宏 观 研 究 "反内卷"系列 2025 年 05 月 20 日 "反内卷"的新意？ ——"反内卷"系列专题之一 2025 年政府工作报告明确提出"综合整治'内卷式'竞争"；哪些行业可能存在"内卷 式"竞争，本轮"反内卷"有何不同？本文系统分析，可供参考。 ⚫ 为何当前时点强调"反内卷"？产能利用率与 PPI 双重承压，地方招商引资竞争加剧 当前我国工业领域面临供需失衡压力攀升，突出表现为产能利用率与价格体系的双重承压。 截至 2025 年 4 月，PPI 已连续 31 个月同比负增长，仅短于 2012-2016 年时期。工业产 能利用率自 2021 年三季度的 77.7%持续回落，2025 年一季度降至 75.1%。 同时，近年来各地招商引资竞争加剧，或助长部分领域"内卷式"竞争。国研院调查研究 报告显示，目前地方招商"内卷化"主要表现为四"集中"：一是集中在相同产业领域进 行招商；二是集中比拼政策优惠力度；三是集中在"大项目""大企业""全产业链"方 面招商；四是集中在"招项目"的环节上发力，"管项目"方面缺少可持续性机制。 在此背景下，2024 年底以来，政府和业界越发重视"反内卷"。2024 年中央政 ...

Economic Resilience and Growth - China's economy demonstrated significant resilience in April amidst a complex international environment, with multiple core indicators showing positive changes, indicating both resilience and structural breakthroughs [1] Consumer Trends - There is a noticeable recovery in consumption and an upgrade in service consumption, with retail sales of consumer goods showing a significant year-on-year growth, particularly in communication equipment and home appliances, which saw growth rates exceeding 19% and 13% respectively [3] - The trend towards green and smart products is evident, driven by policies such as trade-in programs, and offline consumption in leisure and dining sectors is also on the rise, reflecting an increasing attractiveness of the Chinese consumer market globally [3] Industrial Growth - Industrial growth is showing resilience, particularly in high-tech industries, with industrial added value and manufacturing growth exceeding 6%. The automotive manufacturing sector, especially in new energy vehicles, has seen remarkable growth [5] - Despite a decline in international commodity prices, the price drop in certain sectors is narrowing, indicating strong investment in infrastructure and equipment renewal, supported by a significant increase in local government bond issuance [5] Foreign Trade Dynamics - Foreign trade resilience is evident, with structural optimization occurring despite U.S. tariffs. Exports exceeded market expectations, particularly to ASEAN and India, while the share of exports to the U.S. is declining [7] - Policies supporting trade diversification have been effective, with integrated circuit exports showing a year-on-year growth of over 20% [7] Price Stability and Financial Environment - Overall price levels and the financial environment remain stable, with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) showing a shift from decline to increase in April, and core CPI remaining stable [9] - The financing scale in April indicates that net financing of government bonds has become a major driving force, with measures such as reserve requirement ratio cuts injecting long-term liquidity into the economy [9] Future Outlook - The economic data from April suggests that new momentum is being cultivated amidst challenges, with a focus on boosting confidence, expanding domestic demand, and enhancing innovation to transform external pressures into opportunities for upgrading the economy [9]

Group 1: CPI and PPI Analysis - In April 2025, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) decreased by 0.1% year-on-year, remaining unchanged from the previous month[11] - The CPI increased by 0.1% month-on-month, reversing a previous decline of 0.4%[12] - Energy prices fell by 4.8% year-on-year, with gasoline prices dropping by 10.4%, contributing approximately 0.38 percentage points to the CPI decline[13] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) decreased by 2.7% year-on-year, with the decline widening by 0.2 percentage points compared to the previous month[11] Group 2: Economic Implications and Policy Outlook - The low inflation environment provides room for policy adjustments, with both monetary and fiscal policies expected to be more proactive[4] - The decline in oil prices has led to a decrease in domestic prices across related industries, impacting overall economic stability[4] - The core CPI, excluding food and energy, rose by 0.5%, indicating stable demand despite the overall CPI decline[14] - The report suggests that the current economic conditions allow for a more aggressive macroeconomic policy response to external uncertainties[30] Group 3: Risks and Market Considerations - Potential risks include worsening geopolitical events, changes in international financial conditions, and unexpected shifts in US-China policies[5] - The report emphasizes the importance of monitoring external factors that could impact domestic economic performance and inflation trends[30]

