一、宏观动态 宏观政策：财政政策更积极，赤字率提至4%，专项债限额4.4万亿，超长期特别国债1.3万亿；货币政策适度宽松，央行一季度净投放3.02万亿元，3月MLF 改革，利率市场化再进一步。 宏观数据：经济景气回升，3月综合PMI 51.4%，投资消费回暖，社融增量创同期新高，但进出口承压，通胀温和，M1-M2剪刀差扩大。 基准利率：10年期国债收益率震荡上行，受经济预期、政策及资金面影响，3月因MLF改革等因素波动。 人民币汇率：对美元升值，对欧元、日元贬值，受中美政策、贸易顺差等因素影响。 二、债券市场 一级市场：发行规模12.19万亿元，同比增21.8%，地方政府债增69.07%，信用债发行降5.07%，成本双降，产业债中公用事业增108.53%，城投债发行收 缩，央企融资提升，民企净流出。 二级市场：信用债成交环比降18.3%，利差整体收窄但震荡大，产业债多数行业利差收窄，城投债仅河北微升，整体收窄30.15bp。 三、违约与评级调整 违约：1家企业首次违约，2家展期，违约金额20亿元，集中于汽车零售和多元金融行业。 评级调整：国内上调10家（城投占半），国际上调3家；国内下调7家，国际下调11家， ...

5月19-25 日期间接受调查的36位全球范围内的经济学家全部预计，韩国央行将于5月29日把韩国基准利 率下调 25个基点至2.50%，该水平的利率上次出现于2022年8月。 来自法国兴业银行的韩国首席经济学家吴锡泰表示："4月的货币政策会议上，政策制定者们已强烈暗示 将会降息，且短期经济增长预期也可能被显著下调。此后公布的数据并未出现足以阻止韩国央行降息的 因素。事实上，一季度经济收缩、美国关税不确定性持续以及美元/韩元汇率下跌，都进一步支持韩国 央行货币宽松政策。" 在提供长期利率展望的27名受访经济学家中，有 23位经济学家预计到下一季度末基准利率将在当前水 平基础上再降50个基点至 2.25%，该观点与上期调查数据大体一致。 智通财经APP获悉，一项面向多位经济学家的最新调查数据显示，他们集体预计韩国央行将于周四把关 键政策利率下调25个基点，主要因上季度韩国经济活动意外萎缩且通胀持续趋于温和，加之央行的政策 制定者们已经充分暗示了降息可能性，为韩国央行重启宽松货币政策周期提供了重要的数据凭证。 值得注意的是，韩国央行行长李昌镛此前在4月的货币政策会议上已暗示降息的可能性，叠加几天后公 布的韩国官方数 ...

Group 1 - The central bank of Israel will determine the interest rate path based on inflation trends towards its target, the stability of financial markets, economic activity, and the state of fiscal policy [1]

Long-term Importance of Rate Cuts - Since 2018, China has entered a long-term rate cut cycle, which is expected to continue due to ongoing adjustments in population, debt, and real estate cycles[8] - In 2024, China's total population is projected to be 1.408 billion, a decrease of 1.39 million from 2023, indicating a long-term trend of population decline[8] - By the first quarter of 2025, China's macro leverage ratio reached 298.4%, nearing the critical level of 300% identified as a potential financial crisis threshold[9] Short-term Importance of Rate Cuts - The contribution of net exports to GDP reached 38.9% in the first quarter, the highest since 2009, highlighting the need for internal stability amid external uncertainties[13] - Real estate assets account for 66.8% of urban residents' total assets, making housing market stability crucial for consumer spending and investment[14] - The current real estate interest rates remain high, suppressing demand, necessitating further rate cuts to stimulate the market[14] Limitations of Rate Cuts - Rate cuts cannot resolve issues such as poor interest rate transmission and rising leverage ratios, which require broader macroeconomic reforms[15] - The banking sector's net interest margin is under pressure not solely due to low rates but also due to a significant oversupply of capital in the market[16] - Domestic and international interest rate differentials are widening, with external factors influencing domestic monetary policy decisions[17] - To maintain a stable government leverage ratio by 2025, actual interest rates need to decrease to 0.32%, significantly lower than the current rate of 4.52%[17]

