大摩闭门会：本轮牛市，外资怎么办，十五五规划的前瞻 20250915 摘要 八月经济数据疲软，预计三四季度经济增速放缓至 4.5%左右，或将促 使新增政策出台以托底经济，但预计政策规模相对温和，可能在 5,000 亿至 1 万亿人民币之间。 十五五规划纲要预计将包含高水平开放措施，如降低关税和准入限制至 零，并计划到 2030 年将消费增加 30%至 10 万亿美元，旨在通过供给 侧改革和社保统筹改革刺激经济增长。 欧洲长线投资者对中国市场持中性配置态度，受地缘政治影响，增持意 愿不强，更关注印度和拉美市场。对冲基金则更灵活，关注交易性主题， 通过选股增加配置。 中国通胀完成度约为 40%，预计大规模再通胀拐点要到 2026 年底之后。 反内卷措施旨在修复企业 ROE，但需从需求侧发力以实现全面再通胀。 八月份数据显示居民新增存款低于季节性，非银产品存款上升，表明居 民存款向权益资产迁移初现迹象，但其持续性取决于政策趋势和盈利回 升。 美国投资人对中国市场的兴趣显著提升，主要由于中国在科技创新领域 的领先地位以及政策制定者对资本市场的呵护态度，但实际配置尚未跟 上。 名胜中国指数连续三个季度业绩符合预期，A ...

Group 1 - The effectiveness of traditional monetary policy in suppressing inflation is being challenged, with increased risks of the U.S. economy entering a re-inflation phase due to the influence on the Federal Reserve's independence [1] - The performance of the CSI Artificial Intelligence Theme Index has garnered market attention, achieving a total return of 63.28% from January 1, 2020, to September 5, 2025, with an annualized return of 15.14% [1] - The market focus is shifting from "mobile internet+" to "artificial intelligence+", indicating potential upward space despite current market activity being below historical peaks [2] Group 2 - In the land market, major real estate companies' total land acquisition reached 449.8 billion yuan from January to August 2025, a year-on-year increase of 63.48%, although still below levels from 2022 and 2023 [3] - The export growth to ASEAN and the EU has shown an upward trend, with high growth in integrated circuits and ship exports, despite a slight overall weakening in exports [3] - The banking sector is facing significant pressure on certificate of deposit supply, with weak credit issuance and reduced government bond supply, leading to low asset utilization [3]

Group 1 - The report highlights the impact of the "Federal Reserve independence shock" on the U.S. economy, emphasizing direct and indirect interference with the Fed's operations [3] - It suggests that the traditional economic tools to suppress inflation may be compromised, potentially leading to a "re-inflation" scenario in the U.S. economy [3] - The report indicates that the dollar's status as a reserve currency and the credibility of U.S. institutions may be affected, with commodity markets, especially precious metals, likely benefiting from global investment diversification trends [3] Group 2 - The report discusses the August inflation data, noting a negative CPI of -0.4% and a narrowing PPI decline of -2.9%, indicating a divergence in inflation trends [5][25] - It points out that the core CPI has shown resilience, with a continuous increase over four months, reflecting a mild recovery in domestic demand [5][25] - The report emphasizes that the negative inflation implies a passive rise in real interest rates, which may prompt the central bank to lower financing costs for the real economy [5][25] Group 3 - The report on Hangzhou Oxygen Plant (杭氧股份) indicates a steady performance in H1 2025, with revenue of 73.27 billion and a net profit of 4.79 billion, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 8.92% and 9.61% respectively [19][40] - It highlights the industrial gas segment's revenue growth of 14% and a gross margin of 21.18%, suggesting a potential bottom reversal in the industrial gas market [19][41] - The equipment segment shows promising results, with a significant increase in orders for petrochemical equipment, indicating successful overseas expansion [19][42] Group 4 - The report on Youyou Green Energy (优优绿能) emphasizes the company's focus on high-power charging modules, projecting revenues of 13.5 billion, 16.2 billion, and 19.5 billion for 2025-2027, with a net profit forecast of 2.0 billion, 3.0 billion, and 4.1 billion respectively [11][35] - It notes the strong overseas market performance, with a gross margin of 50.2% for international sales, significantly higher than domestic margins [11][33] - The report highlights the company's commitment to R&D, with a focus on product innovation and a high R&D expense ratio compared to sales and management costs [11][34] Group 5 - The report on Longxin General (隆鑫通用) indicates a robust performance in H1 2025, with revenue of 97.52 billion and a net profit of 10.74 billion, marking a year-on-year increase of 27.21% and 82.26% respectively [12][36] - It highlights the successful overseas expansion of the "Wuji" brand, with significant growth in sales and a strong marketing presence across various platforms [12][37] - The report projects an upward revision of profit forecasts for 2025-2027, estimating net profits of 19.06 billion, 23.07 billion, and 27.13 billion, reflecting the company's strong growth trajectory [12][39]

