来源：内容来自互联网 10月10日，特朗普 在其"真相社交"平台上宣布 称将从11月1日起对华商品加征100%额外关税。同 时，特朗普表示美国将开始对"所有关键软件"实施出口管制。 根据彼得森国际经济研究所的数据， 美国对华商品平均关税目前约为57%。若此次加税得以实施， 关税将升至150%以上。 此举回应中国近期对稀土元素的出口管制，中国商务部于10月9日发布的2025年第61号公告，该公 告引入了对七种稀土元素及其相关技术的出口限制，要求外国公司获得特别批准方可将这些金属元 素运往国外。 此前，中国已对稀土出口实施严格控制， 但此次新增五种元素，并扩展至稀土开采和加工技术，标 志着中我国政府在关键矿产领域的管制进一步收紧。 如果您希望可以时常见面，欢迎标星收藏哦~ 美国在软件领域确实占据优势，如CAD设计、EDA工具、工业仿真、AI模型训练领域等等。数据显 示， 在2025年软件出口国家排名中，美国以6490亿美元领先，占全球15.3%，其三分之二服务出口 靠数字化，金融+云服务双核驱动，AI软件技术深度应用于金融风险预测、医疗数据分析以及代码 开发及安全防护等。 有博主分析，特朗普的算盘是：既然中国管制 ...

100% additional tariff. Is this bluster or the end of our economic relationship. Well, I'll say this.I introduced legislation that I call on Earth America's Future Act, its legislation based off the Chips and Science Act to bring processing and refining of critical minerals and rare earth elements here to the United States of America. This is a major component of our supply chain, and yet we ceded all the ground to China and we're very dependent on them. And so Donald Trump's approach isn't going to totally ...

10月9日（周四），印尼矿业部长表示，印尼已出台一项规定，旨在帮助中小型企业以及合作社获得采 矿许可，而无需经历招标程序。 这项新规定是基于2月份通过的一项法律而制定的，该法律为规模较小的公司（包括宗教团体的业务部 门）提供了进入某些矿区的优先权。 在此之前，印尼在资源分配方面一直只优先考虑国有企业。 矿业部长Bahlil Lahadalia在一场经济会议上表示，只有那些符合特定标准的中小企业和合作社才能获得 优先准入资格。 Bahlil在发言中称："如果继续采用招标程序，那么何时才能实现公正呢？" 印尼是全球最大的镍生产国和动力煤出口国，并且拥有丰富的锡、铜和铝土矿等金属矿藏。 该国还一直在努力从镍和锡的加工过程中所产生的副产品中提取稀土元素。 ...

近期，中美两国高层官员密集互动。9月9日，国防部长董军与美国国防部长赫格塞思进行视频通话；9月10日，中共中央政治局委员、外交部长王毅同美国 国务卿鲁比奥通电话。 当地时间9月14日至15日，中美双方经贸团队在西班牙马德里举行会谈。这是中美之间第四轮贸易谈判，但前景并不乐观——原因很简单，美国缺乏最基本 的诚意。 中美马德里会谈旨在解决双方长期存在的贸易分歧。据路透社报道，会谈内容涵盖美国单边关税措施、滥用出口管制及TikTok等经贸问题。 中国商务部国际贸易谈判代表兼副部长李成钢表示，中美双方就以合作方式妥善解决TikTok问题、减少投资障碍、促进经贸合作等达成了基本框架共识。 然而，美国财长贝森特在会谈后期的表态耐人寻味。他承认中美贸易协议取得了良好进展，但在技术细节和全面协议条款方面仍需进一步研究，并称中方提 出了一项"非常激进的要求"。 谈判前夕，美国试图拉拢盟友向中国施压。据英国《金融时报》报道，美国正向七国集团（G7）成员国施压，要求它们对购买俄罗斯石油的印度和中国大 幅提高关税。 特朗普甚至要求欧盟对中印加征100%关税。这一提议旨在迫使俄当局与乌克兰进行和平谈判，但更多是为了增加美国在对华谈判 ...

Group 1 - China's export control on rare earth elements has significantly impacted the EU's high-tech industries, particularly in electric vehicles and renewable energy sectors, with 92% of the EU's rare earth permanent magnets relying on imports from China [2][11] - The EU's attempt to impose high tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles led to a retaliatory reduction of 80% in China's rare earth export quotas, which has severely affected European automotive manufacturers [9][7] - The EU's dependency on China for rare earth elements has been highlighted as a critical vulnerability, especially as the EU faces rising industrial electricity costs and a lack of alternative sources [4][11] Group 2 - The EU has proposed a plan for lunar mining to alleviate its resource dependency, aiming to extract rare earth elements and helium-3 from the moon, which has sparked skepticism from the international community [13][15] - The timeline for the EU's lunar mining initiative includes launching a lunar probe by 2030 and establishing a small lunar base by 2040, which is a significant acceleration from previous deep space exploration plans [19] - However, the technical, economic, and legal challenges of lunar mining are substantial, with current costs for lunar mining projected to be significantly higher than terrestrial mining [21][23][25] Group 3 - The lunar mining initiative reflects a broader geopolitical struggle for resource control, with the US seeking to influence the rules of space resource utilization through the Artemis Accords, while Russia and China oppose the privatization of lunar resources [29][31] - China's strategy includes strengthening its rare earth processing capabilities and expanding its presence in the European renewable energy market, which undermines the effectiveness of EU trade protection measures [31][33] - The EU's reliance on lunar mining as a solution to its immediate resource crisis indicates a strategic anxiety, as the demand for rare earth elements is expected to triple in the next five years, with no viable alternative supply chains established by 2030 [33]

