Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) is committed to implementing a series of monetary policy measures to support stable economic growth and financial market stability while advancing financial reforms and enhancing international cooperation [2][6][10]. Group 1: Monetary Policy Measures - The PBOC has introduced a new package of monetary policy measures since 2025, including lowering the reserve requirement ratio and interest rates to maintain liquidity and reduce financing costs [3][14]. - The central bank aims to keep social financing conditions relatively loose and ensure that the growth of social financing and money supply aligns with economic growth and price level expectations [18]. Group 2: Financial Risk Management - Financial risks in key areas are being effectively mitigated, with the PBOC enhancing monitoring and regulatory measures in the bond market and supporting the resolution of debt risks associated with financing platforms [4][19]. - The establishment of the PBOC's Macro-Prudential and Financial Stability Committee aims to strengthen the financial stability framework [15]. Group 3: International Financial Cooperation - The PBOC is actively engaging in international financial cooperation, participating in global governance initiatives, and enhancing macroeconomic policy coordination through platforms like the G20 [3][20]. - Support for the establishment of the International Monetary Fund's Shanghai Center reflects the PBOC's commitment to global financial governance reform [9][20]. Group 4: Financial Services and Development - The PBOC is focused on improving financial services for high-quality development, including increasing loan quotas for technology innovation and small enterprises, and enhancing the quality of financial support in various sectors [4][16]. - Over 700 entities have issued technology innovation bonds totaling more than 1.5 trillion yuan, indicating a strong push towards supporting technological advancements [14]. Group 5: Legislative and Regulatory Enhancements - The PBOC is advancing important legislative reforms, including the Financial Stability Law and the Commercial Banking Law, to strengthen the regulatory framework [5][16]. - Efforts to enhance the management of digital currency and improve anti-money laundering regulations are also underway [5][20].

Core Viewpoint - The primary factors influencing the gold market are the movements of the US dollar and monetary policy, particularly the Federal Reserve's interest rate policy [1]. Group 1: Dollar Influence - Gold has an inverse relationship with the US dollar; when the dollar strengthens, gold prices typically decline due to increased holding costs [1]. - Conversely, when the dollar weakens, gold prices generally rise as holding costs decrease [2]. - The US Dollar Index (DXY) measures the dollar's value against a basket of major currencies, and its fluctuations directly impact gold prices [3][4]. Group 2: Interest Rate Changes - When the Federal Reserve raises interest rates, the opportunity cost of holding gold increases, leading investors to seek higher-yielding assets, which can cause gold prices to fall [5]. - In contrast, when the Federal Reserve lowers interest rates, the attractiveness of gold increases, often resulting in higher prices [6]. Group 3: Quantitative Easing and Monetary Policy Expectations - The implementation of quantitative easing (QE) by the Federal Reserve, which includes actions like printing money and purchasing bonds, increases market liquidity and inflation expectations, typically driving gold prices up [7]. - Market expectations regarding Federal Reserve policies, such as anticipated rate hikes or cuts, can also influence gold prices, with expectations of rate hikes potentially leading to preemptive declines in gold prices [8]. Group 4: Economic Conditions - During periods of strong economic growth, investors may prefer riskier assets like stocks, leading to decreased demand for gold and potential price declines [9]. - Conversely, during economic recessions, investors often turn to gold as a safe-haven asset, which can drive prices higher [10]. Group 5: Inflation and Deflation - Rising inflation tends to increase demand for gold as a store of value, resulting in higher prices [11]. - In deflationary periods, demand for gold may decrease, putting downward pressure on prices [12]. Group 6: Geopolitical Risks and Economic Uncertainty - Geopolitical events such as wars, political instability, and terrorist attacks can elevate demand for gold as a safe-haven asset, often leading to price increases [13][14]. - Economic uncertainties, including financial crises and debt crises, can also boost demand for gold [15]. Group 7: Supply and Demand Dynamics - Factors affecting gold supply include mining output, recycling rates, and central bank selling behaviors [16]. - Demand influences come from investment needs (like gold ETFs, bars, and coins), industrial uses (such as electronics and medical applications), and jewelry demand [16]. - Investor sentiment regarding economic outlooks, including concerns about inflation and recession, can impact gold prices [16]. - Speculative trading in futures markets can lead to short-term volatility in gold prices [16]. - Central bank purchasing or selling of gold reserves can significantly affect market supply and demand [16]. - Technical factors, such as support and resistance levels in gold pricing, can also influence short-term trends [16].

