Economic Indicators - In Q1 2025, China's current account surplus reached $165.6 billion, with a goods trade surplus of $237.6 billion and a services trade deficit of $59.3 billion [1] - Japan's national debt has hit a record high for the ninth consecutive year, totaling ¥132.37155 trillion [3] Trade Policies - U.S. Commerce Secretary stated that tariff negotiations with Japan and South Korea are complex and unlikely to reach an agreement in the short term, with a baseline tariff of at least 10% unless partner countries open their economies [1] - U.S. trade advisor emphasized that the EU is a priority in tariff negotiations due to a significant trade deficit, with the EU's VAT system being a focal point [1] Central Bank Perspectives - European Central Bank's Rehn suggested considering interest rate cuts if economic growth slows and inflation decreases due to uncertainties from U.S. tariffs [2] - New York Fed President Williams noted that U.S. trade policies increase economic downside risks, stressing the importance of maintaining stable inflation expectations [1][2] Market Performance - Dow Jones Industrial Average fell by 0.29% to 41,249.38 points, while S&P 500 decreased by 0.07% to 5,659.91 points [4] - COMEX gold futures rose by 0.70% to $3,329.10 per ounce, and silver futures increased by 0.81% to $32.88 per ounce [4] Commodity Prices - U.S. crude oil main contract rose by 1.92% to $61.06 per barrel, while Brent crude oil main contract increased by 1.65% to $63.88 per barrel [5] Bond Market - 2-year U.S. Treasury yield increased by 0.87 basis points to 3.889%, while 10-year yield decreased by 0.98 basis points to 4.382% [6]

与此同时，华尔街机构对今年降息幅度的预测从0到125个基点不等，凸显政策路径的不确定性。多家顶 级投行经济学家预计，今年要么降息两次，要么降息三次，从7月或9月开始。 智通财经APP获悉，美联储主席鲍威尔的最新表态彻底浇灭了债券交易员的降息热情。随着央行明确表 示不急于启动宽松周期，投资者正重新评估利率政策前景。 上周鲍威尔重申央行将保持观望立场后，交易员迅速调整头寸，将2025年降息幅度预期下调至不足75个 基点，并将第一次降息时点推迟至7月。 这一预期能否维持将取决于未来数周美国经济与通胀走势。上周末的中美贸易谈判细节及周二即将公布 的CPI数据都可能引发市场再度转向。鲍威尔警告称，在政策制定者寻求厘清关税政策影响之际，特朗 普大规模加征关税正同时推高通胀与失业风险。 "债券市场正在接受这样一个事实，即通胀将高于最初的预期，这对于投资者认为美联储会介入并降息 的观点来说，是一个复杂因素，"PGIM固定收益联席首席投资官Greg Peters表示。他所在机构管理着超 过8500亿美元资产。 期权市场涌现大量对冲头寸，押注美联储今年可能按兵不动，甚至有仓位开始预期2025年全年不会降 息。相比之下，在最新非农 ...

证券研究报告·宏观报告·宏观周报 海外周报 20250511 美国 4 月 CPI 前瞻：开始验收关税冲击幅度 2025 年 05 月 11 日 ◼ 海外政治：美英贸易磋商取得阶段性成果，中美高层接触释放缓和信号。 英国和美国于本周四（5 月 8 日）宣布一项降低部分商品关税的协议。 虽然特朗普此前宣布的对世界各国进口产品征收 10%的关税仍然有效， 并且仍然适用于进入美国的大多数英国商品，但该协议降低或取消了英 国部分出口产品的关税，包括汽车、钢铁和铝。特朗普在社交媒体平台 将此协议定性为"公平、开放、互惠"的贸易安排，并借机宣示其贸易 谈判策略的成效。白宫国家经济委员会主任凯文·哈塞特亦同步透露， 另有二十余项贸易协议正处于谈判收尾阶段。需注意的是，美英贸易谈 判的特殊性限制了其外推价值：其一，美国对英贸易长期保持顺差，特 朗普政府核心关切的贸易失衡问题在此次谈判中并非核心议题；其二， 协议内容仅针对特定商品条款展开，而非如英印自贸协定般构建全面经 贸框架。因此，美英谈判进展或难以直接映射美国与其他经济体的谈判 逻辑。在中美关系方面，双方高层于 5 月 11 日在瑞士日内瓦举行近 8 小时的实质性磋商，系 ...

