Core Viewpoint - The article highlights that the U.S. employment indicators are stabilizing at low levels, with various metrics showing signs of steadiness in the labor market [2]. Group 1: Recent Economic Data and Events - Multiple economic data points from the U.S. exceeded expectations, including Q3 GDP growth rate, personal consumption, industrial output growth for November, and the Richmond Fed manufacturing index for December. However, consumer confidence and durable goods orders growth fell short of expectations [4][18]. - In the Eurozone, Spain's November PPI decreased compared to the previous value, while Italy's November PPI increased [5][18]. - Japan's inflation and industrial output were below expectations [5][18]. Group 2: Upcoming Economic Data and Events - Key upcoming economic indicators to watch include the Eurozone manufacturing PMI for December, scheduled for release on January 2, and the S&P Global U.S. manufacturing PMI for December, also set for January 2 [6][20]. Group 3: Weekly Economic Activity Index - The U.S. economic activity index showed a slight rebound, with the WEI index at 2.32% for the week ending December 20, compared to 2.31% the previous week [7][22]. - Germany's economic activity index also trended upward, reaching 0.14% for the week ending December 21 [7][22]. Group 4: Demand - U.S. retail sales growth, as measured by the Redbook index, increased year-on-year to 7.2% for the week ending December 19, up from 6.2% the previous week [8][28]. - Mortgage rates in the U.S. remained stable, with a slight decline in mortgage applications [9][30]. Group 5: Employment - The ADP weekly employment figures showed stabilization at low levels, with approximately 46,000 new jobs added in the four weeks ending December 9, down from 70,000 the previous week [9][35]. - Initial jobless claims fell to 214,000 for the week ending December 20, better than expected, while continuing claims rose to 1.923 million, exceeding expectations [10][38]. - The number of job vacancies remained stable, with the Indeed job vacancy index at 104.66 as of December 12, a slight decrease of 0.2% from the previous week [11][41]. Group 6: Prices - Commodity prices rebounded, with the RJ/CRB commodity price index increasing by 1.8% week-on-week as of December 26, following a decline of 1.1% the previous week [12][46]. - U.S. gasoline prices continued to decline, averaging $2.72 per gallon for the week ending December 22, down 1.9% from the previous week [12][46]. Group 7: Financial Conditions - Financial conditions in the Eurozone improved, while U.S. financial conditions remained stable at high levels [13][49]. - Offshore dollar liquidity showed slight easing, with the three-month swap basis for the yen against the dollar at -24.1 pips, improving from -25.8 pips the previous week [13][51]. - The spread-to-worst for high-yield dollar corporate bonds remained stable at 265.3 basis points as of December 26 [13][54]. - U.S. and Japanese long-term government bond spreads remained stable, with the 10-year U.S.-Japan bond spread at 214.1 basis points [13][57]. Group 8: Fiscal - As of December 24, cumulative federal spending in the U.S. for the year was approximately $7.66 trillion, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 5.9% [15][62].

华福证券 2025 年 12 月 28 日 3-5Y 中高等级利差收敛 二永债收益率大致平稳 —— 信用利差周度跟踪 20251228 投资要点： ➢ 利率债窄幅震荡短端偏强，3-5Y 中高等级信用利差收敛。本周利率债 继续震荡，中短端表现偏强，1Y 期国开债收益率较上周下行 4BP，3Y、5Y 和 7Y 期下行 1BP，10Y 期上行 2BP。信用债表现分化，3Y 和 5Y 期品种 多数跟随利率下行，中高等级品种表现略强。1Y 期 AA+及以上等级收益率 持平，AA 和 AA-级收益率上行 1BP；3Y 期 AA+及以上等级信用债收益率 下行 1-3BP，其余等级持平；5Y 期各等级信用债收益率下行 3-4BP；7Y、 10Y 期 AAA 信用债收益率下行 1-2BP，其余等级上行 2-3BP。信用利差同 样分化，1Y 期各等级信用利差上行 4-5BP；3Y 期 AA+及以上等级信用利 差下行 1-3BP，其余持平；5Y 期各等级信用债利差下行 2-3BP；7Y 期 AAA 级信用利差持平，其余等级上行 3BP；10Y 期 AAA 等级信用利差下行 4BP， 其余等级上行 0-1BP。 ➢ 本周城投债利差多 ...