| | | | | 申银万国期货研究所 唐广华（从业资格号：F3010997；交易咨询号：Z0011162） tanggh@sywgqh.com.cn 021-50586292 | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | TS2603 | TS2606 | TF2603 | TF2606 | T2603 | T2606 | TL2603 | TL2606 | | | 昨日收盘价 | 102.454 | 102.492 | 105.760 | 105.745 | 107.855 | 107.845 | 111.32 | 111.49 | | | 前日收盘价 | 102.486 | 102.526 | 105.815 | 105.820 | 107.860 | 107.875 | 111.41 | 111.63 | | | 涨跌 | -0.032 | -0.034 | -0.055 | -0.075 | -0.005 | -0.030 | -0.090 | -0.140 | | | 涨跌幅 | -0 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the content. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The construction of the "modern central bank" system depends on the improvement of the "dual - pillar" of monetary policy and macro - prudential management policy. This report focuses on the formation and evolution of China's policy interest rate system and systematically reviews the development and application of various monetary policy tools, aiming to establish a theoretical and practical framework for subsequent analysis of the interest rate transmission mechanism [2][7][21]. - The current policy interest rate of the central bank has shifted to the short - end, with the 7 - day reverse repurchase rate becoming the main policy interest rate, and the Medium - term Lending Facility (MLF) rate fading out of the policy interest rate sequence [8][24][28]. - The central bank's monetary policy toolbox is diverse, and the innovation of monetary policy has obvious stage divisions. Since 2024, there have been changes in the central bank's thinking on quantity - price operations and expected management of monetary policy [9]. - Since the end of 2024, the monetary policy has changed from "prudent" to "moderately loose", and in 2026, it continues to be set as such, with more emphasis on "flexibility and efficiency" [10][135]. 3. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs Introduction - "Building a modern central bank system" is an important part of "establishing a modern fiscal and financial system". Since its proposal, the central bank has carried out reforms in multiple directions, including the short - end concentration of policy interest rates, the introduction of new open - market operation tools, and the launch of targeted structural monetary policy tools. The regulatory authorities have also given clear expectations for future reform directions [17][19]. - The report series is launched to comprehensively sort out and interpret policy reforms, and the first report focuses on the review and direction deduction of monetary policy tools and policy interest rates [19][21]. Interest Rate System Framework: Starting from Policy Interest Rates Policy Interest Rate Latest Changes: Focusing on the Short - End - China's current interest rate system is divided into three levels: the central bank's policy interest rate (currently the 7 - day reverse repurchase rate), market benchmark interest rates (including the deposit - type financial institution pledged repurchase rate, treasury bond yield, and loan prime rate), and diverse market interest rates in the money, bond, and deposit - loan markets [8][24]. - In 2024, during the process of deepening interest rate marketization reform, the central bank clearly defined the 7 - day reverse repurchase rate as the main policy interest rate. The MLF rate has faded out of the policy interest rate sequence, with adjustments in its operation time and bidding method [28][29]. Policy Interest Rate Review: Retrospect of the Development of 7 - Day Reverse Repurchase and MLF - Policy interest rates have evolved from multiple co - existing rates to the 7 - day reverse repurchase rate. Before 2015, there were many types of policy interest rates. Around 2020, the central bank established a framework with the open - market operation rate as the short - term policy interest rate and the MLF rate as the medium - term policy interest rate. From 2024 - 2025, the 7 - day reverse repurchase rate became the only policy interest rate [37][39][40]. - The 7 - day reverse repurchase has evolved from sporadic use to the most core policy interest rate. It originated in 1998, with low - frequency use from 1999 - 2007 and a suspension from 2008 - 2011. Since 2016, it has become a regular operation, and since 2020, the 7 - day term has been the main one, with its policy attribute continuously enhanced [42][46][47]. - The MLF was created in September 2014 to hedge the decline in foreign exchange reserves. Its term has been unified to 1 - year, and its scale has increased significantly. Around 2020, its operation rate independently assumed the function of the medium - term policy interest rate. Currently, it has withdrawn from the policy interest rate position and returned to its function of liquidity injection [59][63][68]. Monetary Policy Toolbox Inventory Deposit Reserves: A Long - Term Liquidity Adjustment Tool for the Banking System - The system framework of deposit reserves has been continuously improved, with the scope of the reserve base expanding and the deposit reserve ratio system undergoing multiple reforms, including the implementation of a differential deposit reserve ratio system, targeted reserve requirement cuts, and the establishment of a "three - tier and two - preference" framework, which is now simplified to a "three - tier" framework [79][80][85]. - The central bank has adjusted the deposit reserve ratio in multiple stages according to the macro - economic situation, and the reserve assessment method has changed from the point - in - time method to the average method. The central bank has also adjusted the reserve interest rate multiple times [90][94][95]. Buy - out Reverse Repurchase: Created in October 2024 to Provide Medium - and Short - Term Liquidity - The buy - out reverse repurchase is different from the traditional pledged reverse repurchase in terms of bond ownership and bidding method. Its operation has become more transparent, with a monthly rhythm of providing different - term liquidity support at different times. It has become an important channel for the central bank to inject liquidity [98][100][101]. Treasury Bond Trading: Launched in 2024 to Release Medium - and Long - Term Liquidity - Treasury bond trading was launched in August 2024, suspended in January 2025, and restarted in October 2025. It can supplement the medium - and long - term liquidity of the banking system, and the central bank's trading of treasury bonds has an impact on its balance sheet [107][110]. Other Monetary Policy Tools Overview - The central bank's monetary policy toolbox is rich, including open - market operation tools (such as central bank bills, central bank bill swaps, etc.), central bank lending tools (such as rediscount and re - loans), and innovative tools (such as standing lending facilities, pledged supplementary loans, etc.). Some tools have faded out after fulfilling their historical missions [115][117]. Current Monetary Policy Orientation: "Moderately Loose" and "Flexible and Efficient" - Since the end of 2024, the monetary policy has changed from "prudent" to "moderately loose", and in 2026, it continues to emphasize "flexibility and efficiency". The "moderately loose" policy is necessary for economic recovery and coordination with fiscal policy [10][135]. - "Flexible and efficient" implies precise implementation of policies, especially considering the limited space for reserve requirement cuts and interest rate cuts. The Federal Reserve's three interest rate cuts in 2025 have opened up policy space for domestic interest rate cuts. Although the domestic deposit reserve ratio has limited downward space, there is still room for reform, and the use of diversified liquidity injection tools can replace reserve requirement cuts to some extent [137][139][141].

新华财经北京1月6日电 2026年首批政府债券于近日启动发行，受供给担忧冲击，债市收益率连续两个 交易日大幅上行。截至6日早盘，10年期国债活跃券250016收益率上涨2.4BP，报1.8855%，接近2025年 3月中旬高点。30年期国债活跃券2500006收益率上涨1.7BP，再度突破2.30%。10年期国开活跃券 250215收益率也创下2025年9月以来新高，盘中高点报1.9775%，日内涨幅达到2.75BP。 前一交易日，上述债券品种收益率涨幅均超过2BP。 对于年初的政府债券发行高峰可能对债市造成的冲击，国盛证券首席固收分析师杨业伟表示："需要看 到，这并非趋势，而是节奏性的影响。"据他分析，2026年财政或将保持适度扩张，政府债券同比多增 或明显低于2025年。这意味着全年来看，融资相较于2025年增量或有限。那么1月份集中投放，则意味 着后续继续投放空间下降。"因此，这种影响更多是节奏性的，不会带来趋势性影响。随着 1 月末信贷 和政府债券冲量高峰期过去，对债市的影响也将逐步渐退。" 不仅如此，杨业伟还表示，进入新的一年后，一方面，根据巴塞尔框架SPR31最终修订文件，银行账簿 利率冲击情形中 ...

