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并购重组+汽车零部件概念联动2连板!交运股份9:25再度涨停,背后逻辑揭晓
Jin Rong Jie· 2026-01-12 02:48
Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights that Jiaoyun Co. has experienced a consecutive two-day trading limit increase, indicating strong market interest and momentum [1] - The stock reached its trading limit at 9:25 AM with a transaction volume of 0.23 billion yuan and a turnover rate of 0.29% [1] - Recent disclosures regarding merger and acquisition progress, along with the favorable industry environment due to the consumer goods trade-in policy, have contributed to increased market attention [1]
A股公告精选 | 派现超255亿元 招商银行(600036.SH)公布2025年半年度分红方案
智通财经网· 2026-01-09 12:03
分组1 - China Merchants Bank plans to distribute a cash dividend of approximately 25.548 billion yuan for the first half of 2025, with a per-share dividend of 1.013 yuan (tax included) [1] - Luzhou Laojiao proposes a cash dividend of 13.58 yuan per 10 shares, totaling around 2 billion yuan (tax included) for the mid-2025 profit distribution [3] - Tongfu Microelectronics intends to raise up to 4.4 billion yuan through a private placement to enhance its packaging capacity for storage chips and other emerging applications [2] 分组2 - Xibu Gold announces that its shareholder, Turpan Jinyuan Mining Co., plans to reduce its stake by up to 1% due to funding needs [4] - Jiaoyun Co. is planning a significant asset restructuring by swapping its automotive sales and service assets with the cultural and tourism-related assets of its controlling shareholder [5] - Guo Sheng Technology expects a negative net profit for the fiscal year 2025, leading to a stock resumption after a period of trading suspension [8] 分组3 - North Rare Earth adjusts its first-quarter rare earth concentrate trading price to 26,834 yuan per ton, reflecting a 2.4% increase from the previous quarter [11] - Baotou Steel plans to set the same trading price for rare earth concentrate at 26,834 yuan per ton for the first quarter of 2026, also indicating a 2.4% increase [12] - Wanbangde's subsidiary has been selected for a national major science and technology project for Alzheimer's drug development, which is expected to positively impact its clinical development and long-term business growth [13]
新鲜出炉!30位中国行研“第一人”最新观点汇总:金股名单、投资图谱、产业解读……一应俱全!
Xin Lang Zheng Quan· 2025-12-01 09:32
Core Insights - The 2025 Analyst Conference, known as the "Oscars" of the capital market, will unveil the results of the 7th Sina Finance "Golden Unicorn" Best Analyst Awards on November 28, 2025, highlighting the top analysts across 30 industries [1] Group 1: Macro and Strategy Insights - The top macro research analyst, Li Chao from Zheshang Securities, presents a 2026 macro annual outlook emphasizing a positive trajectory [2] - Liu Chenming from GF Securities, the best strategy analyst, notes that the continuous recovery of A-share ROE is a significant support for the ongoing bull market [2] Group 2: Sector-Specific Insights - Liang Fengjie from Zheshang Securities, the best banking analyst, recommends stable high-dividend large banks as Q4 presents a buying opportunity [2] - Liu Xinqi from Guotai Junan Securities, the best non-bank financial analyst, believes the impact of real estate on insurance companies is limited, indicating a potential for the non-bank sector [2] - Guo Zhen from GF Securities, the best real estate analyst, states that the burden rate for home purchases has entered a reasonable range [2] - Kuang Shi from GF Securities, the best media analyst, highlights the rapid growth of animated dramas and AI animations, entering a phase of intense competition [2] - Wu Bohua from Changjiang Securities, the best analyst in new energy equipment, discusses the current status and future of new energy as a new growth driver [2] - Dai Chuan from GF Securities, the best analyst in robotics and high-end manufacturing, reflects on the implications of the 14th Five-Year Plan for the machinery industry [2] - Zhang Weihua from Changjiang Securities, the best public utilities analyst, suggests that the industry investment landscape will improve under the resonance of three bottoming signals in new energy [2] Group 3: Additional Sector Insights - Zhang Yidong from Industrial Securities, the best overseas market research analyst, outlines three investment strategies for high-dividend assets in the Hong Kong stock market [2] - Guo Peng from GF Securities, the best environmental protection