Group 1: Primary Market - In the week from December 22 to December 26, 2025, a total of 267 credit bonds were issued, with a total issuance scale of 427.70 billion, representing a week-on-week increase of 15.42% [4] - Among the issued bonds, industrial bonds accounted for 117 issues with a scale of 219.26 billion, a week-on-week increase of 34.26%, making up 51.26% of the total issuance [4] - City investment bonds totaled 110 issues with a scale of 71.36 billion, a week-on-week decrease of 18.87%, representing 16.69% of the total issuance [4] - Financial bonds had 40 issues with a scale of 137.08 billion, a week-on-week increase of 14.92%, accounting for 32.05% of the total issuance [4] - The average issuance term for credit bonds was 2.74 years, with industrial bonds averaging 2.36 years, city investment bonds 3.25 years, and financial bonds 2.35 years [4] - The overall average coupon rate for credit bonds was 2.26%, with industrial bonds at 2.12%, city investment bonds at 2.41%, and financial bonds at 2.23% [4] Group 2: Secondary Market - The total trading volume of credit bonds was 1782.75 billion, reflecting a week-on-week increase of 28.47% [7] - The top three categories by trading volume were commercial bank bonds, corporate bonds, and medium-term notes, with commercial bank bonds at 630.89 billion (up 38.88%), corporate bonds at 521.31 billion (up 15.93%), and medium-term notes at 347.64 billion (up 40.63%) [7] - In terms of credit spreads, the largest increase for AAA-rated industries was in pharmaceuticals, up 5.1 basis points, while the largest decrease was in real estate, down 1.3 basis points [6] - For AA+ rated industries, the largest increase was in household appliances, up 6.4 basis points, and the largest decrease was in textiles and apparel, down 9.8 basis points [6] - The AAA-rated credit spread increased the most in Gansu, up 8.7 basis points, while the largest decrease was in Jilin, down 2.9 basis points [6]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core View of the Report - From December 22 to December 26, 2025, the issuance volume of credit bonds increased month - on - month, and the credit spreads of various industries showed mixed trends [1] 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Primary Market 3.1.1 Issuance Statistics - During the week from December 22 to December 26, 2025, 267 credit bonds were issued, with a total issuance scale of 427.702 billion yuan, a month - on - month increase of 15.42%. Among them, 117 industrial bonds were issued, with a scale of 219.258 billion yuan (a 34.26% month - on - month increase, accounting for 51.26% of the total); 110 urban investment bonds were issued, with a scale of 71.364 billion yuan (an 18.87% month - on - month decrease, accounting for 16.69% of the total); 40 financial bonds were issued, with a scale of 137.08 billion yuan (a 14.92% month - on - month increase, accounting for 32.05% of the total) [1][11] - The average issuance term of credit bonds this week was 2.74 years. The average issuance term of industrial bonds was 2.36 years, urban investment bonds was 3.25 years, and financial bonds was 2.35 years [1][14] - The average issuance coupon rate of credit bonds this week was 2.26%. The average issuance coupon rate of industrial bonds was 2.12%, urban investment bonds was 2.41%, and financial bonds was 2.23% [2][19] 3.1.2 Cancellation of Issuance Statistics - Five credit bonds were cancelled for issuance this week [2][23] 3.2 Secondary Market 3.2.1 Credit Spread Tracking - By industry, in the Shenwan primary industries, the largest upward movement of the AAA - rated industry credit spread was in the pharmaceutical and biological industry (up 5.1BP), and the largest downward movement was in the real estate industry (down 1.3BP); the largest upward movement of the AA + - rated industry credit spread was in the household appliances industry (up 6.4BP), and the largest downward movement was in the textile and clothing industry (down 9.8BP); the largest upward movement of the AA - rated industry credit spread was in the building materials industry (up 11BP), and the largest downward movement was in the commercial trade industry (down 1BP) [3] - By region for urban investment bonds, this week, the largest upward movement of the AAA - rated credit spread was in Gansu (up 8.7BP), and the largest downward movement was in Jilin (down 2.9BP); the largest upward movement of the AA + - rated credit spread was in Liaoning (up 6.7BP), and the largest downward movement