Group 1 - Silver futures are currently trading above 19193, with an opening price of 18126 CNY/kg and a current price of 19495 CNY/kg, reflecting a 7.30% increase [1] - The highest price reached today is 19559 CNY/kg, while the lowest was 18082 CNY/kg, indicating a bullish short-term trend in silver futures [1] - The silver market is showing strong domestic sentiment, with the main contract expected to operate within the range of 18300-19540 CNY/kg [3] Group 2 - Federal Reserve's Kashkari stated that the benchmark interest rate may be close to a "neutral level," with future monetary policy dependent on economic data [2] - Despite expectations of an economic slowdown, the U.S. economy has shown greater resilience than anticipated, suggesting that current monetary policy may not be as restrictive as thought [2] - The Fed faces dual risks: long-term inflation pressure from tariff policies and the risk of a sudden rise in unemployment, necessitating more data to determine the primary influencing factor on future policy [2]

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - The rating for the bond market is "volatile" [1] 2. Core View of the Report - The 12 - month Chinese manufacturing PMI returned to the expansion range, while the service industry remained below the boom - bust line. The stock market's sharp rise on Monday suppressed bond market bulls, and Treasury bond futures may fluctuate in the short term [1][2] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs **Market Review** - On Monday, Treasury bond futures opened higher across the board, then fell back and fluctuated narrowly around the previous close until the close. By the close, the 30 - year Treasury bond futures main contract TL2603 fell 0.05%, the 10 - year T2603 rose 0.03%, the 5 - year TF2603 fell 0.02%, and the 2 - year TS2603 fell 0.03% [1] **Important Information** - **Open Market**: On Monday, the central bank conducted 13.5 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, with 482.3 billion yuan of reverse repurchases maturing, resulting in a net withdrawal of 468.8 billion yuan [1] - **Funds Market**: On Monday, the overnight interest rate in the inter - bank funds market remained low. DR001's weighted average for the day was 1.26% (previous trading day: 1.24%); DR007's weighted average for the day was 1.43% (same as the previous trading day) [1] - **Cash Bond Market**: On Monday, the closing yields of inter - bank Treasury bonds mostly increased compared to the previous trading day. The 2 - year Treasury bond yield rose 2.91 BP to 1.38%, the 5 - year rose 1.31 BP to 1.64%, the 10 - year rose 1.57 BP to 1.86%, and the 30 - year rose 2.93 BP to 2.28% [1] - **Central Bank Data**: In December 2025, the central bank net - injected 50 billion yuan through open - market Treasury bond trading operations, marking the third consecutive month of such operations. In December, the central bank conducted 3.5361 trillion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, withdrew 3.4542 trillion yuan, achieving a net injection of 81.9 billion yuan. Other - term reverse repurchases had a net injection of 400 billion yuan. Through MLF, there was a net injection of 100 billion yuan, and through SLF, a net injection of 7.1 billion yuan [1] - **US Data**: The US December ISM manufacturing index slightly decreased from 48.2 to 47.9, remaining below 50 for 10 consecutive months [1] **Market Logic** - In December, China's manufacturing PMI was 50.1%, returning to the expansion range after eight consecutive months below the boom - bust line. Manufacturing production and demand both entered the expansion range. The December service industry business activity index was 49.7%, remaining below the boom - bust line. The central bank's Q4 monetary policy committee meeting emphasized adjusting the intensity, rhythm, and timing of monetary policy. The new regulations on fund sales fees are favorable for the bond market. The stock market rose sharply on Monday, suppressing bond market bulls [1][2] **Trading Strategy** - Traders should conduct band operations [2]

智通财经APP获悉，中信证券发布研报称，亚太新兴经济体在2025年展现出超预期的韧性，但部分驱动 因素在2026年或将减弱，在此过程中出口导向型经济体或将承受更大压力，而内需驱动型市场或更具韧 性。结合CLSA分析，该行预计在高基数的背景下，亚太新兴经济体经济增长或将温和降温，低通胀下 部分经济体的货币政策仍有宽松空间。具体国家来看，印度、印尼、泰国、菲律宾和越南或将延续宽松 周期，但马来西亚和新加坡或将维持稳健的货币政策。 中信证券主要观点如下： 本月核心关注因素：亚太新兴经济体在2025年展现出超预期的韧性，但部分驱动因素在2026年或将减 弱，在此过程中出口导向型经济体或将承受更大压力，而内需驱动型经济体或更具韧性。 2025年，全球经济增长出现超预期韧性，主要得益于消费前置、人工智能资本支出以及强劲的股票市 场，带动亚太新兴经济体实现超预期经济增长。展望2026年，支撑亚太新兴经济体经济增长的驱动因素 可能边际减弱，在前期高基数背景下，亚太新兴经济体增速或将呈现"前低后稳"的温和放缓态势，出口 导向型经济体或将承受更大压力，内需驱动型经济体则相对稳健。此外，全球范围内国家安全范式正经 历深刻变革，或将 ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the outlook for the debt market in 2026, indicating a continuation of the deleveraging phase with high corporate leverage and government leveraging while household debt pressure eases [1][3]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Debt Cycle Outlook**: The debt cycle in 2026 is expected to remain in a deleveraging and debt crisis clearing phase, with corporate leverage remaining high and government leverage increasing [3]. - **Debt Pressure Changes**: Household debt costs, particularly mortgage-related, are expected to decrease, while corporate leverage remains high. Government debt financing costs are manageable due to previous interest rate declines [4]. - **Inflation Trends**: Inflation is anticipated to enter a mild recovery phase, with food prices, particularly from the pig cycle, expected to rise in 2026. However, overall