Group 1: CPI and Core CPI Trends - In November, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 0.7% year-on-year, marking the highest level since March 2024, with the core CPI rising by 1.2% year-on-year [1][2] - The increase in CPI was primarily driven by a turnaround in food prices, which shifted from a 2.9% decline in October to a 0.2% increase in November [2] - Fresh vegetable prices saw a significant increase, rising by 14.5% year-on-year in November after nine consecutive months of decline, attributed to adverse weather affecting supply [2] Group 2: PPI Trends - The Producer Price Index (PPI) rose by 0.1% month-on-month in November, marking the second consecutive month of increase [1][4] - The rise in PPI was influenced by seasonal demand increases in industries such as coal mining, with coal prices increasing by 4.1% month-on-month [4] - Year-on-year, PPI decreased by 2.2%, with the decline slightly widening compared to October, largely due to high base effects from the previous year [4] Group 3: Emerging Industries and Price Trends - Prices in emerging industries showed signs of recovery, with significant year-on-year increases in sectors such as external storage devices (up 13.9%) and integrated circuit manufacturing (up 1.7%) [5] - The price declines in photovoltaic equipment and lithium-ion battery manufacturing narrowed, indicating a potential stabilization in these sectors [5] - Overall, the outlook for prices suggests a moderate recovery, supported by improving international trade conditions and ongoing domestic demand policies [5]

Core Viewpoint - The CPI rebound in November is primarily influenced by structural factors, and after excluding these disturbances, both CPI and PPI remain weak [2][8][71] CPI Analysis - In November, the CPI increased by 0.5 percentage points month-on-month to 0.7%, driven by a low base and reduced supply in certain categories, particularly food [2][8][71] - Food prices rose, with fresh vegetables and fruits seeing significant increases of 21.8% and 2.7% respectively, while pork prices remained low at -15% year-on-year [2][8][71] - The core CPI remained stable at 1.2%, with core goods CPI at 1.6%, largely supported by high gold prices, which increased by 52.2% year-on-year [2][8][72] PPI Analysis - The PPI in November recorded a year-on-year decline of -2.2%, with a month-on-month increase of 0.1% [7][45] - Factors influencing PPI include rising coal prices due to anti-involution policies, which increased by 9.5% month-on-month, contributing 0.3% to the PPI [3][35][73] - However, the decline in steel and oil prices negatively impacted the PPI, leading to an overall weak performance in downstream prices [3][35][73] Service CPI Insights - The service CPI fell by 0.1 percentage points to 0.7% in November, with weak demand for travel and further declines in rental prices [3][25][62] - The core service CPI decreased by 0.5% month-on-month, primarily due to reduced travel demand post-holiday, affecting hotel and flight prices [3][25][62] Future Outlook - There is potential for further increases in commodity prices, but the impact of anti-involution on downstream prices may take time to materialize, leading to a moderate recovery in inflation [4][41] - The CPI is expected to see a mild rebound due to low base effects and high gold prices, but constraints from reduced government subsidies and rising youth unemployment may limit the extent of this rebound [4][41] Regular Tracking - The November CPI rebound was significantly driven by food items, with food CPI rising by 3.1 percentage points to 0.2% year-on-year [5][50][74] - Non-food CPI categories such as household appliances and communication tools experienced declines, with respective decreases of -0.1% and -1.9% [5][55][74] - Overall service CPI showed a marginal decline, with core service CPI performing worse than seasonal trends [5][62][74]

Core Insights - In November, the national consumer price index (CPI) rose by 0.7% year-on-year, marking the highest increase since March 2024, with a 0.5 percentage point increase from the previous month [1][2][4]. Price Changes - Food prices shifted from a 2.9% decline in the previous month to a 0.2% increase, contributing positively to the CPI [4]. - Fresh vegetable prices surged by 14.5%, marking the first increase after nine consecutive months of decline, significantly impacting the CPI [4]. - The prices of other major categories showed mixed results, with increases in other goods and services (14.2%), clothing (1.9%), and healthcare (1.6%), while transportation and communication prices fell by 2.3% [3][4]. Core CPI - The core CPI, excluding food and energy, increased by 1.2% year-on-year, maintaining a growth rate above 1% for three consecutive months [4][6]. Producer Price Index (PPI) - The PPI rose by 0.1% month-on-month but fell by 2.2% year-on-year, with the decline attributed to high comparison bases from the previous year [6]. - The prices in key industries such as coal mining and photovoltaic equipment manufacturing showed narrowing declines, indicating improved market conditions [6]. Seasonal Demand Impact - Seasonal demand increases in certain industries, such as coal and gas, have led to price hikes in related sectors, with coal mining prices rising by 4.1% month-on-month [5][6]. - The demand for winter clothing and heating products has also contributed to price increases in textile manufacturing [5]. Consumer Spending - The ongoing consumer spending initiatives have positively influenced prices in various sectors, with notable increases in the manufacturing of arts and crafts (20.6%) and sports equipment (4.3%) [6].

