U.S. financial control, which is maintained through military alliances and economic strategies [3][6] Group 2 - The dollar's financial control manifests in three key areas: international pricing power, financial sanctions, and crisis transfer [4][5] - The U.S. has leveraged its financial control to impose sanctions, as seen in the Ukraine crisis, which has raised concerns about the safety of dollar assets and accelerated the process of "de-dollarization" [10][11] - The "Triffin Dilemma" poses a structural challenge to the dollar system, where the need for liquidity through U.S. deficits undermines the dollar's credibility [7][12] Group 3 - The article highlights the impact of the dollar's hegemony on global financial stability, emphasizing that the current U.S. policies may exacerbate internal contradictions within the dollar system [8][9] - The spillover effects of the Federal Reserve's monetary policy have led to global financial cycles, with significant repercussions for emerging markets [9] - The weaponization of the dollar has contributed to the fragmentation of the global financial system, prompting countries to seek alternative payment mechanisms [10][11] Group 4 - The article suggests that the U.S. strategy of "debt monetization" could undermine global financial stability, as proposed in the Milan Report [12][13] - The potential implementation of long-term zero-coupon bonds could lead to a loss of confidence in U.S. Treasury securities, impacting global markets [12][13] - The need for a diversified international monetary system is emphasized, with recommendations for enhancing the use of the renminbi in global trade [13][14] Group 5 - The article advocates for the construction of a new international monetary order based on the concept of a "community of shared future for mankind," promoting cooperation among countries [16] - It highlights the importance of regional financial cooperation and the establishment of a multilateral currency settlement system to reduce reliance on third-party currencies [16] - The development of a digital currency payment system is seen as a crucial step towards reforming the international payment system and enhancing the renminbi's role [15][16]

凤凰网财经 . 你好，我们是凤凰网财经，全球华人都在看的财经公众号，传播最有价值的财经报道，你值得关注！欢 迎访问：http://finance.ifeng.com/ 以下文章来源于凤凰网财经 ，作者凤凰网财经 作者： 凤凰网财经 来源： 凤凰网财经 特朗普或 创下 "尴尬"新纪录 。 据财联社报道， 自 1月20日特朗普重返白宫至4月25日，美元指数累计下跌近9% ， 料将 创下 1973年尼克松时代以来美国总统任期前100天的最大跌幅。这一表现与1973年 " 尼克松冲击 " 时期形成历史性呼应 ——彼时布雷顿森林体系崩溃引发全球抛售美元，而如今特朗普反复无常的 关税威胁、对美联储独立性的干预，以及对传统国际秩序根基的动摇，正重演"去美元化"浪潮。 数据显示，自尼克松第二任期开启至拜登执政前，美国总统任内前 100天美元平均回报率为 0.9%，而特朗普的政策已使美元成为全球资本的"弃儿"。欧元、瑞郎和日元兑美元汇率涨幅均 超8%，黄金价格同步攀升，蒙特利尔银行指出："美元作为储备货币的三大支柱——制度信任、 自由贸易和稳定外交政策正在瓦解。" 01 历史重现——布雷顿森林体系崩塌与美元"假死" 1971年 ...

Core Viewpoint - The current U.S. tariff war is an attempt to address the structural contradictions within the U.S. debt-dollar system, which is an evolution of the "Triffin Dilemma" [2][5] Summary by Sections U.S. Tariff War Reasons - The tariff war is initiated to tackle the unsustainable fiscal situation caused by trade deficits, aiming to resolve the inherent contradictions of the U.S. debt-dollar system [2] - The U.S. has imposed tariffs on various imports, including a 25% tariff on imported cars and a 30% tariff on goods valued under $800 [1] Tariff Calculation Issues - The U.S. tariff calculation method is flawed, using a formula that overestimates the necessary tariff rates by about double [3][4] - The formula's assumptions regarding price elasticity of demand and supply are inaccurate, leading to potential miscalculations in expected tariff impacts [3][4] Economic Impact of Tariffs - The tariff increases are expected to raise domestic prices, with an average cost increase of $2,700 per household and a potential rise in core inflation by 1.7% to 2.1% [7] - The tariff war is likely to reduce bilateral trade and weaken the dollar's status as a reserve currency, as evidenced by rising U.S. debt yields and a declining dollar index [5][7] Recommendations for Response - The company suggests increasing macroeconomic countermeasures, including fiscal and monetary policies to mitigate the impact of tariffs [9][10] - Emphasis on enhancing consumer income and building a robust domestic demand market is recommended to counteract the effects of the tariff war [10] - The company advocates for further innovation support to maintain a competitive edge in global supply chains, particularly in high-tech and emerging industries [11]