周度报告-黄金 贸易问题短期缓和，黄金冲高回落 | [走Ta势bl评e_级Ra：nk] | | | 黄金：看跌 | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 报告日期： | 2025 | 年 | 5 月 | 11 | 日 | [★Ta市bl场e_综Su述mm：ary] 伦敦金反弹 2.6%至 3325 美元/盎司。10 年期美债收益率 4.38%，通 胀预期 2.31%，实际利率微升至 2.06%，美元指数涨 0.31%至 100.3， 标普 500 指数跌 0.47%，离岸人民币小跌，沪金维持较高溢价。 贵 金 属 金价波动增加，关税问题仍然是市场交易核心所在，特朗普表示将 对美国以外生产的电影加征 100%关税，叠加地缘军事冲突升温，国 内资金节后抄底增加，推动黄金再度突破 3400 美元/盎司。但随后 美联储 5 月利率会议按兵不动表态偏鹰，以及英国和美国达成贸 易协议，黄金高位回落，日内波动幅度加大。中美高层瑞士举行 会谈，此前的关税无法正常贸易，因而双方均有降低关税到能贸 易的水平的意愿，关税问题边际上存在改善空间，短期对黄金不 利，但中长期维度贸易不会 ...

周度报告-外汇期货 d[Table_Title] 美联储鹰派利率会议，美元反弹 | 走势评级: | | --- | [★Ta本bl周e_全Su球mm市a场ry]概述 市场风险偏好微升，股市多数上涨，债券收益率多数上行，美 债收益率升至 4.38%。美元指数涨 0.31%至 100.3，非美货币涨跌 互现，离岸人民币跌 0.38%，欧元跌 0.42%，英镑涨 0.27%，日 元跌 0.28%，瑞郎跌 0.52%，比索、兰特、泰铢收涨，韩元涨 2.5%，澳元、加元、新西兰元、林吉特收跌。金价反弹 2.6%至 3325 美元/盎司，VIX 指数回落至 21.9，现货商品指数收跌，布 油反弹 4%至 63.8 美元/桶。 外 ★市场交易逻辑 汇 期 货 中美高层在瑞士举行会谈，针对关税进行谈判，美国与英国达 成协议，由于美国对英国为顺差国，因而谈判较为容易，具体 协议细节还未公布，但市场对于关税缓和的预期增加，推动市 场风险偏好回升。美联储 5 月利率会议按兵不动，符合市场预 期，会议声明中强调关税增加了失业率和通胀的上行风险，但 影响程度具有较大的不确定性，美联储选择继续观察关税最终 的规模、幅度和时间长度，以及对 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. Treasury Secretary Bessent warned that unconventional measures to avoid a debt default may run out as early as August, urging Congress to act before the mid-July recess to raise or suspend the debt ceiling to protect the government's credit rating and repayment ability [1] - The U.S. government reached its statutory debt limit of $36.1 trillion in early January and has since implemented a series of unconventional measures to manage cash flow, which are now nearly exhausted as of April 30 [1] - The cash flow situation of the federal government is more severe than expected, emphasizing the urgency for Congress to address the debt ceiling issue to prevent a catastrophic debt crisis in August [1] Group 2 - The U.S. government's decision to escalate the global tariff war, particularly the 145% tariff on China, has led to significant cost increases across various sectors, ultimately impacting American consumers [2][3] - The implementation of the new tariffs has resulted in price surges for products such as bicycle parts, baby products, and automotive repairs, with some items seeing price increases of $50 to $300 [4][5] - The automotive aftermarket is projected to see a 20%-30% increase in the price of imported parts, with specific examples showing substantial cost hikes for repairs [6] Group 3 - There is growing opposition to the tariff policies among Trump's traditional supporter base, particularly among younger consumers aged 18-35, who report significant price increases for fast fashion and electronics [7] - Financial institutions are beginning to question the efficacy of Trump's tariff policies, with reports indicating that some investors are withdrawing from the U.S. market and reallocating funds to Asia and Europe [8][9] - The uncertainty surrounding U.S. policies and potential economic recession risks has prompted family offices and investment advisors to adjust their strategies, reducing exposure to U.S. equities and bonds [9]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the defense of the Federal Reserve's independence amidst criticism from President Trump, highlighting the importance of maintaining stable inflation and economic policies [1][5]. Group 1: Defense of Federal Reserve Independence - Federal Reserve Governor Waller stated that the structure of the Federal Reserve Board has "withstood the test of time" and should be preserved, as it is likely to produce better policy outcomes such as lower inflation and reduced economic volatility [2][4]. - The Federal Reserve Board consists of seven members who cannot be dismissed for policy disagreements, ensuring a degree of independence from political pressures [2]. Group 2: Recent Policy Signals from Federal Reserve Officials - New York Fed President Williams emphasized that stabilizing inflation expectations is a cornerstone of the Federal Reserve's policy, asserting that maintaining price stability is their responsibility [5][6]. - Williams also indicated that discussions about "preventive rate cuts" are "untimely" given the current economic uncertainties, predicting that U.S. economic growth will be "significantly lower" in 2025 compared to 2024 [6]. - Fed Vice Chair Barr warned that U.S. trade policies could lead to sustained inflationary pressures and higher unemployment rates [6]. Group 3: Criticism from Potential Future Fed Chair - Kevin Warsh, a potential candidate for the next Federal Reserve Chair, criticized the Fed for not controlling inflation stemming from tariffs, suggesting that the Fed should take responsibility if it fails to prevent price increases from becoming persistent inflation [7][8]. - Warsh argued that public confidence in the central bank's ability to achieve price stability is a prerequisite for actual price stability [8].