analyst, is optimistic about two major areas in the low-carbon era of the 14th Five-Year Plan [2] - Liu Gaochang from Guosen Securities, the best computer industry analyst, anticipates that space computing may open a new era [2] - Guan Quansen from Guolian Minsheng Securities, the best home appliance analyst, notes that "new" home appliances are gradually breaking into new markets [2] - Fan Chao from Changjiang Securities, the best analyst in construction and building materials, highlights the warming expectations for real estate policies and suggests focusing on leading consumer building materials companies [2] - Han Yichao from Changjiang Securities, the best analyst in transportation and logistics, discusses the outlook for shipping after a decline [2] - Meng Xiangjie from GF Securities, the best military industry analyst, identifies three major directions for industry expansion during the 14th Five-Year Plan [2] - Zhao Gang from Changjiang Securities, the best analyst in retail and social services, outlines investment opportunities across six sub-sectors [2] - Xiao Yong from Changjiang Securities, the best coal industry analyst, emphasizes the significance of new highs in silver prices [2] - Chen Jia from Changjiang Securities, the best analyst in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, recommends four leading companies with strong competitive advantages [2] - Yu Xuhui from Changjiang Securities, the best analyst in light industry and textile apparel, raises the annual revenue guidance due to better-than-expected industry performance [2]
中金 | 深度布局“十五五”:交运物流篇
中金点睛· 2025-11-15 00:07
Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the strategic goals of the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the transportation and logistics industry, focusing on cost reduction, efficiency enhancement, and smart transformation in the sector [2][4][10]. Group 1: Modern Transportation System - The "14th Five-Year Plan" aims to improve the modern comprehensive transportation system by enhancing cross-regional coordination and multi-modal integration, which will transform China's transportation landscape from a single-mode to a comprehensive network [2]. - The national comprehensive transportation network has established a backbone layout exceeding 260,000 kilometers, connecting over 80% of counties and serving approximately 90% of the country's economic and population total [2]. Group 2: Cost Reduction and Efficiency - A core task during the "14th Five-Year Plan" is to lower logistics costs, with an estimated reduction of about 280 billion yuan in transportation costs by 2024 [4]. - The optimization of transportation structure, including the promotion of "road-to-rail" and "road-to-water" initiatives, is expected to significantly reduce logistics costs, as increasing railway freight turnover by 1% can lower overall logistics costs by 0.1% to 0.2% [4]. Group 3: Technological Empowerment - The integration of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data into transportation and logistics is anticipated to reshape the industry, enhancing operational efficiency and enabling innovations like automated driving and smart logistics [7][8]. - Digital transformation of traditional transportation infrastructure will continue, with smart roads, ports, and hubs being developed to optimize resource allocation and improve operational efficiency [8]. Group 4: Market Optimization and Competition - The "14th Five-Year Plan" aims to eliminate barriers to the establishment of a unified national market and address "involution" in competition, promoting a healthy market order with fair pricing [9]. - The logistics industry is expected to shift from price competition to a comprehensive competition model focusing on technology, efficiency, service, and cost control, requiring logistics companies to evolve from traditional service providers to integrated supply chain solution providers [10][11]. Group 5: Opportunities in the Industry - The article identifies several opportunities during the "14th Five-Year Plan," including the potential for leading express delivery companies to regain profitability and valuation, and the growth of platform companies leveraging digital technology for cost reduction in road freight [12]. - Companies that enhance the safety of international and domestic supply chains and those involved in the development of automated driving technologies are also expected to thrive [12].