来源|凤凰网财经 特朗普或 创下 "尴尬"新纪录 。 据财联社报道， 自 1月20日特朗普重返白宫至4月25日，美元指数累计下跌近9% ， 料将 创下 1973年尼克松时代以来美国总统任期前100天的 最大跌幅。这一表现与1973年 " 尼克松冲击 " 时期形成历史性呼应 ——彼时布雷顿森林体系崩溃引发全球抛售美元，而如今特朗普反复无常的关 税威胁、对美联储独立性的干预，以及对传统国际秩序根基的动摇，正重演"去美元化"浪潮。 瑞银、德银接连下调美元预期，押注贸易谈判转机；对冲基金美元净空头头寸达 100亿美元，创2024年来新高；部分投资者预期汽车关税豁免等政 策回旋可能。市场博弈下是衰退信号，还是政策倒逼策略？ 数据显示，自尼克松第二任期开启至拜登执政前，美国总统任内前 100天美元平均回报率为0.9%，而特朗普的政策已使美元成为全球资本的"弃 儿"。欧元、瑞郎和日元兑美元汇率涨幅均超8%，黄金价格同步攀升，蒙特利尔银行指出："美元作为储备货币的三大支柱——制度信任、自由贸 易和稳定外交政策正在瓦解。" 01 历史重现——布雷顿森林体系崩塌与美元"假死" 1971年8月15日，尼克松宣布美元与黄金脱钩，这场 ...

长按即可参与 风险提示：本文所提到的观点仅代表个人的意见，所涉及标的不作推荐，据此买卖，风险自负。 作者： David_Pan 来源：雪球 雪球三分法是雪球基于"长期投资+资产配置"推出的基金配置理念，通过资产分散、市场分散、时机分散 这三大分散进行基金长期投资，从而实现投资收益来源多元化和风险分散化。 | 1本投资好书，0元包邮到家 | | --- | | 7天系统课程,搭建投资框架 | | 市场深度解析,投资机会早知道 | | 高手社群交流,扫平投资认知差 | 要知道 ， 市场公认各国央行增持是本轮黄金上涨的重要推手 ， 而其中最大的中国央行暂停增持 ， 无疑会对黄金的上涨逻辑形成重大打击 。 由于历史上中国央行每轮增持黄金 ， 无一例外均 出现了黄金的大涨 ， 因此市场中有一部分很聪明的资金是紧盯着中国央行做黄金 ， 央行买他就 买 ， 央行不买他就卖 ， 这部分资金可谓从无败绩 ， 我们为什么敢于去接盘呢 ？ 先回顾上一轮央行停止增持黄金的影响 。 央行上一轮自2022年11月开始增持黄金 ， 起初黄金 价格只是温和上涨 ， 但进入2024年后黄金突然加速上涨 ， 至6月初年内涨幅就高达到15% 。 ...

关税正在破坏强势美元的核心支柱——美国企业的利润和美国家庭的消费能力。 近期，美元指数不断下跌，先是跌破100大关，4月21日更是跌入98区间，创阶段性新低。日元、欧元今年以来对美元升值5%~10%。 在华尔街投行看来，美元此前被高估了10%~20%。这种高估源自于美国的"例外主义"——过去十多年里，美国优异的资产回报率吸引了全球资本流入。然 而，关税将不成比例地打击美国企业的利润和美国家庭的消费能力——而这两者正是支撑美国"例外主义"的双引擎。关税正在破坏强势美元的核心支柱。 美元霸权能否维持？强美元会否瓦解？对此，第一财经日前独家采访美国资管巨头富兰克林邓普顿（Franklin Templeton）首席市场策略师兼研究院主管多弗 （Stephen Dover）。 "我们目前不能确定美国政府是否希望美元保持储备货币地位，当前有很多不同的阵营，目前还不清楚美国总统特朗普的想法。但我们必须要观察事态的发 展。"多弗称，尽管事态可能不会失控，但尾部风险在急剧放大，因此现在并非冒险的时候。 贸易战使美元信仰受损 "海湖庄园协议"这一概念可追溯现任白宫经济顾问委员会主席米兰（Stephen Miran）去年11月发布 ...