美联储高官集体泼冷水，"按兵不动"成主流。 当地时间周五，在美联储公布最新利率决议两天后，超过一半的美联储政策制定者公开发表讲话，没有 一位暗示美联储即将降息。 克利夫兰联储主席Beth Hammack在斯坦福大学胡佛研究所的会议上表示： "我通常倾向于采取行动；但在这种情况下，不采取行动可能是平衡进一步上升的通胀和劳 动力市场放缓风险的最佳选择。" Hammack强调，官员们需要更多时间来评估关税和其他政府政策的影响。"当难以获得清晰度时，等待 额外数据将有助于为未来路径提供信息，"她说。她在接受路透社采访时补充说，政策制定者在6月下次 会议前不会有太多新的经济数据。 多位美联储官员强调通胀预期 多位美联储官员，包括美联储理事Adriana Kugler、Lisa Cook以及Hammack和纽约联储主席John Williams，都强调了控制通胀预期的重要性。 Williams特别强调这一主题，称锚定通胀预期是"现代中央银行的基石"。 圣路易斯联储主席Alberto Musalem表示，如果关税对通胀的影响是短暂的，通胀预期保持锚定，且经 济活动明显放缓，降低利率可能是适当的。 "否则，我将专注于确保关税 ...

美国圣路易联储主席Musalem（2025年FOMC票委）：必须确保关税不会导致持续的通货膨胀。 或许可以容忍更高的通胀率，以降低就业成本。 贸易降级可能使经济重回正轨。 目前的货币政策具有温和限制性，并且是适当的。 如果通胀预期面临不受锚定的威胁，通胀将是最高优先事项。 ...

被视为下一任美联储主席热门人选的前美联储理事凯文.沃什警告称，如果美联储无法防止因关税引发 的物价上涨演变为持续性通胀，那么责任应由央行承担，其信誉也将受到严重挑战。 沃什在斯坦福大学的一场活动上表示："如果中央银行声称外部因素导致物价水平上升，并由此驱动通 胀结果，那某种程度上是在承认自身失职。"他进一步指出："这其实是在说，美联储缺乏足够的公信力 去阻止通胀发生。" 随着特朗普推动新一轮关税政策，经济学家普遍预期关税将推高商品价格，并可能拖慢经济增长速度。 对此，美联储主席鲍威尔以及多位官员已多次表达担忧，认为关税带来的不确定性可能引发通胀和失业 的双重风险。 回顾近年来的通胀演变，美国通胀在2021年迅速攀升，当时正值新冠疫情冲击全球供应链，企业在需求 激增中难以应对，物价节节攀升。美联储当时曾判断通胀是"暂时性的"，这一判断后来被证明过于乐 观。随后在2022年和2023年，美联储大幅加息以遏制通胀。 目前美联储所偏好的通胀指标，核心个人消费支出物价指数(PCE)自2022年高点超过7%之后大幅回落， 但仍未回归其2%的长期目标。 政策制定者强调，他们的关键任务是引导和稳定公众的通胀预期，防止因关税造 ...