was in Fujian (down 3.2BP); the largest upward movement of the AA - rated credit spread was in Jiangxi (up 4.5BP), and the largest downward movement was in Anhui (down 3.3BP) [3] 3.2.2 Trading Volume Statistics - The total trading volume of credit bonds was 1.782747 trillion yuan, a month - on - month increase of 28.47%. The top three in terms of trading volume were commercial bank bonds, corporate bonds, and medium - term notes. Specifically, the trading volume of commercial bank bonds was 630.894 billion yuan (a 38.88% month - on - month increase, accounting for 35.39% of the total); the trading volume of corporate bonds was 521.309 billion yuan (a 15.93% month - on - month increase, accounting for 29.24% of the total); the trading volume of medium - term notes was 347.636 billion yuan (a 40.63% month - on - month increase, accounting for 19.50% of the total) [4][28] 3.2.3 Actively Traded Bonds This Week - According to DM client data, the top 20 urban investment bonds, industrial bonds, and financial bonds in terms of trading volume this week are provided for investors' reference [30]

Group 1 - The report indicates that credit spreads have generally widened, with a focus on prioritizing mid-to-short-term coupon assets for investment [1][10] - The current yield for 1-year products is in the range of 1.72%-1.80%, with spreads below the central level since 2024 by 13-19 basis points [2][24] - For 2-3 year products, yields are between 1.83%-2.10%, and spreads are in the range of 19-42 basis points, with a recommendation to prioritize mid-to-short-term coupon assets due to high demand from funds and wealth management [2][25] Group 2 - The report notes that the 4-5 year products have yields ranging from 2.0%-2.35% and spreads between 26-55 basis points, with a marginal recovery in coupon configuration value [3][26] - For products over 5 years, yields are between 2.23%-2.76% with spreads from 24-64 basis points, indicating a need for cautious trading participation due to market volatility [3][26] - The report highlights that the overall sentiment in the bond market remains cautious, with credit spreads showing weak compression momentum [6][24] Group 3 - Key policies include the Shenzhen Municipal Financial Office emphasizing the prevention and resolution of financial risks, and the second meeting of bondholders for "22 Vanke MTN004" [4][28] - The report mentions that nearly 70% of bond-issuing entities in Henan have completed the repayment of hidden debts, indicating significant progress in debt resolution and market transformation [4][28] - The report also notes the first appearance of Guizhou's municipal state-owned enterprise in the capital market, marking a significant event in the current round of debt resolution [4][28]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - This week, the credit spreads of the AAA electrical equipment industry compressed significantly compared to last week, while the credit spreads of other industries and ratings widened to varying degrees. For urban investment bonds, the credit spreads of those with a maturity over 10 years compressed slightly by 1BP, while the spreads of other maturities widened by 3BP. For industrial bonds, most of the industrial credit spreads continued to widen, with the short - end widening more significantly than the long - end. For bank capital bonds, the short - end spreads of bank Tier 2 and perpetual bonds within 1 year widened slightly, while the long - end spreads over 10 years compressed slightly [3][4][30]. - In 2026, for urban investment bonds, short - duration (within 2Y) sinking urban investment bonds can be used as a base position, and high - quality urban investment entities with a moderately extended duration (3 - 5Y) can be selected. For industrial bonds, high - quality central and state - owned enterprise industrial bonds can be used as a base position with an extended duration, and attention should be paid to industries with marginal improvements. For Tier 2 and perpetual bonds, trading opportunities of those with good liquidity (preferably 3 - 5Y AAA -) should be grasped, and attention should be paid to high - quality city commercial banks and rural commercial banks in economically developed areas and areas with advanced debt resolution progress [5][7][44]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 This Week's Credit Hot Events - On December 19th, the Shanghai Stock Exchange issued a notice allowing eligible overseas institutional investors to conduct bond repurchase