Core Viewpoint - The report by SEB Research's chief interest rate strategist Jussi Hiljanen indicates that U.S. long-term Treasury yields are likely to rise further due to declining market confidence in U.S. policies, which may lead to a significant repricing of U.S. government debt [1] Summary by Relevant Categories Market Confidence - Trust in U.S. policies is eroding, contributing to upward pressure on long-term Treasury yields [1] Valuation and Investment Trends - The lack of attractiveness in valuations, considering foreign exchange hedging costs, is prompting investors to shift towards European bonds [1] Yield Expectations - Long-term U.S. Treasury yields are expected to rise moderately, with fiscal policy potentially triggering a substantial repricing of U.S. government debt [1]

Core Viewpoints - The article emphasizes that under pressure on the revenue side, the government may rely more on debt issuance this year, as tax revenue has decreased by 2.1% year-on-year and land sales revenue has dropped by 11.4% [2][11] - It suggests that the fiscal policy will likely require incremental debt to maintain its strength throughout the year, especially if there is no significant improvement in revenue [2][6] Group 1: Debt Issuance and Fiscal Policy - The government has accelerated debt issuance since the beginning of the year, with net financing expected to reach 13.9 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.2 trillion yuan compared to last year [5][12] - As of May 20, the known net financing of government debt reached 6.2 trillion yuan, achieving 44.9% of the annual target, compared to 22.5% during the same period last year [5][12] - The article indicates that if the revenue side does not improve significantly, the government may need to increase its debt issuance to maintain fiscal strength [6][13] Group 2: Non-Deficit Debt and Investment Focus - In the second quarter, non-deficit debt is expected to accelerate, reflecting a marginal shift in fiscal support towards investment [8][22] - As of May 20, the net financing of non-deficit debt reached 2 trillion yuan, with a progress rate of 36.5%, indicating a focus on investment projects [22][23] - The article highlights that the acceleration of non-deficit debt issuance may signal increased fiscal support for infrastructure and other investment projects [23][28] Group 3: Special Refinancing Bonds and Local Government Debt - The issuance of special refinancing bonds has progressed rapidly, with a known progress rate of 77.8% as of May 20, indicating a focus on managing local government debt [28][29] - The article notes that local government hidden debts remain under strict control, with the central government expected to play a key role in increasing budgetary bonds and quasi-fiscal capital injections [29][31] - The emphasis is placed on the central government's commitment to not increasing hidden debts, reinforcing fiscal discipline [29][31] Group 4: Revenue and Expenditure Insights - In April, fiscal revenue showed a year-on-year increase of 1.9%, with tax revenue turning positive, particularly in the equipment manufacturing and technology sectors [31][33] - The article mentions that the expenditure progress for January to April was the fastest since 2020, with a notable increase in infrastructure spending in April [44][50] - The government’s focus on accelerating special bond issuance and enhancing fiscal support for projects is expected to continue, with a projected increase in government fund income [50][56]

美联储理事沃勒：市场正关注财政政策，并表达了担忧。 ...