9月PMI点评:内需与政策将重新主导PMI
Orient Securities· 2025-10-08 07:51
Group 1: PMI Overview - The overall manufacturing PMI for September is 49.8%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, but still below the expansion threshold[7] - New export orders improved to 47.8%, the best level in six months, while import PMI reached 48.1%, the highest in seven months[7] - Small enterprises showed the most significant improvement in PMI, rising to 48.2%, an increase of 1.6 percentage points, compared to a 0.2 percentage point increase for large enterprises[7] Group 2: Internal Demand and Policy Impact - The marginal improvement in the PMI is primarily driven by changes in internal demand, influenced by recent policy measures such as the revision of the Price Law and the regulation of competitive order[7] - The "anti-involution" policy is expected to continue to support the recovery of internal demand, with production and procurement indices showing better performance than new orders and backlog orders[7] - The service sector's PMI remains above the expansion threshold, with business activity expectations in the service sector consistently above 55% for the past 12 months, indicating robust growth[7] Group 3: Future Outlook - Internal demand narratives are expected to replace tariff disturbances as the core variable for economic observation in the next phase[7] - The overall non-manufacturing PMI slightly decreased by 0.3 percentage points but remains resilient, primarily affected by the construction sector[7] - As external trade shocks gradually dissipate, the policy focus on expanding internal demand will further manifest in economic data[7]
每天三分钟公告很轻松 | 控股股东拟实施战略重组!两公司同日披露
Group 1: Strategic Restructuring - Pingmei Shenma and Shenneng Group announced plans for strategic restructuring by the controlling shareholders, which will not significantly impact their operations [1][1] - The restructuring will not change the controlling shareholders or the actual controllers of either company [1][1] Group 2: Capital Increase - Ganfeng Lithium plans to introduce investors for a capital increase of up to 2.5 billion yuan for its subsidiary, Ganfeng Lithium Technology [2] - The capital increase will be priced at 3 yuan per 1 yuan of registered capital, and the company will waive its preferential subscription rights [2] Group 3: Stock Trading Suspension - Upwei New Materials' stock has been suspended for verification due to multiple instances of abnormal trading fluctuations [3] - The company will conduct an investigation into the trading volatility and will resume trading after the verification process [3] Group 4: Earnings Forecast - Jihong Co. expects a net profit of 209 million to 222 million yuan for the first three quarters of 2025, representing a growth of 55% to 65% year-on-year [4] - The growth is attributed to significant increases in revenue and profit from cross-border social e-commerce and improved operational efficiency in the packaging business [4] Group 5: Fundraising and Projects - Hanyu Pharmaceutical plans to raise up to 968 million yuan through a private placement for various projects including peptide drug production and R&D upgrades [5] - Water Development Gas received acceptance for its securities issuance application from the Shanghai Stock Exchange [6] Group 6: Important Transactions - Tianqi Model's controlling shareholders signed a share transfer agreement to transfer 162 million shares, which will change the controlling shareholder to Jianfa Wanyu [7] - The transaction is expected to lead to a change in the actual controller to the Urumqi Economic and Technological Development Zone State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission [7] Group 7: Investment Projects - Dongfang Yuhong signed an investment agreement to invest 600 million yuan in a new materials industry chain project in Nanning, Guangxi [9] - The project includes mining, processing, and product development [9] - Changqing Group plans to invest 571 million yuan in the second phase of its cogeneration project in Maoming [9]
基本面高频数据跟踪:工业品价格再度回落
GOLDEN SUN SECURITIES· 2025-08-05 00:45
Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the report industry investment rating is provided in the given content. Core Viewpoints - The current Guosheng fundamental high - frequency index is 126.9 points, with a year - on - year increase of 5.3 points, and the year - on - year growth rate remains unchanged. The long - short signal of interest - rate bonds remains unchanged, with a signal factor of 4.6% [1][9]. - In terms of production, the industrial production high - frequency index is 126.2, with a year - on - year increase of 5.0 points, and the year - on - year growth rate remains unchanged [1][9]. - In terms of total demand, the real - estate sales high - frequency index shows a year - on - year decline of 6.4 points, with the decline rate remaining unchanged; the infrastructure investment high - frequency index has a year - on - year increase of 4.5 points, and the year - on - year growth rate expands; the export high - frequency index has a year - on - year increase of 