business on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, providing them with standardized liquidity management tools [11]. - On December 15th, the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors launched a self - regulatory investigation into Postal Savings Bank of China for suspected violations in the underwriting and issuance of debt financing instruments [12]. - On December 15th, Guizhou Rural Commercial United Bank Co., Ltd. was approved to open. It acquired the shares of 16 rural commercial banks and 5 rural credit cooperatives, with an increased registered capital of 10.458 billion yuan and new shareholders including the Guizhou Provincial Department of Finance and China Kweichow Moutai Group Co., Ltd. [13]. 3.2 Primary Market 3.2.1 Net Financing Scale - This week, the net financing of credit bonds (excluding asset - backed securities) was 116.1 billion yuan, a decrease of 128.1 billion yuan compared to last week. The total issuance was 365.5 billion yuan, a decrease of 99.1 billion yuan, and the total repayment was 249.3 billion yuan, an increase of 29 billion yuan. The net financing of asset - backed securities was 20.9 billion yuan, a decrease of 27 billion yuan compared to last week [14]. - By product type, the net financing of urban investment bonds was 21.3 billion yuan, an increase of 500 million yuan; the net financing of industrial bonds was 70.9 billion yuan, a decrease of 44.7 billion yuan; and the net financing of financial bonds was 24 billion yuan, a decrease of 83.9 billion yuan [15]. 3.2.2 Issuance Cost - This week, the issuance rates of AA industrial bonds and urban investment bonds were adjusted to over 2.8%, while the average issuance rates of other bonds with different ratings and types were below 2.8%. Specifically, the issuance rates of AA industrial bonds and urban investment bonds increased by 45BP and 27BP respectively compared to last week, and the issuance rate of AA + financial bonds increased by 58BP [17]. 3.3 Secondary Market 3.3.1 Transaction Situation - In terms of trading volume, the trading volume of credit bonds (excluding asset - backed securities) decreased by 44.3 billion yuan compared to last week. By product type, the trading volume of urban investment bonds was 259.4 billion yuan, a decrease of 13.7 billion yuan; the trading volume of industrial bonds was 367.4 billion yuan, an increase of 13.2 billion yuan; the trading volume of financial bonds was 627.5 billion yuan, a decrease of 43.8 billion yuan. The trading volume of asset - backed securities was 25.5 billion yuan, an increase of 1 billion yuan [24]. - In terms of turnover rate, the turnover rate of credit bonds showed a mixed trend compared to last week. Specifically, the turnover rate of urban investment bonds was 1.66%, a decrease of 0.1 pct; the turnover rate of industrial bonds was 1.89%, an increase of 0.06 pct; the turnover rate of financial bonds was 4.05%, a decrease of 0.29 pct; the turnover rate of asset - backed securities was 0.67%, an increase of 0.03 pct [24]. 3.3.2 Yield - This week, the yields of credit bonds with different ratings and maturities fluctuated within 3BP compared to last week. For example, the yields of AA, AAA -, and AAA + credit bonds within 1 year decreased by 2BP, 2BP, and 1BP respectively; the yields of AA and AAA + credit bonds with a 5 - year maturity increased by 2BP and 1BP respectively, while the yield of AAA - credit bonds decreased by 1BP; the yields of AA, AAA -, and AAA + credit bonds with a maturity over 10 years decreased by 1BP, 1BP, and less than 1BP respectively [25]. 3.3.3 Credit Spreads - Overall, the credit spreads of the AAA electrical equipment industry compressed significantly by 14BP compared to last week, while the spreads of other industries and ratings widened to varying degrees. For example, the credit spreads of the AA + leisure service industry widened by 20BP, and the spreads of the AA + media and light manufacturing industries widened by 9BP [30]. - **Urban Investment Bonds**: By maturity, the credit spreads of urban investment bonds with a maturity over 10 years compressed slightly by 1BP, while the spreads of other maturities widened by 3BP. By region, the top five regions with the highest credit spreads of AA - rated urban investment bonds were Guizhou, Yunnan, Jilin, Shandong, and Sichuan; for AA + urban investment bonds, they were Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; for AAA urban investment bonds, they were