1. Report Industry Investment Ratings There is no information provided regarding the report's industry investment ratings in the given content. 2. Core Views of the Report - For股指期货, small - and medium - cap stocks have high crowding levels, and weighted indices may continue to rise. Pay attention to style drift [8]. - For国债期货, it may be better to cautiously steepen the yield curve rather than taking a unilateral position, and it's advisable to remain moderately cautious [9]. - For集运欧线, the market will focus on whether the spot price will decline further and if shipping companies will raise prices in June. The overall price is likely to fall rather than rise [10]. - For棉花, the domestic cotton market is expected to operate weakly at a low level, and attention should be paid to macro - situation changes, US cotton planting, and export situations [10][11]. - For白糖, the sugar price will fluctuate due to sufficient short - term supply and uncertain production - demand gaps [12]. - For油脂油料, short palm oil and soybean meal at high prices, while being aware of policy changes, abnormal weather, and soybean arrivals [13]. - For鸡蛋, the short - term decline in egg prices may slow down, but the supply pressure may increase in the future. A bearish approach to egg futures is recommended [15]. - For苹果, a light - position positive spread strategy is recommended [15]. - For红枣, close short positions in batches and monitor downstream demand and abnormal changes in production areas [15]. - For生猪, with the futures price deeply discounted and a stalemate between bulls and bears, short - term waiting and watching is recommended [16]. - For燃料 oil, crude oil is expected to continue to rebound, and fuel oil prices will follow, with the short - term increase being stronger than that of crude oil [17]. - For塑料, both L and PP should be configured bearishly [18]. - For甲醇, it should be treated with a bearish and volatile mindset, and short positions can be considered on rebounds [19]. - For烧碱, the Shandong region's production is expected to be stable. The futures price may be strong if the 32% alkali price is firm; otherwise, it may fall. A bearish and volatile approach is recommended [20][21]. - For纯碱玻璃, the supply of soda ash may improve marginally in May, but the long - term high - supply situation remains. Glass demand is expected to be weak, and prices will likely fluctuate weakly [22]. - For沥青, crude oil is expected to continue to rebound, and asphalt futures will repair the basis, with prices expected to fluctuate around 3400 [23]. - For聚酯产业链, polyester varieties may continue to rebound in the short term, but short - selling opportunities should be awaited [24]. - For纸浆, the weak demand and high inventory situation remain unchanged, and it will be weak in the short term. Attention should be paid to raw material and finished - product inventory rhythms [24]. - For原木, short - term oscillations are expected. Short positions can be taken on rebounds, and long positions in out - of - the - money call options can be considered in the long term [24]. - For urea, the UR2509 contract will oscillate in the short term, and a bearish approach should be taken after a significant increase [24]. - For铝, the price is expected to oscillate strongly, and long positions can be taken at low prices. For alumina, it is expected to oscillate weakly, and short positions can be taken at high prices [25]. - For碳酸锂, the price may oscillate, and short - term factors focus on supply - demand changes [26]. - For工业 silicon, a bearish approach is recommended before the effective supply reduction in the wet season. For polysilicon, short - selling on rebounds or selling out - of - the - money call options can be considered [26]. - For螺矿, short - term support at the valley - electricity price and 3000 should be monitored, and the market is expected to remain weak in the long term [28]. - For煤焦, without large - scale production cuts or a decline in Mongolian coal imports, there are no conditions for going long [30]. - For铁 alloy, go long on ferrosilicon during the day, and close the short - put option position on silicomanganese's 06 contract [31]. 3. Summaries Based on Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Macro Information - In April, China's goods trade imports and exports were 3.84 trillion yuan, a 5.6% year - on - year increase. Exports were 2.27 trillion yuan (up 9.3%), and imports were 1.57 trillion yuan (up 0.8%). The trade value with the US was 3269.2 billion yuan [8]. - The State Council Executive Meeting planned key economic and social development work for the "15th Five - Year Plan" period, promoted common prosperity, and supported free trade zones in service trade and data cross - border flow [8]. - The central bank will implement a moderately loose monetary policy, emphasizing boosting consumption, the sustainability of government debt expansion, and promoting a reasonable rise in prices [8]. - China - US economic and trade high - level talks were held in Geneva. The CPI in April rose 0.1% month - on - month and fell 0.1% year - on - year. The core CPI rose 0.2% month - on - month and 0.5% year - on - year. The PPI fell 0.4% month - on - month and 2.7% year - on - year [8]. - Many small and medium - sized banks lowered deposit interest rates, and experts expect further cuts [8]. - The US Commerce Secretary warned that US - Japan - South Korea tariff negotiations would take time, and Trump stated a minimum 10% tariff on trading partners [8]. 