Group 1 - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) in July showed a month-on-month increase of 0.4%, indicating a shift from decline to growth, while the year-on-year CPI remained flat [1][2] - The core CPI, excluding food and energy, rose by 0.8% year-on-year, marking the highest increase since March 2024, with a continuous expansion in growth for three consecutive months [2][6] - The increase in CPI was primarily driven by rising prices in services and industrial consumer goods, with service prices up 0.6% and industrial consumer goods prices up 0.5% month-on-month [2][3] Group 2 - The Producer Price Index (PPI) decreased by 0.2% month-on-month, but the decline was less than the previous month, indicating a potential improvement in supply-demand relationships in certain industries [3][5] - The domestic market's competitive order is improving, leading to a narrowing of price declines in industries such as coal, steel, photovoltaic, cement, and lithium batteries [5][6] - The overall judgment for the second half of the year suggests a mild recovery in prices, supported by stable economic conditions and effective demand expansion policies [6][10]

Core Insights - Monthly commodity price forecast indicates oil prices are fluctuating, while copper and gold are trending upwards [2] Domestic Demand - New home sales are experiencing a larger decline, while automobile sales are also retreating; however, summer entertainment consumption is showing signs of improvement [2] - In July, new home sales saw a year-on-year decline, while the drop in second-hand home sales narrowed. The market is undergoing adjustments, and the growth rate of passenger car sales is slowing down, with retail sales declining and wholesale sales increasing [2] - The box office revenue for summer films has significantly improved, with total box office surpassing 6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 48.4% [2] External Demand - The introduction of Tariff 2.0 has seen lower increases in tariffs for major economies like the EU and Japan compared to April, with China's tariffs being postponed for another three months [3] - Additional conditions require major economies to commit to investments in the U.S. and purchase energy products, with an extra 40% tariff on re-exporting countries like Vietnam targeting China [4] - July exports may see a slight decline, with a decrease in shipping weight and a drop in shipping volume to the U.S. [5] Production - The willingness to reduce production remains limited, with steel mill profits continuing to rise, leading to an increase in production [6] - Pork prices have decreased due to increased market supply, while the overall willingness to cut production remains low [7] - The average daily coal consumption of six major power plants is expected to rise in July, despite a temporary decrease due to weather conditions [7] Prices - Commodity prices have generally declined, with domestic rebar, thermal coal, and glass prices continuing to rise, while cement prices have decreased [8] - Gold prices are under pressure due to a softer tariff environment and the Federal Reserve's stance, while oil prices are supported by geopolitical uncertainties and seasonal demand [8] Follow-up Focus - Future attention will be on export data and price data [9]

宏观研究 证 券 研 究 报 告 【每周经济观察】 未来一周关注美欧日 6 月制造业 PMI ——海外周报第 95 期 主要观点 ❖ 下周即将公布的海外重点经济数据 美国：6 月标普 PMI 初值（6/23），5 月成屋销量（6/23），6 月咨商局消费者 信心指数（6/24），5 月新屋销量（6/25），5 月耐用品订单初值（6/26），6 月密 歇根大学消费者信心指数和通胀预期终值（6/27）、5 月个人收入和支出（6/27）。 欧元区：6 月 PMI 初值（6/23），6 月消费者信心指数终值（6/27）。 日本：6 月 PMI 初值（6/23），6 月东京 CPI 数据（6/27），5 月失业率和求人 倍率（6/27），5 月零售销售（6/27）。 ❖ 本周海外重要经济数据和事件回顾 美国：1）美联储 6 月 FOMC 会议维持利率不变，符合预期。2）5 月零售销 售低于预期，环比-0.9%，预期-0.6%，前值从 0.1%下修至-0.1%，除汽车外的 零售销售环比-0.3%，预期 0.2%，前值从 0.1%下修至 0%。3）5 月工业产值低 于预期，环比-0.2%，预期 0%，前值从 0 上修至 0 ...

报 告 正 文 核心 CPI 同比改善， PPI 同比降幅继续走扩。 CPI 方面， 5月 CPI 环比由涨转降，同比降幅持平上月。不 过，核心 CPI 同比增速上行。 PPI 方面， 5 月 PPI 环比降幅持平上月，同比降幅走扩 0.6 个百分点。二者均 受国际能源价格波动拖累。 消费需求仍有边际改善。 5 月能源价格环比下降 1.7% ，同比下降 6.1% ，分别影响 CPI 环比和同比下降约 0.13 和约 0.47 个百分点，是拖累 CPI 下降的主要因素。食品价格环比下降 0.2% ，不过降幅小于季节 性水 平 1.1 个百分点。剔除食品和能源来看，核心 CPI 同比涨幅比上月扩大 0.1 个百分点，消费需求仍然有所改 善。从各分项当月同比来看，除交通通信价格下降 4.3% 以外，其他七大类价格均有所上涨，其中食品烟酒类 价格同比上涨 0.1% 。 能源和原料价格阶段性下行。 5 月 PPI 环比降幅持平上月，同比降幅再走扩，主要原因仍然是国际原油价格 下行，国内油气开采、精炼石油制品和化工价格合计影响 PPI 环比下降约 0.23 个百分点，超过总降幅的五 成。同时，煤炭需求处于淡季，多地受高温 ...