Core Viewpoint - Citigroup indicates that the appointment of a pro-reflation figure as Japan's next Prime Minister will not hinder the normalization of the Bank of Japan's monetary policy [1] Group 1: Currency Exchange Rate Expectations - Analysts, including Osamu Takashima, predict that the narrowing of the interest rate differential between the US and Japan may exert downward pressure on the USD/JPY exchange rate over time [1] - The USD/JPY exchange rate is expected to peak around 150 this summer before retreating to approximately 140 in the fourth quarter [1] - In a risk-on environment, the downward pressure on the yen is increasing, as the Fed's potential rate cuts could boost the US stock market [1] Group 2: Key Levels for USD/JPY - The current outlook suggests limited downside for the USD/JPY exchange rate, with a potential bottom around 145 [1] - The key resistance level for the USD/JPY exchange rate remains at 148 [1]

Macro and Strategy Research - The U.S. economy is experiencing a shift in the balance of risks between inflation and employment, with a potential monetary policy shift expected in September. The focus is on August's non-farm payroll and inflation data, as well as adjustments to the annual non-farm benchmark [2] - In Europe, economic expectations are improving, and stable inflation allows the European Central Bank (ECB) to maintain current policy rates. ECB President Lagarde indicated that trade negotiations are not posing significant threats to monetary policy [2] Domestic Economy - Domestic economic growth slowed in July due to extreme weather and policy expectations, characterized by strong external demand and weak internal demand. Future external demand growth is expected to be supported by a weakening U.S. demand and a reshaped long-term trade landscape [3] - The domestic policy environment emphasizes stabilizing market expectations and strengthening the domestic circulation, with structural monetary policies focusing on inclusive finance and technological innovation [3][4] Fixed Income Research - In August, the central bank injected a net liquidity of 386.5 billion yuan, maintaining low funding prices. The issuance of interest rate bonds decreased to 3 trillion yuan, with net financing increasing to 1.7 trillion yuan [6][7] - The bond market is expected to face pressure from external demand uncertainties and "anti-involution" measures, with a focus on the stability of the funding environment in September [8] Industry Research - The medical insurance payment management method was introduced in August, and the 11th batch of centralized procurement is progressing. The medical care CPI in July was 100.5, with a year-on-year increase of 0.5% [9][10] - The pharmaceutical manufacturing industry reported a cumulative revenue of 1,401.07 billion yuan from January to July, a year-on-year decrease of 1.7%, while cumulative profits fell by 2.6% [10] - The upcoming World Lung Cancer Conference (WCLC) is expected to provide opportunities for innovation in the pharmaceutical and medical device sectors, with a focus on companies benefiting from optimized procurement rules and the recovery of domestic demand [10]

Core Viewpoint - The non-ferrous metal sector experienced a significant increase of 7.16% from August 25 to August 29, ranking among the top in all primary industries [1][2]. Industry Summary Non-Ferrous Metal Sector Performance - The small metals sector rose by 12.02%, the precious metals sector increased by 7.22%, and the industrial metals sector saw a rise of 6.95% during the same period [1][2]. Copper Market Insights - As of August 29, copper prices were reported at $9,902 per ton on the London Metal Exchange (LME), reflecting a week-on-week increase of 1.08% [3]. - Domestic copper smelting plants are expected to face significant maintenance pressures in September, with a cautious optimism regarding demand during the "Golden September and Silver October" season [3]. Aluminum Market Insights - The LME aluminum price was reported at $2,619 per ton, a slight decrease of 0.11% from the previous week [4]. - The theoretical operating capacity of China's electrolytic aluminum industry reached 44.035 million tons, indicating a slight increase in supply [4][5]. Gold Market Insights - As of August 29, COMEX gold closed at $3,516.10 per ounce, marking a week-on-week increase of 2.89% [6]. - The recent actions by former President Trump to challenge the independence of the Federal Reserve may create a precedent for future presidential interventions in monetary policy, potentially boosting gold prices [6].