Liaoning, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Jilin, and Tianjin [32][34]. - **Industrial Bonds**: Most of the industrial credit spreads continued to widen, with the short - end widening more significantly than the long - end. For example, the credit spreads of 1 - year AAA -, AA +, and AA private industrial bonds widened by 4BP, 4BP, and 7BP respectively compared to last week; the spreads of 10 - year AAA -, AA +, and AA private industrial bonds widened by 2BP, 2BP, and 2BP respectively [36]. - **Bank Capital Bonds**: The short - end spreads of bank Tier 2 and perpetual bonds within 1 year widened slightly, while the long - end spreads over 10 years compressed slightly. For example, the credit spreads of 1 - year AAA -, AA +, and AA Tier 2 capital bonds widened by 4BP, 3BP, and 3BP respectively compared to last week, and the spreads of 10 - year AAA -, AA +, and AA Tier 2 capital bonds compressed by 3BP, 2BP, and 2BP respectively [39]. 3.4 This Week's Bond Market Negative News - This week, the implied ratings of bonds issued by five issuers, including Nanjing Zijin Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. and Beijing Tianheng Yuanxin Capital Investment Management Co., Ltd., were downgraded. The "H20 Tianying 3" issued by Wuhan Tianying Investment Group Co., Ltd. and the "Hongda Debenture" issued by Hongda Xingye Co., Ltd. defaulted in essence [4][40]. 3.5 Investment Recommendations - In 2026, for urban investment bonds, short - duration (within 2Y) sinking urban investment bonds can be used as a base position to obtain stable coupon income, and high - quality urban investment entities with a moderately extended duration (3 - 5Y) can be selected to increase portfolio returns. For industrial bonds, high - quality central and state - owned enterprise industrial bonds can be used as a base position with an extended duration to obtain stable coupon income, and attention should be paid to industries with marginal improvements. For Tier 2 and perpetual bonds, trading opportunities of those with good liquidity (preferably 3 - 5Y AAA -) should be grasped, and attention should be paid to high - quality city commercial banks and rural commercial banks in economically developed areas and areas with advanced debt resolution progress [44].

华福证券 2025 年 12 月 21 日 利率回落信用利差被动走扩 长久期弱资质城投承压 —— 信用利差周度跟踪 20251221 投资要点： ➢ 资金宽松带动利率回落，信用表现滞后利差走扩。本周资金宽松带动 中短端利率显著回落，收益率继续下行，1Y、3Y、5Y、7Y 和 10Y 期国开 债收益率较上周分别下行 4BP、5BP、3BP、1BP 和 2BP。除 5Y 期中低等 级外信用债收益率多数跟随利率下行，但表现相对滞后，信用利差多数继 续走阔。1Y 期各等级信用债收益率下行 1-2BP；3Y 期各等级信用债收益 率多数下行 3BP，AA 级下行 3BP；5Y 期 AAA 等级信用债收益率下行 1BP， 其余等级上行 2-3BP；7Y 期各等级信用债收益率下行 1BP；10Y 期 AAA 等级信用债收益率上行 1BP，其余等级下行 1BP。从信用利差来看，1Y 期 各等级信用利差上行 2-3BP；3Y 期各等级信用利差上行 3-5BP；5Y 期 AAA 等级信用债利差上行 2BP，其余等级上行 5-6BP；7Y 期各等级信用利差持 平；10Y 期 AAA 等级信用利差上行 3BP，其余等级上行 1BP。 ...

2025 年 12 月 20 日 总量研究 信用债发行量环比下降，各行业信用利差涨跌互现 ——信用债周度观察（20251215-20251219） 要点 1、 一级市场 注：本篇报告的信用债口径包括定向工具、短期融资券、公司债、金融债（不含 同业存单和政金债）、中期票据、企业债。 2025 年 12 月 15 日至 12 月 19 日（以下简称"本周"），信用债共发行 347 只，发行规模总计 3705.49 亿元，环比减少 19.36%。 发行规模方面，本周，产业债共发行 170 只，发行规模达 1633.10 亿元，环比 减少 12.44%,占本周信用债发行总规模的比例为 44.07%；城投债共发行 138 只， 发行规模达 879.59 亿元，环比减少 0.96%,占本周信用债发行总规模的比例为 23.74%；金融债共发行 39 只，发行规模达 1192.80 亿元，环比减少 35.24%, 占本周信用债发行总规模的比例为 32.19%。 发行期限方面，本周信用债整体的平均发行期限为 2.63 年，其中，产业债平均 发行期限为 2.38 年、城投债平均发行期限为 3.14 年、金融债平均发行期限为 1. ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles indicates that credit bond demand may slow down in 2026 due to various factors affecting both the demand and supply sides of the market [1][21] - On the demand side, the decline in deposit rates is expected to continue driving residents' assets towards wealth management products, with a steady growth forecast for wealth management scale in 2026 [1][21] - The proportion of credit bonds in wealth management products is likely to face challenges in increasing due to the completion of net value smoothing measures and a low spread environment, with the proportion dropping to 38.8% in Q2 2025, down 2.3 percentage points from Q4 2024 [1][21] - Fund sales fee regulations are expected to significantly impact short and medium-term bond funds, with potential redemption pressures leading to a significant scale of bond redemption, estimated between 1.04 trillion to 2.07 trillion yuan, with credit bonds accounting for approximately 330.9 billion to 661.8 billion yuan [1][28] Group 2 - On the supply side, low issuance rates combined with the "green channel" for issuing technology innovation bonds are expected to lead to continued growth in industrial bond supply, while policies