Group 1: CPI and Core CPI Trends - In May, the CPI decreased by 0.1% year-on-year, maintaining the same decline as the previous month[10] - The core CPI year-on-year growth rate recorded 0.6%, an increase of 0.1 percentage points from last month[10] - The CPI month-on-month growth rate turned negative at -0.2%, a decrease of 0.3 percentage points from the previous month[10] Group 2: Energy Prices Impact - Energy prices fell by 1.7% month-on-month and decreased by 6.1% year-on-year, contributing approximately 0.13 and 0.47 percentage points to the CPI decline, respectively[10] - The oil and gas extraction industry saw prices drop by 5.6%, while refined petroleum product manufacturing prices fell by 3.5%[28] - The coal mining industry experienced a price decline of 3.0%, with coal processing prices down by 1.1%[28] Group 3: PPI Trends - The PPI year-on-year growth rate recorded -3.3%, with a decline of 0.6 percentage points compared to last month[24] - The PPI month-on-month decline remained at -0.4%, consistent with the previous month[26] - Production material prices decreased by 4.0% year-on-year, while living material prices saw a decline of 1.4%[24] Group 4: Consumer Demand and Price Changes - Consumer demand showed marginal improvement, with seven major categories of prices rising, except for transportation and communication, which fell by 4.3%[10] - Food prices decreased by 0.4% year-on-year, with fresh vegetables and eggs contributing to the decline[17] - Hotel accommodation and tourism prices increased by 4.6% and 0.8%, respectively, exceeding seasonal levels[20]

5月10日，国家统计局公布数据显示，4月份，居民消费价格指数（CPI）环比由上月下降0.4%转为上涨0.1%，同比下降0.1%，降幅与上月相同。核心CPI环 比由平转涨，上涨0.2%；同比上涨0.5%，涨幅保持稳定。工业生产者出厂价格指数（PPI）环比下降0.4%，降幅与上月相同，同比下降2.7%，降幅比上月扩 大0.2个百分点。 物价连接着宏观经济和千家万户，是反映供求状况的"晴雨表"、引导资源流向的"风向标"、度量民生冷暖的"温度计"。 总体上看，4月份国内物价数据仍在低位运行，国际输入性因素对部分行业价格产生一定下拉影响，但更能反映供求关系的核心CPI涨幅保持稳定，体现了 我国经济的内在韧性。此外，在各项宏观政策协同发力下，国内部分领域价格呈现出积极的变化。 CPI环比由降转涨，同比略有下降，核心CPI涨幅稳定 从环比看，4月份CPI由降转涨，涨幅高于季节性水平0.2个百分点，主要是食品、出行服务回升带动。食品价格环比上涨0.2%，高于季节性水平1.4个百分 点。受需求回暖及假日因素共同影响，出行服务价格回升明显。因国际金价变动，国内金饰品价格上涨10.1%，影响CPI环比上涨约0.06个百分点。 从同 ...

广发证券首席经济学家 郭磊 guolei@gf.com.cn 摘要 第一， 2025 年 4 月 CPI 同比 -0.1% ，持平前值； PPI 同比 -2.7% ，低于前值的 -2.5% 。按 CPI 和 PPI 权重分别 60% 和 40% 模拟的平减指数为 -1.14% ，低于前值的 -1.06% 。 第二， CPI 环比为 0.1% ，好于 2-3 月的环比负增。上涨的价格线索主要有三：（ 1 ）进口减少影响牛肉 价格， 4 月牛肉价格环比上涨 3.9% ，同比降幅缩窄 5.9 个点；（ 2 ）五一假期居民出行活跃带动假期前 价格， 飞机票、交通工具租赁费、宾馆住宿和旅游价格环比分别上涨 13.5% 、 7.3% 、 4.5% 和 3.1% ，涨幅均高于季节性水平，合计影响 CPI 环比约 0.10 个百分点；（ 3 ）黄金价格上涨背景下，国内金饰品 价格环比上涨 10.1% ，影响 CPI 环比约 0.06 个百分点。 第三， 价格偏弱的领域包括：（ 1 ）猪肉价格环比继续下行，在过去 7 个月有 6 个月环比负增长；（ 2 ） 交通工具价格环比为 -0.3% ，显示汽车降价依然在延续；（ 3 ）酒 ...