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content found Group 2: Core Viewpoints - Mid - and long - term bond bull market may still be expected, but in the short term, due to the phase - out results of Sino - US tariff negotiations and the release of interest rate and reserve requirement ratio cut benefits, the market risk - aversion sentiment has cooled significantly, and the bond market has weakened in a volatile manner. Considering the obvious short - term differentiation in the market, there may be no high - quality trading opportunities in the short term, and attention should be paid to the risk of long - end bond price correction [2] Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs 1. Futures Market - **Closing Prices and Volumes**: T, TF, and TS main contracts' closing prices increased by 0.01%, 0.01%, and 0% respectively, while TL main contract decreased by 0.12%. T, TF, TS main contracts' trading volumes increased by 12458, 4789, and 4013 respectively, while TL main contract decreased by 5858 [2] - **Price Spreads**: Some price spreads increased, such as TL2509 - 2506 (+0.09), T06 - TL06 (+0.18), TF06 - T06 (+0.01), and TS06 - T06 (+0.00); some decreased, like T2509 - 2506 (-0.01), TF2509 - 2506 (-0.03), TS2509 - 2506 (-0.00), and TS06 - TF06 (-0.01) [2] - **Open Interest**: T, TF, TS, and TL main contracts' open interests decreased by 5054, 6486, 3050, and 3764 respectively. The net short positions of T, TF, TS, and TL among the top 20 changed by 0, - 1238, - 685, and +980 respectively [2] 2. CTD Bonds - The net prices of some CTD bonds decreased, such as 220010.IB (-0.0199), 250007.IB (-0.2800), 200012.IB (-0.1172), and 210005.IB (-0.0029); some increased, like 240020.IB (+0.0207), 220027.IB (+0.0535), 250006.IB (+0.0005), and 240010.IB (0) [2] 3. Active Treasury Bonds - Yields of 1 - 7Y active treasury bonds decreased by about 0.5bp, while 10Y increased by 0.8bp [2] 4. Short - term Interest Rates - Some short - term interest rates increased, such as silver - pledged overnight (+9.72bp), Shibor 14 - day (+0.90bp); some decreased, like Shibor overnight (-4.40bp), silver - pledged 7 - day (-4.17bp), and Shibor 7 - day (-2.60bp) [2] 5. Industry News - The central bank governor chaired a symposium on financial support for the real economy, emphasizing the implementation of a moderately loose monetary policy. The latest LPR decreased by 10bp, and major banks cut deposit interest rates [2] 6. Market Performance - On Thursday, the yields of treasury bonds showed a short - strong and long - weak pattern. Treasury bond futures also showed a similar pattern. The central bank had a net injection, and the weighted average DR007 rate rebounded [2] 7. Fundamental Analysis - In April, domestic economic data was stable, with social retail sales slightly falling, fixed - asset investment shrinking, and industrial added - value exceeding expectations. Financial data was divided, and price data showed that core inflation improved but industrial prices were weak. Overseas, the US economic data in April was mixed, and the market expected the Fed to postpone interest rate cuts to July [2]

Group 1: Fiscal Performance Overview - In April, general fiscal revenue increased by 2.7% year-on-year, compared to a decline of 1.7% in March[2] - General fiscal expenditure rose by 12.9% year-on-year in April, up from 10.1% in March[2] - From January to April, tax revenue decreased by 2.1% year-on-year, while land sales revenue fell by 11.4%[3] Group 2: Debt Issuance Insights - The government bond issuance has accelerated, with net financing expected to reach 13.9 trillion yuan this year, an increase of 2.2 trillion yuan from last year[3] - As of May 20, net financing reached 6.2 trillion yuan, achieving 44.9% of the annual target, compared to 22.5% during the same period last year[3] - The cumulative net financing of government bonds has increased by 3.6 trillion yuan year-on-year, exceeding the expected annual increase of 2.2 trillion yuan[4] Group 3: Investment and Spending Trends - Non-deficit bonds are catching up in issuance, indicating a shift towards investment support in fiscal policy[7] - Infrastructure spending showed a significant increase in April, with urban community spending rising by 6.8% and transportation spending by 10.6%[8] - The progress of fiscal spending from January to April was the fastest since 2020, with a completion rate of 31.5% of the budget[54] Group 4: Revenue and Expenditure Dynamics - Tax revenue growth turned positive in April at 1.9%, while non-tax revenue hit a new low for 2024[34] - The growth in government fund income was driven by a recovery in land sales revenue, which increased by 4.3% in April[64] - The expenditure growth rate for government funds surged to 44.7% in April, significantly up from 27.9% in March[64]

Core Viewpoint - The chief economist of JPMorgan in China, Zhu Haibin, emphasizes that while exports may weaken, consumption and investment are expected to strengthen due to policy support, highlighting the need for enhanced measures to boost consumption [1] Economic Policy Insights - Fiscal policy has room for expansion to support stable growth, with the central government expected to implement measures [1] - There is a necessity for further interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions, particularly after September 2024, with a focus on stabilizing the real estate and capital markets as part of financial stability policies [1] Economic Structure Rebalancing - Expanding domestic demand and consumption are prioritized as key tasks in economic work moving forward [1]