策略研究 | 证券研究报告 — 总量深度 2025 年 9 月 26 日 策略深度 这是一轮混合牛 本轮牛市仍有望实现慢牛、长牛，结构上类似 2013-2014 年叠加 2016-2017 年，组成先结构牛、后全面牛的混合牛。 中银国际证券股份有限公司 具备证券投资咨询业务资格 策略研究 证券分析师：王君 (8610)66229061 jun.wang@bocichina.com 证券投资咨询业务证书编号：S1300519060003 证券分析师：徐亚 （8621）20328506 ya.xu@bocichina.com 证券投资咨询业务证书编号：S1300521070003 A 股历史牛市回顾。2001 至 2025 年，A 股历史上典型意义上的牛市共计 六轮，前五轮牛市类型各不相同，有全面牛亦有结构牛，驱动逻辑上估 值扩张是共性要素，但盈利驱动方面并不一致，第一轮和第二轮牛市的 宏观背景是经济及全 A 盈利显著提升，而第三轮牛市背后的宏观经济及 A 股盈利则处于承压状态，第四、五轮牛市更多呈现结构性景气。 从资金视角对比前五轮牛市。从增量资金的入市节奏视角，每一轮牛市 都有显著的增量资金，使得牛市的启动可 ...

市场对"反内卷"重视度明显上升，但对"内卷"的理解却有很大分歧；多数观点以供给侧改革的思维理 解，但差之毫厘、谬以千里；除产量调控与自律约谈外，"反内卷"也有很多"隐藏手段"。 误解"内卷内涵"："反内卷"="反过剩"？ 需求成因不同："过剩"是需求下滑、供给被动过剩，"内卷"是需求强劲领域供给主动增加。 供给侧改革 前，地产基建需求走弱，高耗能行业产能被动过剩；当下外需表现更强，但外需行业固定资产周转率下 滑至历史最低水平（2.6以下），内需行业固定资产周转率虽在下行，但仍处于历史中位数，外需行业比 内需行业更卷；外卖等服务业（非贸易部门）不存在产能过剩问题、但也在内卷。 物价表现不同："过剩"是企业因需求下滑跟随式降价，"内卷"是企业因需求强劲"降价无序竞争"。 供给 侧改革前，地产基建需求走弱，煤炭钢铁等PPI随之明显回落，相关行业制造业投资也下行；当下内卷领 域，盈利偏弱而制造业投资大幅扩张，外需领域投资增速更高（13%）。出口商品价格（同比-5%以下） 甚至低于相同商品内销价格（同比-1%~-2.5%之间），反映主动降价内卷。 供给问题不同：供给侧改革前上中游、国企供给过剩，本轮反内卷是中下游、民企 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent meeting of the Central Financial Committee emphasizes the need to "legally and reasonably govern low-price disorderly competition among enterprises" and to "promote the orderly exit of backward production capacity," indicating a clear direction for "anti-involution" policies [2][72]. Group 1: Differences in the Current "Anti-Involution" Movement - The current "anti-involution" movement is characterized by a higher stance, broader coverage, and stronger coordination, involving local governments, enterprises, and residents [3][73]. - The meeting proposed the "Five Unifications and One Opening" requirement, highlighting the importance of regional governance and the construction of a unified national market [3][73]. - The contradiction between the sharp decline in revenue growth and the rigidity of fixed costs has forced some enterprises to adopt price reduction strategies to pursue "economies of scale" [4][74]. Group 2: Negative Feedback from "Involution" - Low-price competition, a primary method of "involution," often leads to cost compression in the supply chain, with accounts payable turnover rates declining and inventory turnover rates remaining high in the "involution" industries [4][75]. - The internal cost control measures in "involution" industries have resulted in a significant decrease in sales expenses, projected at -9.7% for 2024, and a continued decline in management expenses [4][75]. - The profitability of "involution" industries remains under pressure, with a projected return on assets (ROA) of 2.9% in 2024, a significant drop from 2021 levels [5][76]. Group 3: Solutions to the "Involution" Dilemma - Addressing the "involution" dilemma requires alleviating supply-demand contradictions and promoting the orderly exit of backward production capacity while reconstructing demand expansion dynamics [6][77]. - Structural transformation can be achieved through policy guidance, industry self-discipline, and market mechanisms to promote supply innovation and upgrade [7][78]. - Accelerating the development of the service industry is crucial to address structural unemployment issues arising from the transformation process, with policies focusing on restoring supply and demand in the service sector [7][78].