3.4 points, and the year - on - year growth rate narrows; the consumption high - frequency index has a year - on - year increase of 2.6 points, and the year - on - year growth rate expands [1][9]. - In terms of prices, the CPI monthly - on - monthly forecast is 0.1%, and the PPI monthly - on - monthly forecast is 0.2%, both remaining unchanged from the previous values [1][9]. - The inventory high - frequency index has a year - on - year increase of 9.3 points, and the year - on - year growth rate narrows; the transportation high - frequency index has a year - on - year increase of 9.0 points, and the year - on - year growth rate expands; the financing high - frequency index has a year - on - year increase of 29.7 points, and the year - on - year growth rate expands [2][10]. Summary by Directory 1. Total Index: Fundamental High - Frequency Index Remains Stable - The current Guosheng fundamental high - frequency index is 126.9 points (previous value: 126.8 points), with a year - on - year increase of 5.3 points (previous value: 5.3 points), and the year - on - year growth rate remains unchanged. The long - short signal of interest - rate bonds remains unchanged, with a signal factor of 4.6% (previous value: 4.6%) [1][9]. 2. Production: Electric Arc Furnace Operating Rate Rebounds - The electric arc furnace operating rate is 62.8%, up from the previous value of 62.2%; the polyester operating rate is 86.8%, down from the previous value of 86.9%; the semi - tire operating rate is 74.5%, down from the previous value of 75.9%; the full - tire operating rate is 61.1%, down from the previous value of 65.0%; the PTA operating rate is 79.7%, down from the previous value of 80.8%; the PX operating rate is 82.4%, the same as the previous value; the coal dispatch at Qinhuangdao Port is 47.5 tons, down from the previous value of 49.4 tons [11][16]. 3. Real - Estate Sales: Property Transactions Continue to Rebound - The transaction area of commercial housing in 30 large and medium - sized cities is 24.4 square meters, up from the previous value of 21.0 square meters; the premium rate of land transactions in 100 large and medium - sized cities is 9.0%, up from the previous value of 7.8% [28]. 4. Infrastructure Investment: Asphalt Operating Rate Rebounds - The operating rate of asphalt plants is 33.1%, up from the previous value of 28.8% [38]. 5. Exports: Export Container Freight Rate Index Continues to Decline - The CCFI index is 1232 points, down from the previous value of 1261 points; the RJ/CRB index is 301.9 points, down from the previous value of 303.8 points [45]. 6. Consumption: Passenger Car Manufacturers' Retail and Wholesale Sales Continue to Rebound - Passenger car manufacturers' retail sales are 66,611 units, up from the previous value of 58,207 units; wholesale sales are 77,867 units, up from the previous value of 57,826 units; the average daily box office is 23,068 yuan, up from the previous value of 14,066 yuan [59]. 7. CPI: Wholesale Prices of Pork and White - Feathered Chicken Decline Slightly - The average wholesale price of pork is 20.5 yuan/kg, down from the previous value of 20.7 yuan/kg; the average wholesale price of 28 key - monitored vegetables is 4.4 yuan/kg, the same as the previous value; the average wholesale price of 7 key - monitored fruits is 7.1 yuan/kg, the same as the previous value; the average wholesale price of white - feathered chicken is 17.2 yuan/kg, down from the previous value of 17.4 yuan/kg [65]. 8. PPI: Steam Coal Price Continues to Rise - The closing price of steam coal (produced in Shanxi) at Qinhuangdao Port is 658 yuan/ton, up from the previous value of 649 yuan/ton; the futures settlement price of Brent crude oil is 72 US dollars/barrel, up from the previous value of 69 US dollars/barrel; the spot settlement price of LME copper is 9672 US dollars/ton, down from the previous value of 9821 US dollars/ton; the spot settlement price of LME aluminum is 2596 US dollars/ton, down from the previous value of 2647 US dollars/ton [68]. 9. Transportation: Passenger Volume Rebounds - The passenger volume of the subway in first - tier cities is 3902 person - times, up from the previous value of 3900 person - times; the highway logistics freight rate index is 1050 points, the same as the previous value; the number of domestic flights is 14,562, up from the previous value of 14,428 [82]. 10. Inventory: Soda Ash Inventory Continues to Decline - The electrolytic aluminum inventory is 18.1 tons, up from the previous value of 15.5 tons; the soda ash inventory is 179.0 tons, down from the previous value of 187.4 tons [90]. 11. Financing: Local Government Bond and Credit Bond Financing Declines - The net financing of local government bonds is 2425 billion yuan, down from the previous value of 2929 billion yuan; the net financing of credit bonds is 134 billion yuan, down from the previous value of 549 billion yuan; the 6M state - owned stock bill transfer discount rate is 0.6%, down from the previous value of 0.74%; the average value of the bill rate - certificate of deposit rate is - 1.1%, down from the previous value of - 0.91% [100].