Core Viewpoint - The current global monetary system, characterized by high levels of debt in debtor nations like the U.S. and significant holdings of debt assets by creditor nations, is unsustainable and will require transformation [5][6]. Group 1: U.S. Debt Situation - As of April 2025, the total U.S. federal debt is projected to be approximately $36 trillion, accounting for about 35% of global GDP, with a per capita debt exceeding $100,000 [1]. - The total amount of U.S. Treasury bonds maturing in the second quarter of 2025 is around $6.5 trillion [1]. Group 2: Consequences of U.S. Debt Default - A potential default on U.S. debt could lead to a collapse of the dollar's credit, prompting countries to accelerate de-dollarization and shift towards assets like gold and the yuan, resulting in a significant drop in the dollar's exchange rate and increased inflationary pressures in the U.S. [3]. - Global financial markets would experience turmoil, with U.S. Treasury yields surging (e.g., 10-year Treasury yields exceeding 5%), leading to higher borrowing costs and potential liquidity crises [3]. - The U.S. economy could enter a recession, with government shutdowns, interruptions in social security payments, and rising social tensions, potentially resulting in widespread layoffs and consumption decline [3]. Group 3: Global Monetary Order - The current monetary order is collapsing due to unsustainable debt levels, with a critical point reached where debtor nations continue to accumulate debt while creditor nations hold excessive debt assets [5][6]. - In a de-globalized world, major countries are losing mutual trust, leading to significant trade and capital imbalances [5]. Group 4: U.S. Tariff Wars - The structural contradictions of dollar hegemony, such as trade deficits and the outflow of manufacturing, have driven the U.S. to engage in tariff wars, with the aim of reducing trade deficits through measures like "reciprocal tariffs" [8]. - Domestic economic and political pressures, including the desire for manufacturing to return to the U.S. and the need for increased government revenue through tariffs, are also motivating factors behind the tariff wars [8]. - The conflict between financial capital and industrial capital is highlighted, with financial interests often driving manufacturing out of the U.S., complicating the effectiveness of tariff policies [9]. Group 5: Measures to Address U.S. Debt Issues - The Federal Reserve may consider lowering interest rates to reduce new debt costs, although this is constrained by inflationary pressures [11]. - The U.S. may face a technical default risk in August-September 2025 if political deadlock over the debt ceiling persists, prompting central banks to increase gold holdings and diversify currency reserves [11]. - The U.S. debt situation is described as entering a "vicious cycle," relying on short-term borrowing while long-term solutions require fiscal reform [12].

文章来源于：智堡Mikko 本文是笔者基于自身美元体系研究的一些反思，文章更多地是在向内发问，而不是对时下问题的求解， 简言之，我没有答案 。 一些脱离实际的内容纯属本人 YY 虚构，欢迎探讨。 起源 当下的全球经济与货币体系是美式全球化的造物，在摆脱黄金的限制以后，美式全球化运行在 三个关键机制 之上： 美元作为单一的主导货币，美国的需求作为全球经济的增长来源。简言之，美国 生产货币 ，非美 囤积货币 ；美国 出口需求 ，非美 出口供给 。这形成了 巨量的 双边贸易流动 。 得益于金融（银行）的自由度以及纯信用货币的扩张能力，美元体系在 资本流动不受限制 的前提下渗透至全球，美元信贷/存款、美元资产/负债链接起美国与非 美经济体，形成 巨量的双边资本流动 。 美国作为美元区的管理者，作为国际秩序的主导者（ 霸主/爹味 ）。 现如今，美元体系中充斥着各类天文数字，这些数字已经超出了美国本土经济的体量。这是因为 非美经济体的高增长（收入）需求和资产配置需求（远期/定期的 美元收入），都需要基于美元体量的持续扩张来完成 。 随着柏林墙的倒塌与中国入世，美式全球化迎来了巨量适龄劳动人口的涌入，区域内的美元劳动收入向 ...