price improvements are not expected to be significant [5]. - **Policy Recommendations**: A dual easing policy of fiscal and monetary measures is recommended, with a projected broad deficit rate of around 10% in 2026. Monetary policy should include slight interest rate cuts to maintain low nominal rates [6]. - **Nominal GDP Growth**: Nominal GDP growth is expected to approach zero, relying more on actual output improvements rather than price increases. This necessitates stabilizing total demand through fiscal and monetary easing [7][8]. - **Liquidity and Monetary Policy**: The liquidity situation in 2025 was positive, with expectations of continued easing in 2026. The focus of monetary policy is shifting towards short-term interest rates and liquidity management [9]. - **Credit Growth Expectations**: Credit growth, particularly in the household sector, is expected to continue declining, with new credit primarily driven by policy-induced investment demand [11][12]. - **Deposit Trends**: The deposit situation is expected to stabilize in 2026, with no significant pressure on liabilities, although growth rates will not match previous highs [13]. Additional Important Insights - **Institutional Behavior**: State-owned banks are expected to continue profit realization, with a shift towards bond investment strategies. Insurance companies are focusing on long-duration bonds, while bank wealth management products are growing [14]. - **Interest Rate Strategy**: A recommendation for a term strategy under a steep yield curve is made, with low probabilities of significant long-end yield increases [15][16]. - **Credit Strategy Focus**: Attention should be given to changes in risk premiums in urban investment bonds and the supply changes brought by the rise of the Sci-Tech Innovation Board. There are opportunities in medium-term urban investment bonds and infrastructure sectors [17]. - **Macro Environment Conclusion**: The overall macro environment is characterized by dual easing policies, leading to a likely continuation of a steep yield curve, suggesting that term strategies will remain relevant [18].

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The records primarily discuss the bond market, focusing on interest rate bonds, credit bonds, convertible bonds, and fixed income strategies for the years 2025 and 2026 [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Core Insights and Arguments 2025 Bond Market Performance - The bond market in 2025 showed weak pricing against fundamentals, particularly after February when CPI turned negative, leading to a deflationary environment [7]. - The central bank's tightening of the monetary policy resulted in major banks selling bonds, causing a liquidity crisis [1][7]. - The insurance sector, particularly dividend insurance, saw a significant year, but new funds directed towards long-term bonds had a marginal impact [1][7]. 2026 Investment Strategy - The investment strategy for 2026 emphasizes a "small and stable" approach, recommending medium to short-term strategies to mitigate volatility [2][6]. - It is suggested to focus on 7-10 year government bonds or 5-7 year perpetual bonds to control risks and maintain stable returns [11]. - The overall bond supply in 2026 is expected to be at least as strong as in 2025, indicating a potential continuation of the liquidity crisis [9]. Key Influencing Factors for 2026 - Several factors are anticipated to dominate the bond market in 2026: 1. U.S.-China trade tensions, particularly tariff increases in April and October [4]. 2. Monetary policy adjustments, with expectations of limited room for interest rate cuts (approximately 10 basis points) [11]. 3. Advances in AI technology, which may enhance market risk appetite [4][5]. 4. Increased government debt supply due to fiscal policies, leading to a liquidity crisis [4]. 5. Stock market performance, which may suppress bond market sentiment [4]. Credit Risk and Strategy - Overall credit risk is deemed manageable, with a steady increase in wealth management scale [12]. - Recommendations include early positioning in the first quarter for returns and extending duration to 4-5 year coupon assets [12]. - Focus on high-quality central enterprises and state-owned enterprise real estate bonds is advised, avoiding prolonged durations [3][12]. Regulatory Impact - New regulatory policies are expected to disrupt the market, particularly in the third and fourth quarters of 2026, with potential negative impacts from public fund sales regulations [10]. Additional Important Insights - The bond market's performance in 2025 was significantly influenced by factors such as the U.S.-China relationship, monetary policy changes, and the introduction of new regulations [17]. - The convertible bond market is projected to face challenges due to high valuations and supply-demand imbalances, with net financing expected to remain negative [21][22]. - The equity market is expected to continue its upward trend, driven by liquidity, with technology sectors (AI, computing, semiconductors) and anti-involution sectors (chemicals, photovoltaics) being key areas of focus [24][25]. Conclusion - The bond market outlook for 2026 suggests a cautious approach with a focus on medium to short-term investments, while keeping an eye on regulatory changes and macroeconomic factors that could influence market dynamics. The emphasis on credit quality and strategic positioning in the face of potential volatility is crucial for investors.