“封关”!机构紧急解读
中国基金报· 2025-07-27 11:46
Core Viewpoint - The official launch of the Hainan Free Trade Port's full island closure operation on December 18, 2025, marks a new phase in its development, significantly reducing operational costs for businesses and promoting trade liberalization, making it a crucial gateway for China's new era of opening up [1][2][5]. Economic Impact - The implementation of "zero tariffs" will greatly optimize the cost of goods circulation, leading to substantial growth in both import and export trades [4]. - The relaxation of visa policies will enhance the flow of people and consumption, boosting local tourism and shopping through increased duty-free shopping limits [4][8]. - The advantages of "zero tariffs" and tax exemptions for value-added processing will foster the development of export-oriented manufacturing [4][5]. Investment Opportunities - The anticipated closure has already triggered a surge in related stocks, with the Hainan Free Trade Zone sector rising over 9% in a single day [3]. - Key sectors to watch for investment include duty-free retail, aviation logistics, financial services, and emerging industries such as technology and pharmaceuticals [6][7][8]. - Short-term opportunities are expected in logistics and retail, while long-term prospects may arise from innovations in finance and high-tech industries due to favorable tax and regulatory conditions [8][9].
基本面高频数据跟踪:出口运价回升
GOLDEN SUN SECURITIES· 2025-06-03 11:25
1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core View of the Report The report updates the high - frequency fundamental data from May 26th to May 30th, 2025, showing that the overall fundamental high - frequency index is stable, with different trends in various sub - indicators such as production, demand, prices, and financing [1][9]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Total Index: Fundamental High - Frequency Index Stable - The current Guosheng fundamental high - frequency index is 125.9 points (previous value: 125.8 points), with a week - on - week increase of 0.1 point and a year - on - year increase of 5.0 points (previous value: 4.9 points), and the year - on - year growth rate rebounds. The long - short signal for interest - rate bonds is long, with a signal factor of 5.8% (previous value: 6.3%) [1][9]. 3.2 Production: Polyester Operating Rate Declines - The industrial production high - frequency index is 125.4 (previous value: 125.3), with a week - on - week increase of 0.1 point and a year - on - year increase of 4.7 points (previous value: 4.7 points), and the year - on - year growth rate remains unchanged. The electric furnace operating rate is 65.4% (previous value: 66.0%), and the polyester operating rate is 90.9% (previous value: 93.3%) [1][13]. 3.3 Real Estate Sales: New Home Sales Year - on - Year Remain Negative - The real estate sales high - frequency index is 44.8 (previous value: 44.9), with a week - on - week decrease of 0.1 point and a year - on - year decrease of 6.6 points (previous value: 6.6 points), and the year - on - year decline rate remains unchanged. The transaction area of commercial housing in 30 large - and medium - sized cities is 31.0 million square meters (previous value: 27.7 million square meters), and the land premium rate of 100 large - and medium - sized cities is 10.1% (previous value: 1.2%) [1][24]. 3.4 Infrastructure Investment: Petroleum Asphalt Operating Rate Continues to Decline - The infrastructure investment high - frequency index is 117.9 (previous value: 117.7), with a week - on - week increase of 0.2 point and a year - on - year increase of 1.2 points (previous value: 0.9 points), and the year - on - year growth rate expands. The operating rate of petroleum asphalt plants is 27.7% (previous value: 30.8%) [1][40]. 3.5 Exports: Export Container Freight Rate Index Continues to Rise - The export high - frequency index is 144.4 (previous value: 144.5), with a week - on - week decrease of 0.1 point and a year - on - year increase of 6.5 points (previous value: 6.8 points), and the year - on - year growth rate narrows. The CCFI index is 1118 points (previous value: 1107 points), and the export price index of Yiwu small commodities is 108 points (previous value: 104 points) [1][42]. 3.6 Consumption: Passenger Car Manufacturer Retail Sales Rebound - The consumption high - frequency index is 119.3 (previous value: 119.4), with a week - on - week decrease of 0.1 point and a year - on - year increase of 1.4 points (previous value: 1.4 points), and the year - on - year growth rate remains unchanged. Passenger car manufacturer retail sales are 60,823 units (previous value: 51,175 units), and wholesale sales are 75,923 units (previous value: 56,286 units) [1][54]. 