3.2 Futures Strategies 3.2.1 Stock Index Futures The crowding level of small - and medium - cap stocks is high, and weighted indices may continue to rise. The market is digesting the "Action Plan for Promoting the High - Quality Development of Public Offering Funds," and there may be a re - allocation of under - weighted sectors. The Q2 GDP growth rate may be revised upwards [8]. 3.2.2 Treasury Bond Futures It may be better to steepen the yield curve rather than taking a unilateral position. The inter - bank funds rate has declined, and the bond market was affected by foreign trade data and expectations of China - US tariff negotiations. The key is whether the capital center can reach 1.4%, and there may be disturbances from the fundamentals and China - US tariffs [9]. 3.3 Commodity Market Analysis 3.3.1 Shipping The market for container shipping to Europe will focus on spot price trends and shipping companies' price - raising actions. The supply - demand imbalance and overflow of US - bound shipping capacity are putting downward pressure on prices [10]. 3.3.2 Agricultural Products - **Cotton**: The domestic cotton market is weak due to concerns about demand. International factors such as trade tensions and US cotton exports also affect prices. Attention should be paid to the 5 - month supply - demand report [10][11]. - **Sugar**: The sugar price will fluctuate due to sufficient short - term supply and uncertain production - demand gaps. The focus is on the production in South America and the export situation of major producers [12]. - **Oils and Fats**: Short palm oil and soybean meal at high prices. Palm oil may be affected by production increases and changes in demand, while soybean meal is affected by US soybean planting and domestic oil - mill production [13][14]. - **Eggs**: The short - term decline in egg prices may slow down, but the supply pressure may increase in the future due to high production capacity and inventory [15]. - **Apples**: A light - position positive spread strategy is recommended. The spot market is stable, but the new - season apple production needs further assessment [15]. - **Jujubes**: Close short positions in batches and monitor downstream demand and abnormal changes in production areas. The market supply is sufficient, and the price may oscillate at the bottom [15]. - **Pigs**: With the futures price deeply discounted and a stalemate between bulls and bears, short - term waiting and watching is recommended. The supply pressure may increase in May, and demand may weaken seasonally [16]. 3.3.3 Energy and Chemicals - **Fuel Oil**: Crude oil is expected to continue to rebound, and fuel oil prices will follow, with the short - term increase being stronger than that of crude oil. The market needs to assess the impact of trade wars on demand [17]. - **Plastic**: Both L and PP should be configured bearishly due to a weak supply - demand situation and trade uncertainties [18]. - **Methanol**: It should be treated with a bearish and volatile mindset, and short positions can be considered on rebounds. The downstream demand is weak, and international trade affects exports [19]. - **Caustic Soda**: The Shandong region's production is expected to be stable. The futures price may be strong if the 32% alkali price is firm; otherwise, it may fall. The current comprehensive profit of chlor - alkali enterprises is good [20][21]. - **Soda Ash and Glass**: The supply of soda ash may improve marginally in May, but the long - term high - supply situation remains. Glass demand is expected to be weak, and prices will likely fluctuate weakly. Attention should be paid to terminal demand and market sentiment [22]. - **Asphalt**: Crude oil is expected to continue to rebound, and asphalt futures will repair the basis, with prices expected to fluctuate around 3400. Refineries are in the复产 period [23]. - **Polyester Industry Chain**: Polyester varieties may continue to rebound in the short term, but short - selling opportunities should be awaited. The increase is due to factors such as crude oil price increases and supply reductions [24]. - **Paper Pulp**: The weak demand and high inventory situation remain unchanged, and it will be weak in the short term. Attention should be paid to raw material and finished - product inventory rhythms [24]. - **Logs**: Short - term oscillations are expected. Short positions can be taken on rebounds, and long positions in out - of - the - money call options can be considered in the long term. Attention should be paid to downstream construction starts and port inventories [24]. - **Urea**: The UR2509 contract will oscillate in the short term, and a bearish approach should be taken after a significant increase. The market is currently stable and strong, but the industry association has called for price adjustments [24]. 