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Overweight" rating for the non-ferrous metals sector [1]. Core Views - The non-ferrous metals sector saw a strong performance with a weekly increase of 7.16%, ranking second among all primary industries [14]. - The optimism in the industrial metals market is driven by expectations of a demand peak in China and the anticipation of interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve [1][27]. - Gold is expected to have significant upward potential due to challenges to the independence of the Federal Reserve and declining real interest rates [4][50]. Summary by Sections Market Review - The Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.84%, with the non-ferrous metals sector outperforming by 6.32 percentage points [14]. - All sub-sectors within non-ferrous metals experienced gains, with small metals up 12.02%, new materials up 5.67%, energy metals up 2.89%, precious metals up 7.22%, and industrial metals up 6.95% [14]. Industrial Metals - **Copper**: As of August 29, LME copper closed at $9,902/ton, up 1.08% week-on-week, while SHFE copper closed at ¥79,410/ton, up 0.91% [34]. Supply is tightening due to maintenance in domestic smelting plants and a reduction in Codelco's production target [34]. - **Aluminum**: LME aluminum closed at $2,619/ton, down 0.11%, while SHFE aluminum closed at ¥20,740/ton, up 0.53% [37]. The theoretical operating capacity of China's electrolytic aluminum industry increased to 44.035 million tons [39]. - **Zinc**: LME zinc closed at $2,814/ton, up 0.30%, while SHFE zinc closed at ¥22,140/ton, down 0.61% [41]. - **Tin**: LME tin closed at $34,950/ton, up 3.26%, and SHFE tin closed at ¥278,650/ton, up 4.78% [46]. Precious Metals - **Gold**: As of August 29, COMEX gold closed at $3,516.10/oz, up 2.89%, and SHFE gold closed at ¥785.12/g, up 1.52% [50]. The report highlights the significant challenge to the Federal Reserve's independence and the potential for further declines in real interest rates, which could drive gold prices higher [4][51]. The demand for gold in China is strong, with net imports through Hong Kong expected to reach 43.923 tons by July 2025, reflecting a 126.81% increase [51].