3.7 CPI: Pork Prices Continue to Fall - The CPI monthly - on - monthly forecast is - 0.1% (previous value: 0.0%). The average wholesale price of pork is 20.7 yuan/kg (previous value: 20.8 yuan/kg) [1][63]. 3.8 PPI: Rebar Prices Continue to Decline - The PPI monthly - on - monthly forecast is - 0.2% (previous value: - 0.3%). The settlement price of rebar futures is 3,237 yuan/ton (previous value: 3,299 yuan/ton) [1][69]. 3.9 Transportation: Both Passenger Transport and Flights Decline - The transportation high - frequency index is 127.6 (previous value: 127.4), with a week - on - week increase of 0.2 point and a year - on - year increase of 8.0 points (previous value: 7.8 points), and the year - on - year growth rate increases. The passenger volume of the subway in first - tier cities is 38.53 million person - times (previous value: 38.66 million person - times), and the number of domestic flights is 12,682 flights (previous value: 12,744 flights) [2][81]. 3.10 Inventory: Soda Ash Inventory Continues to Decline - The inventory high - frequency index is 160.1 (previous value: 160.0), with a week - on - week increase of 0.1 point and a year - on - year increase of 9.9 points (previous value: 9.9 points), and the year - on - year growth rate remains unchanged. The soda ash inventory is 161.3 million tons (previous value: 167.7 million tons) [2][86]. 3.11 Financing: 6M National - Share Banker's Acceptance Bill Rediscount Rate Rebounds - The financing high - frequency index is 227.9 (previous value: 227.3), with a week - on - week increase of 0.6 point and a year - on - year increase of 29.1 points (previous value: 29.1 points), and the year - on - year growth rate remains unchanged. The 6M national - share banker's acceptance bill rediscount rate is 1.10% (previous value: 1.08%) [2][98].
市场周观察05月第2期:再论红利的必要性和终点
NORTHEAST SECURITIES· 2025-05-11 13:15
Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report emphasizes the narrowing of dividend opportunities, with the top four sectors being banks, highlighting the importance of stable earnings per share (EPS) and dividend yields above 2% compared to the 10-year government bond yield [2][12] - The report identifies key sectors for dividend investment, including state-owned large banks, rural commercial banks, city commercial banks, and joint-stock banks, as well as consumer staples like kitchen and bathroom appliances, liquor, and white goods [2][12] - The report notes that the previously strong coal sector is no longer included in the dividend focus, indicating a shift in market dynamics [2][12] Group 2 - The report discusses the preference for stable assets in a high real interest rate environment, suggesting that the traditional view of dividend superiority due to declining risk-free rates may no longer apply [3][4] - It introduces the concept of actual interest rates, defined as the risk-free rate minus the Producer Price Index (PPI), which has shown a strong correlation with asset prices since 2016 [3][4][14] - The report indicates that the divergence between dividend stocks and government bonds observed since 2022 suggests a change in the pricing model for dividend stocks [3][15] Group 3 - The report predicts that the end of the dividend trend will occur when real interest rates decline and the gap between dividend yields and GDP growth converges [4][21] - It highlights that the current government bond yield is around 1.65%, limiting the downward potential for risk-free rates, while rising PPI could impact supply-demand dynamics [4][21] - The report emphasizes the need to consider the impact of exports on GDP, particularly in the context of tariff implementations expected in mid-2025 [4][21] Group 4 - The report notes a significant shift in market sentiment, with a clear inverse relationship between dividend and small-cap styles since 2022, indicating a defensive versus offensive market mentality [26] - It suggests that liquidity conditions affect small-cap performance, with trading volumes around 1-1.1 trillion indicating a reversal between dividend and small-cap styles [26][30] - The report identifies that financing amounts reflect leverage willingness and are indicative of small-cap style trends [26][30] Group 5 - The report highlights that historical patterns show banks typically experience adjustments after the annual report season, with the best investment period identified as August [33][40] - It suggests that banks may be positioned for early investment due to the narrowing dividend focus, with a stable inflow of funds into dividend assets [40][41] - The report indicates that Hong Kong stocks offer more attractive dividend yields compared to A-shares, with consistent inflows from southbound capital [40][41]