Group 1: CPI Analysis - November CPI year-on-year increased to 0.7%, up 0.5 percentage points from the previous value of 0.2%[1] - November food CPI month-on-month rose by 0.5%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points from the previous value[3] - Core CPI month-on-month fell to -0.3%, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous month, remaining above seasonal levels for two consecutive months[3] Group 2: PPI Insights - November PPI year-on-year decreased to -2.2%, a decline of 0.1 percentage points from the previous value of -2.1%[4] - Coal mining and washing industry PPI month-on-month increased by 4.1%, significantly up from the previous value of 1.6%[4] - Input factors and real estate chain contributed to a greater drag on PPI year-on-year, with respective contributions of -0.5 and -0.7 percentage points[4] Group 3: Future Inflation Predictions - December CPI is expected to rise to around 1.0% year-on-year, with a month-on-month increase of approximately 0.2%[6] - December PPI is anticipated to show a year-on-year increase, with the average for 2025 expected to be around -2.6%[6] - The future trajectory of PPI will depend on international commodity prices and domestic policy strength[6] Group 4: Risk Factors - Potential risks include unexpected policy changes and significant fluctuations in commodity prices[6]

Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided. Core Viewpoints - Economic growth shows cost reduction and widespread decline in steel prices, with production - related indicators such as power plant daily consumption, blast furnace operation rate, tire operation rate, and loom operation rate showing different trends; demand - side data for real estate, automobiles, steel, cement, glass, and shipping also vary [1][4]. - Inflation is characterized by the agricultural product price index being higher than in recent years, with different price trends for various agricultural products; PPI shows weak oil prices, and different trends for copper and aluminum prices [2][4]. Summary by Directory 1. Economic Growth: Cost Reduction and Widespread Decline in Steel Prices 1.1 Production: Seasonal Increase in Power Plant Daily Consumption - **1.1.1 Production End: Seasonal Increase in Power Plant Daily Consumption** - On December 9, the average daily consumption of 6 major power - generation groups was 79.7 tons, a 2.3% increase from December 2; on December 2, the daily consumption of power plants in eight southern provinces was 190.8 tons, a 3.9% increase from November 25. Heating demand in the north boosts power consumption, but demand in non - power industries has limited growth [4][12]. - **1.1.2 Production End: Overall Decline in Blast Furnace Operation Rate** - On December 5, the national blast furnace operation rate was 80.1%, a 0.9 - percentage - point decrease from November 28; the capacity utilization rate was 87.1%, also a 0.9 - percentage - point decrease. However, the blast furnace operation rate of Tangshan steel mills increased by 2.4 percentage points. Heavy - pollution response measures and weakening demand in the off - season led to the decline [4][17]. - **1.1.3 Production End: Slight Recovery in Tire Operation Rate** - On December 4, the operation rate of all - steel truck tires was 63.5%, a 0.2 - percentage - point increase from November 27; the operation rate of semi - steel car tires was 70.9%, a 1.7 - percentage - point increase. The loom operation rate in the Jiangsu - Zhejiang region continued to decline [4][20]. 1.2 Demand: Cost Reduction and Widespread Decline in Steel Prices - **1.2.1 Demand End: Improved Monthly - on - Monthly New Home Sales in 30 Cities** - From December 1 - 9, the average daily sales area of commercial housing in 30 large - and medium - sized cities was 256,000 square meters, a 42.0% increase from November, but a decline compared to the same period in previous years. Sales in first - tier, second - tier, and third - tier cities all decreased year - on - year [4][25]. - **1.2.2 Demand End: Weak Growth in Automobile Retail Sales** - In December, retail sales decreased by 32% year - on - year, and wholesale sales decreased by 40% year - on - year. The low growth was due to high sales in December last year and the weakening impact of the trade - in policy [4][29]. - **1.2.3 Demand End: Widespread Decline in Steel Prices** - On December 9, the prices of rebar, wire rod, hot - rolled coil, and cold - rolled coil decreased by 2.4%, 2.1%, 2.7%, and 0.5% respectively compared to December 2. Steel inventory reduction accelerated [4][34]. - **1.2.4 Demand End: Moderate Increase in Cement Prices** - On December 9, the national cement price index increased by 0.4% compared to December 2, with prices in the East China and Yangtze River regions performing better. However, price increases were difficult to implement due to high inventory in some areas. The year - on - year decline in cement prices narrowed [4][35]. - **1.2.5 Demand End: Glass Prices Reached a New Low in the Second Half of the Year** - On December 9, the active glass futures contract price was 985 yuan/ton, a 5.2% decrease from December 2. Weak demand and high inventory were the main reasons [4][40]. - **1.2.6 Demand End: Container Shipping Freight Index Turned Down Again** - On December 5, the CCFI index decreased by 0.6% and the SCFI index decreased by 0.4% compared to November 28. Weak market demand and expanding container ship capacity dragged down freight rates [4][44]. 2. Inflation: Agricultural Product Price Index Higher than in Recent Years 2.1 CPI: Agricultural Product Price Index Higher than in Recent Years - **2.1.1 Pork Prices Rose and Then Fell** - On December 9, the average wholesale price of pork was 17.6 yuan/kg, a 0.1% decrease from December 2. The pressure came from the concentrated slaughter at the end of the year. The month - on - month decline widened [4][49]. - **2.1.2 Agricultural Product Price Index Higher than in Recent Years** - On December 9, the agricultural product wholesale price index increased by 1.1% compared to December 2. Different agricultural products had different price trends. The year - on - year and month - on - month increases in the agricultural product price index were 6.0% and 2.4% respectively [4][55]. 2.2 PPI: Weak Oil Prices - **2.2.1 Oil Prices Weakened** - On December 9, the spot prices of Brent and WTI crude oil were $62.8 and $58.3 per barrel respectively, a 2.2% and 0.7% decrease from December 2. Oversupply expectations and weakening geopolitical support led to the decline [4][58]. - **2.2.2 Copper Prices Rose and Aluminum Prices Fell** - On December 9, the prices of LME 3 - month copper and aluminum increased by 3.0% and decreased by 0.7% respectively compared to December 2. The domestic commodity index showed different trends in month - on - month changes [4][63]. - **2.2.3 Most Industrial Product Prices Declined Month - on - Month** - Since December, most industrial product prices declined month - on - month, with coking coal and coke having the largest declines. The year - on - year decline in most industrial product prices narrowed, except for cold - rolled sheet and glass [4][65].