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of Indonesia's Mineral Industry Bureau marks a significant step in the national regulation of rare earth resources, moving away from private and public access to full state control [1] Group 1: Institutional Changes - The new bureau's responsibilities are based on three strategic pillars: optimizing rare earth element extraction, enhancing protection of rare earth elements, and accelerating downstream industrialization [1] - The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources will supply raw materials, while the Mineral Industry Bureau will manage downstream activities and terminal product strategies [1] Group 2: Focus Areas - Rare earth elements consist of 17 metal elements with unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, widely used in new energy, electronics, and aerospace industries [1] - The new bureau will focus on strategic minerals for the defense industry, including rare metals and radioactive minerals, with the aim of accelerating the application of university research in defense [1]

Core Insights - Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are crucial for modern technology and sustainable development, playing a vital role in various applications from consumer electronics to clean energy solutions [1][2] - China's dominance in the REE market is a result of strategic national policies and significant investments in mining infrastructure and processing technologies, allowing it to control a substantial portion of the global supply chain [3][4] - The geopolitical implications of REE supply chains are significant, with Western nations striving to establish alternative sources while facing numerous challenges, including time-consuming development processes and a lack of technical expertise [4][5] Group 1: Importance of Rare Earth Elements - REEs are essential for modern technologies, including smartphones, electric vehicles, and military applications, making them critical for a low-carbon future [2][3] - The strategic value of REEs extends to national defense, where they are used in advanced military technologies [2][4] Group 2: China's Dominance - China has supplied 60% to 70% of the world's REE supply since the late 1990s and controls 85% to 90% of the refining capacity [2][3] - The country has developed a vertically integrated industrial complex for REEs, enabling it to manage the entire supply chain from mining to high-end component manufacturing [3][4] Group 3: Challenges for Western Nations - Establishing new REE supply chains in the West is hindered by lengthy development timelines (10 to 15 years), complex regulatory processes, and significant capital requirements [4][5] - The lack of technical expertise in REE processing in Western countries complicates efforts to compete with China's scale and cost advantages [4][5] Group 4: Strategic Responses - To address the supply chain crisis, Western nations need to invest in recycling technologies and establish fair partnerships with resource-rich developing countries [5] - Diplomatic dialogue and clear communication channels are essential to manage tensions and enhance transparency in resource flows [5]

Core Insights - China plays a dominant role in the global rare earth elements (REEs) supply chain, providing 70% of the U.S. rare earth imports from 2020 to 2023, significantly more than any other country [1][3] - The U.S. relies heavily on China for key rare earth elements, with 90% of global rare earth production coming from China, which also possesses the largest separation and refining capabilities [3][5] - The U.S. is actively seeking new international supply partners, such as Ukraine, to reduce dependence on Chinese rare earth supplies and ensure stable access to strategic resources [7] Summary by Category Supply Chain Dynamics - China accounts for 70% of U.S. rare earth imports, followed by Malaysia (13%), Japan (6%), and Estonia (5%), with other countries making up the remaining 6% [3] - The actual abundance of rare earth elements in the earth's crust is not low, but the challenge lies in discovering economically viable deposits and refining them sustainably [3] Key Rare Earth Elements - Key rare earth elements heavily reliant on Chinese supply include Yttrium, Samarium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Lutetium, and Scandium, which are essential for military equipment, electric motors, and next-generation electronics [5] U.S. Strategic Moves - In response to tariffs imposed by the Trump administration, China has implemented export restrictions on seven rare earth elements, temporarily halting their export [7] - The Mountain Pass mine in California is currently the only rare earth mine in the U.S., but it relies on China for refining the extracted ore [7] - The U.S. is pursuing resource development agreements with Ukraine, which has the largest exploitable rare earth reserves in Europe, to enhance its competitive position in the international market [7]

Core Insights - Ucore Rare Metals Inc. plans to start production of rare earth elements in a new factory in Louisiana by May next year [1] - The company aims to produce up to 3,000 tons of rare earth elements in the first year, with a target of 12,000 tons upon full completion of the facility by 2027 [1] - CEO Pat Ryan highlighted the potential for importing materials from Brazil, processing them, and exporting finished products to Japan without incurring tariffs [1]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. is pressuring South Korea to collaborate in countering China's dominance in the shipbuilding industry, placing South Korea in a difficult position [1][3][9] Group 1: U.S. Demands and Strategic Context - The U.S. has requested South Korea to reduce its reliance on China for raw materials and to jointly develop the shipbuilding industry, which has created significant pressure on South Korea [1][3] - Since the current U.S. administration took office, there has been a heightened focus on China's rapid rise in the shipbuilding sector, with concerns that China's advancements could threaten U.S. naval superiority [3][6] - The U.S. has implemented measures such as imposing high port fees on Chinese shipbuilding companies and plans to levy 100% tariffs on Chinese port equipment, aiming to curb China's influence in the global shipbuilding market [3][6] Group 2: South Korea's Challenges - South Korea's shipbuilding industry is heavily reliant on Chinese supply chains for essential materials and components, which complicates the feasibility of reducing cooperation with China [4][6] - If South Korea complies with U.S. demands, it may face increased production costs and longer delivery times, ultimately diminishing its competitive edge in the global market [4][6] - The deep integration of South Korea's shipbuilding sector with China's supply chain means that any abrupt separation could lead to significant competitive disadvantages [6][9] Group 3: Economic and Political Implications - The U.S. proposal not only affects South Korea economically but also challenges its belief in independent development, as South Korea does not wish to become a pawn in great power rivalries [8][9] - South Korea must navigate the delicate balance of maintaining economic stability while avoiding unnecessary political conflicts, given China's irreplaceable role in the global supply chain [9] - The future decisions of South Korea regarding its relationship with China and the U.S. will be critical, as they encompass both economic and strategic considerations [9]