for local government financing bonds remain strict [2][3] - The credit bond market is facing a "yield drought" as industrial bonds do not provide higher coupon assets compared to local government bonds [2][3] - The credit spread is anticipated to exhibit low volatility with potential structural opportunities, particularly in high-rated industrial bonds with maturities around 5 years [3][4] - The opening of amortized bond funds in 2026 is expected to drive demand for specific maturities of credit bonds, particularly benefiting mid to high-rated 5-year and 3-year bonds [4][33] Group 3 - The market is expected to focus on structural opportunities in industrial bonds, including the opening of amortized bond funds, trading opportunities in ultra-long bonds, and the exploration of perpetual bond spreads [5][4] - The perpetual bond market shows significant potential, with a current stock of 2.56 trillion yuan, and opportunities for yield compression expected in the first quarter of 2026 [5][4] - The liquidity spread opportunities in technology innovation bonds are also highlighted, with a focus on the performance of ETF net values and the trading activity of component bonds [5][4]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - The Central Economic Work Conference continued the positive policy tone, and the Fed's interest rate cut eased external constraints. The credit bond market in 2026 will have relatively stable liquidity support and structural development opportunities under the "moderately loose" monetary environment and clear policy guidance. However, it may present a volatile pattern, and investors are advised to focus on the coupon value of medium - short - term and high - grade bonds [4][14]. Summary by Directory Market Hotspots - **Central Economic Work Conference and Credit Bond Market**: The conference set the tone for a moderately loose monetary policy in 2026, emphasizing support for key areas such as scientific and technological innovation. The "Science and Technology Board" in the bond market promoted the development of science and technology bonds, with the stock scale reaching 3.37 trillion yuan and the ETF product scale exceeding 250 billion yuan. The current bond market default risk is generally stable, but tail and local risks still need attention. The credit bond market is expected to achieve stable and healthy development [11][13][14]. - **Fed's Interest Rate Cut**: On December 10, 2025, the Fed cut interest rates by 25bp for the third time this year. Although it eases the pressure of the inverted Sino - US interest rate spread and provides space for China's monetary policy, the credit bond market is still mainly determined by domestic fundamentals and policies. The market is likely to be volatile, and investors are advised to adopt a prudent strategy [15][16][18]. Macroeconomic Data - In November, the year - on - year CPI growth rate reached 0.7%, the highest since March 2024, indicating the continuous recovery of consumer demand. The year - on - year PPI decline was 2.2%. The social financing scale stock was 440.07 trillion yuan, with a year - on - year growth of 8.5%. The M1 year - on - year growth rate was 4.9%, and the M2 was 8.0%, with the M2 - M1 gap widening to 3.1 percentage points [6][20]. Money Market - Last week, the central bank net - injected 470 million yuan through open - market operations. Due to seasonal factors, the capital market tightened, and most capital prices rose. The DR001 decreased by 3bp, while other repurchase rates increased by 2 - 7bp. The 3 - month and 1 - year Shibor remained stable [22][23]. Credit Bond Primary Market - Last week, the credit bond issuance scale was 274.812 billion yuan, showing a recovery. The issuance scale of different bond types and industries varied. The infrastructure investment and financing industry had a net inflow of financing, and most industries in industrial bonds also had net inflows. The average issuance cost of credit bonds showed a long - short differentiation, with the 1 - year average issuance rate decreasing and the 3 - year and 5 - year rates mostly increasing [27][35]. Credit Bond Secondary Market - The trading volume of the bond secondary market reached 8.715913 trillion yuan, an increase of 191.82 billion yuan from the previous period, indicating increased trading activity. Bond yields mostly declined, with the 10 - year treasury bond yield dropping to 1.84%. Most credit spreads of AAA - rated bonds narrowed, and the rating spreads fluctuated [36][38][43].