证券研究报告 | 策略定期报告 2025 年 12 月 10 日 11 月 CPI 同比增幅扩大，各类挖机、装载机销量同比改善 ——行业景气观察（1210） 本周景气度改善的方向主要在部分资源品、消费服务和信息技术领域。上游资源 品中，金属价格多数上涨，水泥价格改善；中游制造领域，11 月各类挖掘机、装 载机销量三个月滚动同比增幅扩大。信息技术中，11 月集成电路进口、出口同比 增幅扩大，10 月全球半导体销售额同比增幅扩大。消费服务领域，11 月服装、 鞋类 CPI 同比增幅扩大，中药材价格上涨。11 月 CPI 同比增幅扩大，PPI 降幅 略有扩大，"反内卷"政策持续推动供给出清。推荐景气较高或有改善的有色、 建材、工程机械、中药、纺织服饰、造纸、存储器、集成电路等。 ❑【本周关注】11 月 CPI 同比增幅扩大，PPI 降幅略有扩大，"反内卷"政策持续 推动供给出清，PPI 回暖趋势不变。细分项目中：1）受极端天气与季节性供应收 缩驱动，鲜菜鲜果价格同比转正，为 CPI 回暖贡献主要增量，粮食、奶类、酒类、 畜肉类降幅均有不同程度收窄；2）受换季需求提振，服装鞋帽价格改善，旅游、 教育、交通工具等出行消 ...

—2025 年 11 月通胀数据点评 频率：每月 ❑ 风险提示：国内政策效果不及预期。 点评报告 证券研究报告 | 宏观点评报告 2025 年 12 月 10 日 通胀回升趋势不改 相关报告 1、《新质生产力相关产品出口 增速表现强劲—2025 年 11 月进 出口数据点评》2025-12-09 2、《明年政策积极程度将有所 变化—中央政治局会议解读》 2025-12-08 3、《固定资产投资增速或仍偏 弱 — — 宏 观 经 济 预 测 报 告 （2025 年 11 月）》2025-12-06 张静静 S1090522050003 zhangjingjing@cmschina.com.cn 赵兴举 研究助理 zhaoxingju@cmschina.com.cn 敬请阅读末页的重要说明 ❑ CPI：11 月 CPI 环比-0.1%，同比+0.7%，CPI 同比大幅上涨主要由食品项贡 献，对 CPI 同比的影响由上月-0.54%转为+0.04%。结构上来看，1）寒潮、 降雨等天气因素导致蔬菜、鲜果市场供应偏紧，叠加运输及保鲜费用等系列成 本增加，共同推动 11 月鲜菜、鲜果价格上涨，叠加去年低基数因素，价格同 ...