Core Viewpoint - The article questions the rationale provided by Federal Reserve Governor Stephen Miran for advocating significant interest rate cuts, suggesting that if his views are accepted, it would imply that the Federal Reserve, investors, and independent economists are all incorrect [2]. Group 1: Miran's Arguments - Miran supports a reduction of interest rates from the current 4%-4.25% range to approximately 2.5%, citing the impact of Trump's policy changes, including reduced immigration, lower government borrowing, and deregulation, which he believes should lead to lower long-term rates [2][3]. - He estimates that the "neutral real long-term interest rate" has decreased by over 1 percentage point due to these policy changes, predicting a potential 10% increase in the price of 10-year TIPS if yields drop to his estimated levels [3]. Group 2: Market Implications - If Miran's assumptions hold, significant adjustments in market pricing would be necessary, leading to a weaker dollar and favorable conditions for the stock market, despite concerns about high stock prices [3]. - The combination of lower borrowing costs and a weaker dollar is expected to benefit the stock market, suggesting that it could rise even further if Miran's views are validated [3]. Group 3: Counterarguments and Economic Context - The article highlights potential downsides to Miran's proposed policy changes, such as labor shortages and rising wages due to immigration restrictions, which could increase inflation [4][5]. - It also points out that the effectiveness of deregulation is unpredictable and that Miran's reliance on the Taylor Rule may not fully account for current economic conditions, as other metrics suggest a higher recommended interest rate range [5]. - Current economic indicators, including a projected GDP growth rate exceeding 3% for Q3 and strong market performance, challenge the necessity for further rate cuts, indicating that the economic landscape is more robust than Miran suggests [6][7].

机构：三季度北京甲级写字楼市场净吸纳量创年内新高 中新社北京9月24日电 (记者 庞无忌)多元化专业服务与投资管理公司高力国际24日在北京发布的一份报 告显示，三季度北京甲级写字楼市场净吸纳量创年内新高。 报告指出，三季度北京写字楼市场去化进一步加快，净吸纳量达12.5万平方米，已连续九个季度实现去 化，季度平均去化量达到8万平方米。随着需求侧明显放量，北京写字楼市场空置率回落，环比下降近1 个百分点。 高力国际北京公司董事总经理李娟认为，在科技创新驱动的新周期中，更多优质企业选择从低效资产向 优质资产转移。本轮"科技创新周期"和"写字楼市场再平衡周期"的双周期共振，将驱动北京写字楼市场 迈入一场以质量变革和效率提升为核心的供给侧改革。(完) 来源：中国新闻网 编辑：熊思怡 从租金来看，跨板块与跨资产类别竞争强度居高不下，区域市场分化特征进一步凸显。报告指出，三季 度北京写字楼市场整体租金仍处于下行通道，净有效租金环比下降3.5%至每月每平方米227.3元人民 币。 值得注意的是，科技创新正为中关村市场带来源源不断的新增办公需求。中关村写字楼市场已连续五个 季度去化量达到历史较高水平，三季度该子市场净吸纳量再 ...

Summary of Conference Call Notes Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the chemical industry, particularly the petrochemical sector, which is facing challenges such as overcapacity and declining profitability [1][6][15]. Key Points and Arguments 1. **Government Policies**: The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) has revised the Price Law and implemented measures to address excessive investment and price competition below cost, aiming to restore fair competition [1][2][4]. 2. **Challenges in the Petrochemical Industry**: The industry is experiencing significant overcapacity, with production capacity increasing by over 50% from 2020 to 2024, yet overall output value has not increased, leading to declining profitability [6][15]. 3. **Investment Opportunities**: The chemical industry is currently undervalued, with low price-to-book (PB) ratios and low holding ratios, presenting a good investment opportunity. The prices of chemical products are elastic and can transmit inflation, making it a favorable time to invest [2][16]. 4. **Focus on Specific Sub-industries**: Attention should be given to sub-industries with high loss levels, old equipment ratios, and high energy consumption, such as spandex, titanium dioxide, organic silicon, nylon, coal chemical, and soda ash [17][18]. 5. **Regulatory Changes**: The revised Price Law emphasizes cost monitoring to combat disorderly price competition, including low-cost dumping, and aims to transition to a more market-oriented pricing mechanism [7][15]. 6. **Environmental Regulations**: New policies, such as the Fixed Asset Investment Energy Saving Review and Carbon Emission Evaluation Measures, aim to control new capacity and promote the orderly exit of outdated production capacity [8][10][11]. 7. **Supply-side Reform**: The current policies reflect lessons learned from previous supply-side reforms, focusing on eliminating outdated capacity and ensuring compliance with national standards [19][20]. Additional Important Content - **Market Dynamics**: The chemical industry is characterized by low valuations and significant potential for recovery, with the government promoting a unified national market to stabilize growth [2][20]. - **Future Trends**: The industry is expected to enter a new upward cycle, driven by government policies aimed at stabilizing growth and addressing overcapacity issues [20]. - **Investment Strategy**: Investors are encouraged to focus on leading companies in high-loss sub-industries that meet specific criteria, as these companies are likely to benefit from the current policy environment [18][20].