3.3.4 Metals - **Aluminum and Alumina**: Aluminum prices are expected to oscillate strongly, and long positions can be taken at low prices. Alumina is expected to oscillate weakly, and short positions can be taken at high prices. The inventory of aluminum is decreasing, while alumina has issues such as new capacity and falling ore costs [25]. - **Lithium Carbonate**: The price may oscillate, and short - term factors focus on supply - demand changes. The impact of tariffs on finished - product demand is not obvious, and the focus is on energy - storage demand and technological breakthroughs [26]. - **Industrial Silicon and Polysilicon**: For industrial silicon, a bearish approach is recommended before the effective supply reduction in the wet season. For polysilicon, short - selling on rebounds or selling out - of - the - money call options can be considered. The supply of industrial silicon is in excess, and polysilicon has issues such as low component demand and supply recovery expectations [26]. 3.3.5 Ferrous Metals - **Steel and Iron Ore**: Short - term support at the valley - electricity price and 3000 should be monitored, and the market is expected to remain weak in the long term. The downstream demand is weak, and the supply is increasing. Attention should be paid to policies and cost factors [28]. - **Coking Coal and Coke**: Without large - scale production cuts or a decline in Mongolian coal imports, there are no conditions for going long. The demand for coal and coke may improve, but the second - round price increase for coke has not been implemented [30]. - **Ferroalloys**: Go long on ferrosilicon during the day, and close the short - put option position on silicomanganese's 06 contract. The short - term fundamentals of ferrosilicon and silicomanganese have little change, and the silicomanganese contract has repaired the discount quickly [31].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the current economic situation, focusing on the CPI and PPI data for March, indicating a slight improvement in CPI but a continued decline in PPI, suggesting ongoing deflationary pressures in the economy [1][4][5] - In March, the CPI year-on-year was -0.1%, an improvement from -0.7% in the previous month, while the PPI year-on-year was -2.5%, down from -2.2% [1][4] - The simulated deflation index, based on the weighted contributions of CPI and PPI, is approximately -1.06%, indicating a persistent low price level since October of the previous year [1][4] Group 2 - Energy and food prices are identified as the main contributors to the downward trend in inflation, with core CPI showing zero growth month-on-month in March [1][2] - Pork prices have been in a downward adjustment cycle since late January, and fuel prices for transportation have also decreased significantly [1][6] - Positive signals in CPI include a 2.8% month-on-month increase in household appliance prices, stabilization in the rental market, and seasonal increases in alcohol prices post-holiday [1][6][7] Group 3 - The PPI in March showed a month-on-month decline of 0.4%, with oil and coal prices being the primary downward forces [2][7] - The article notes that the impact of global trade tariffs is expected to continue affecting commodity prices, which will have implications for future CPI and PPI [2][8] - The government has emphasized the importance of price stability, with recent policies aimed at strengthening price governance mechanisms [3][9] Group 4 - Historical experience suggests that in response to external shocks like tariffs, policies typically focus first on stabilizing liquidity before addressing the fundamental economic conditions [10] - The central bank has indicated readiness to provide sufficient re-lending support to stabilize liquidity, which is seen as a "expectation anchor" for the market [10] - Key areas of focus for economic resilience include consumer spending, real estate investment, and maintaining supply-demand balance and profit margins in the corporate sector [10]