Core Viewpoint - The CPI rebound in November is primarily influenced by structural factors, and after excluding these disturbances, both CPI and PPI remain weak [2][8][71] CPI Analysis - In November, the CPI increased by 0.5 percentage points month-on-month to 0.7%, driven by a low base and reduced supply in certain categories, particularly food [2][71] - Food prices showed a significant increase, with fresh vegetables and fruits rising by 21.8% and 2.7% year-on-year, respectively [2][71] - The pork price, heavily impacted by anti-involution trends, remained low, with a year-on-year CPI of -15% [2][71] Core CPI Insights - The core CPI remained stable at 1.2%, with core goods CPI at 1.6%, largely supported by high gold prices, which increased by 52.2% year-on-year [2][72] - Excluding gold jewelry, the remaining core goods CPI fell by 0.1 percentage points to 0.4%, attributed to weakened demand for related products due to subsidy reductions [2][72] Service CPI Trends - The overall service CPI decreased by 0.1 percentage points to 0.7%, with a notable decline in housing rent CPI due to weak rental demand among youth [3][25][62] - The core service CPI also showed a decline, with significant drops in prices for hotel accommodations and air tickets following the holiday season [3][25][62] PPI Overview - The PPI in November recorded a month-on-month increase of 0.1%, influenced by rising coal prices due to anti-involution trends, which increased by 9.5% [3][73] - However, the overall PPI remains under pressure from weak midstream and downstream prices, which do not fully reflect upstream price increases [3][73] Future Outlook - There is potential for further increases in commodity prices, but the impact of anti-involution on downstream prices may be slow, leading to a moderate recovery in inflation [4][41] - The CPI is expected to see a mild rebound due to low base effects and high gold prices, but constraints from subsidy reductions and rising youth unemployment may limit this rebound [4][41] Regular Tracking - The CPI in November showed a significant contribution from food items, with a month-on-month increase of 0.5 percentage points to 0.7% [5][50] - Non-food CPI categories, such as household appliances and communication tools, experienced declines [5][55] - The overall service CPI saw a marginal decline, with core service CPI performing worse than seasonal trends [5][62]

Group 1: CPI Analysis - The core CPI year-on-year remains high at 1.2%, unchanged from the previous month, marking the highest level since February 2024[7] - In November, the overall CPI increased by 0.7% year-on-year, supported by food prices and consumption subsidies[7] - Food prices rose by 0.5% month-on-month, with fresh vegetable prices increasing by 7.2% due to weather factors[8] Group 2: PPI Insights - The PPI decreased by 2.2% year-on-year in November, with a month-on-month increase of 0.1%[18] - The decline in PPI is influenced by falling international oil prices, while upstream prices for coal and non-ferrous metals have risen[18] - The "anti-involution" policy continues to impact industrial prices, with coal mining prices increasing by 4.1% month-on-month[18] Group 3: Future Outlook - The recovery of service CPI is expected to be a key variable for price stabilization in 2026, shifting focus from physical consumption[17] - The ongoing emphasis on service consumption in the "14th Five-Year Plan" and central economic work conference highlights the need for policy support[17] - Risks remain regarding the uncertainty in the real estate market and potential inadequacies in policy measures[24]

Group 1: Inflation Data Overview - In November 2025, the CPI decreased by 0.1% month-on-month but increased by 0.7% year-on-year, with core CPI rising by 1.2% year-on-year[2] - The PPI increased by 0.1% month-on-month but decreased by 2.2% year-on-year, indicating a mixed trend in producer prices[2] Group 2: CPI Analysis - The year-on-year CPI increase of 0.7% is the highest since March 2024, reflecting a 0.5 percentage point increase from October[4] - Food prices turned positive, contributing to the CPI's year-on-year growth, with fresh vegetable prices rising by 7.2% month-on-month and 14.5% year-on-year[5] - Core CPI, excluding food and energy, has remained above 1% for three consecutive months, indicating a gradual recovery in consumer spending[4] Group 3: PPI Insights - The PPI's year-on-year decline of 2.2% is slightly worse than the market expectation of -2.0%, primarily due to a high base effect from the previous year[8] - Upstream industries showed a mixed performance, with coal mining prices rising by 4.1% month-on-month, while oil and gas extraction prices fell by 2.4%[8] Group 4: Future Outlook - The report suggests that the construction of a unified national market will optimize competitive order, making policy a key variable in price movements[10] - The number of breeding sows has dropped to 39.9 million, indicating a potential tightening in pork supply in the second half of 2026, which may support higher pork prices[10]