Summary of the Conference Call for Mixue Group Company Overview - **Company**: Mixue Group - **Industry**: Tea Beverage Industry Key Points and Arguments 1. **Financial Performance**: In the first half of the year, Mixue benefited from the competitive delivery market, achieving a revenue growth of 39% and a profit growth of 44%. The strong cash inflow from operations supports long-term development [3][4][10]. 2. **Store Expansion**: The company is expected to reach nearly 40,000 stores by 2025, with potential for further expansion. The brand can open between 46,000 to 48,000 stores under a single brand [2][6][7]. 3. **Valuation**: The current valuation of Mixue is approximately 27 times earnings, with expectations of a decrease to around 25 times next year due to a projected 10% growth rate [2][5][11]. 4. **Market Environment**: The tea beverage industry is experiencing a high growth rate, with leading companies' valuations adjusting to a range of 20-25 times. Mixue's performance remains strong despite potential negative same-store sales growth next year due to high base effects [5][8]. 5. **Profitability**: Even with a modest revenue growth of 10%, profits could increase by 10%-20% due to sufficient production capacity and potential margin improvements [2][6][10]. 6. **Expansion Potential**: Mixue has not reached its expansion ceiling and can introduce new products like snacks and IP derivatives to leverage its existing store network [2][7][13]. 7. **International Expansion**: The company is accelerating its overseas expansion, successfully entering the Central Asian market and preparing to enter the Americas, supported by a strong supply chain [4][12][13]. 8. **Long-term Growth**: Mixue is expected to maintain a compound annual growth rate of at least 20% over the next three to five years, with a strong industry position and pricing power [10][11]. 9. **Market Dynamics**: The tea beverage market shows performance differentiation among brands, with Mixue and Gu Ming benefiting from centralized procurement and brand strength [4][14][17]. 10. **Future Outlook**: The company is well-positioned for future growth, with significant opportunities in untapped markets such as rural areas and tourist attractions [11][12]. Additional Important Insights - **Cost Management**: The gross margin slightly decreased by 0.3 percentage points, while the expense ratio remained stable or increased marginally [3]. - **Franchise Dynamics**: The willingness of franchisees to join and the company's collaborative value proposition with franchisees are critical for sustained growth [15][16]. - **Competitive Landscape**: Other brands in the tea beverage sector may have lower valuations but could see growth if they introduce market-demanding products [17]. - **Impact of Luckin Coffee**: The return of Luckin Coffee to the Hong Kong market may enhance its visibility and liquidity, potentially affecting the competitive landscape [18].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report highlights a significant liquidity influx into the A-share market, amounting to approximately 1.5 to 1.7 trillion RMB in the first half of 2025, driven by both institutional and retail investors [8][9] - The narrative around the market is shifting, with a focus on policy adjustments to combat deflation and improve economic conditions, particularly through measures that enhance social welfare and stimulate demand [18][19] - The report emphasizes the importance of structural reforms to address systemic overcapacity and the need for a balanced approach to economic recovery [68][77] Summary by Sections Market Liquidity - The Morgan Stanley Free Liquidity Index turned positive in June 2025, indicating improved market conditions [8] - Net inflows into the A-share market from institutional and retail investors reached 1.5 to 1.7 trillion RMB in the first half of 2025 [9] Policy and Economic Outlook - The report discusses the government's deepening understanding of deflation and the resulting policy shifts aimed at stimulating the economy [18] - It notes that the "924" policy shift and other measures are expected to foster a more favorable economic environment [19] Structural Reforms - The report stresses the necessity for structural reforms to mitigate overcapacity issues and enhance market efficiency [77] - It suggests that a market-oriented approach combined with structural reforms is essential for sustainable economic recovery [68] Emerging Industries - The report identifies significant growth potential in emerging industries, particularly in AI and robotics, with predictions of substantial market expansion by 2050 [59][63] - It highlights China's competitive advantages in AI and robotics, with a notable increase in patent applications in humanoid robots and autonomous driving technologies [53][63]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the industry investment rating is provided in the content. 2. Core View of the Report The report focuses on understanding the current low inflation and providing an outlook for inflation and the bond market in the second half of the year. It points out that the low inflation is mainly due to a negative output gap and high real interest rates, which suppress aggregate demand. Under the "anti - involution" policy, prices are expected to rise moderately at a low level in the second half of the year, with CPI and PPI showing different trends. In the bond market, the "weak recovery, low inflation" environment provides support, but there are also upward pressure on interest rates and uncertainties [1][2][3][5]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 How to Understand the Current Low Inflation? - **Negative Output Gap**: China's GDP growth rate has a gap with the potential growth rate, the youth unemployment rate is high, industrial capacity utilization is low, and CPI and PPI are running at a low level, indicating that aggregate demand is lower than aggregate supply [2][18]. - **High Real Interest Rates**: Although the central bank has been lowering the nominal interest rate, the real interest rate has risen due to extremely low inflation and GDP deflator, which inhibits aggregate demand and forms a "passive tightening" effect [3][22]. 3.2 Current Characteristics of the Inflation Market - **Widening CPI - PPI Scissors**: In July 2025, the CPI - PPI scissors reached 3.6 percentage points, reflecting problems such as poor price transmission and unbalanced economic recovery, and squeezing the profits of downstream manufacturing enterprises [4][26]. - **Core CPI Reaching a New High**: In July 2025, the core CPI reached a new high since March 2024, becoming the main support for CPI, which shows positive changes in price operation and the effectiveness of policies [4]. - **"Anti - Involution" Not Driving PPI Upward**: "Anti - involution" policies have promoted the rise of commodity futures prices, but PPI has not increased. This may be due to the difference in pricing logic between futures prices and PPI, and the problem of insufficient terminal demand [4][34]. 3.3 Outlook for Inflation and the Bond Market under "Anti - Involution" - **Inflation Outlook**: In the second half of the year, CPI is expected to rise moderately, with estimated year - on - year growth rates of 0.1% and 0.5% in the third and fourth quarters respectively, and around 0% for the whole year. PPI is expected to maintain a trend of volatile recovery with narrowing year - on - year decline, with estimated year - on - year growth rates of - 2.7% and - 1.5% in the third and fourth quarters respectively, and around - 2% for the whole year, with a low possibility of turning positive within the year [5][41][51]. - **Bond Market Outlook**: In the "weak recovery, low inflation" environment, the bond market is supported by the fundamental logic and the central bank's monetary easing. However, the warming of the equity market and the "anti - involution" and "expanding domestic demand" policies may bring upward pressure on the interest rate center. The impact of the "anti - involution" policy on the bond market depends on whether the price increase expectation can be supported by real demand [6][57].