基本面为锚，关注预期驱动 曹璐 资深分析师(化工) 从业资格号：F3013434 投资咨询号：Z0013049 行情回顾 曹璐 化工资深分析师；从业资格号：F3013434；投资咨询号：Z0013049 u 7月份开始，玻璃盘面一度大幅拉涨。"反内卷"引发了市场对玻璃行业落后产能淘汰的猜测，商品市场多 头情绪高涨，玻璃期价表现强势。 u 7月下旬至8月底，随着"反内卷"交易情绪告一段落， "供给侧改革"预期落空，基本面压力下，玻璃盘 面大幅下挫，基本跌回本轮上涨起点。 u 9月以来，玻璃走势再度偏强，在此期间宏观和基本面均较为利多玻璃：一方面反内卷交易仍时有扰动；另 一方面，地产基本面持续走弱，政策存在继续加码预期。此外金九银十旺季背景下，玻璃终端需求存在边 际改善预期。但随着盘面升水现货幅度扩大，加上市场多头情绪降温，9月下半月以来，盘面再度有所回调。 基本面分析——供给端 玻璃期现货价格 全国各主要区域浮法玻璃市场价 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 24/01 24/03 24/05 24/07 24/09 24/11 ...

今日（9月24日）揽尽有色金属行业龙头的有色龙头ETF（159876）场内价格盘中涨逾1.5%，现涨 1.3%，拉长时间来看，该ETF自本轮低点（4月8日）以来，累计上涨52.82%，大幅跑赢沪指 （23.42%）、沪深300（25.92%）等主要宽基指数。 成份股方面，华钰矿业涨超7%，海亮股份、有研新材涨逾6%，华钰钴业、西藏矿业等个股跟涨。 数据来源：中证指数公司、沪深交易所等，统计区间： 2025.4.8-2025.9.23 。注：中证有色金属指数近 5 个完整年度的涨跌幅为： 2020 年， 35.84% ； 2021 年， 35.89% ； 2022 年， -19.22% ； 2023 年， -10.43% ； 2024 年， 2.96% 。指数成份股构成根据该指数编制规则适时调整，其回测历史业绩不预示指数未来表 现。 有色金属本轮走出了一轮强劲的多头行情，其背后是多重利好因素的共同推动： 1、美联储降息推高有色金属价格：①美联储降息相当于放水，货币贬值，投资者倾向持有更保值的实 物资产；②大多数有色金属，在国际市场上是以美元计价，美联储降息带动美元贬值，美元计价的金属 相对更便宜，进一步增加全球 ...

Investment Rating - The report gives an "Overweight" rating for the chemical industry [1] Core Viewpoints - The supply side is expected to undergo structural optimization, with a focus on selecting elastic and advantageous sectors. Domestic policies frequently emphasize supply-side requirements, while rising raw material costs and capacity exits in Europe and the U.S. have impacted overseas chemical companies. In the long term, China's chemical industry has a clear competitive advantage, with significant cost benefits and technological advancements, allowing Chinese companies to fill gaps in the international supply chain [6][16] Summary by Sections 1. Industry News and Event Commentary - Prices of third-generation refrigerants continue to rise, indicating a high level of industry prosperity. The supply of refrigerants is constrained by quotas, and increased downstream demand has significantly optimized the supply-demand balance. Prices for R32, R134a, and R125 have increased by 44.19%, 22.35%, and 8.33% respectively this year. Major refrigerant producers have seen substantial profit growth, with companies like Juhua Co., Sanmei Co., and Yonghe Co. reporting net profit increases of 145.84%, 159.22%, and 140.82% year-on-year in the first half of 2025 [15][8] 2. Chemical Sector Weekly Performance - For the week of September 15-21, 2025, the CSI 300 index fell by 0.44%, while the Shenwan Chemical Index dropped by 1.33%, underperforming the market by 0.89 percentage points. The Shenwan Oil and Petrochemical Index decreased by 1.99%, also underperforming the market [18][21] 3. Key Product Price Trends - The top price increases for the week included butyl acrylate (3.86%), bisphenol A (3.75%), and phenol (3.31%). Conversely, the largest price declines were seen in nitric acid (-3.11%), liquid ammonia (-2.71%), and caustic soda (-2.44%) [29][31]

Investment Rating - The industry rating is "Outperform the Market" [8][75] Core Viewpoints - The real estate development investment in China from January to August reached 6 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 12.9%, indicating a significant decline in the sector [3] - The new construction area of residential buildings decreased by 19.5% year-on-year, while the completion area fell by 17.0% [3] - The average price of bulk P.O 42.5 cement nationwide is 344.5 yuan/ton, showing a slight increase of 0.9% week-on-week but a decrease of 9.0% year-on-year [4][14] - The report highlights that the supply-side reform in the building materials sector is expected to reach a turning point, with a recovery in housing purchase willingness due to declining interest rates and supportive policies [6][20] - The report anticipates that the real estate market will stabilize, driven by policies aimed at boosting housing consumption and improving purchasing power [3][6] Summary by Sections High-frequency Data - As of September 19, 2025, the average price of P.O 42.5 cement is 344.5 yuan/ton, with regional prices varying [4][14] - The glass (5.00mm) ex-factory price is 1165.7 yuan/ton, reflecting a year-on-year decline of 3.0% [21][24] Sector Review - The Shanghai Composite Index fell by 1.3%, while the building materials index rose by 0.43% [5][59] - Sub-sectors such as refractory materials and fiberglass manufacturing showed positive growth, while cement manufacturing and glass manufacturing experienced declines [5][59] Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on three main lines for investment: high-quality companies benefiting from stock renovation, undervalued stocks with long-term alpha attributes, and leading cyclical building materials companies [6]