证券研究报告 | 宏观点评 [Table_Main] 经济仍需政策呵护——5月宏观月度观 察 报告摘要 海外宏观：关税冲击下发达国家展现相对韧性。5 月份是美国"对等关税"冲 击下的第二个月份。全球经济虽然放缓，但下滑幅度不算大。发达国家和新兴 经济体出现明显分化。在关税冲击下，发达国家经济景气度展现出较强韧性， 我们认为这是由于发达国家的内需较强，抵抗外部冲击的能力更强。新兴经济 体制造业 PMI 指数则快速下滑，我们认为新兴市场对于全球贸易的依赖度更 高，所以受到美国关税政策的冲击更大。关税对海外通胀影响尚不明显。5 月 美国通胀保持平稳，欧元区通胀持续下行。发达国家的通胀数据走势表明关税 战对于通胀的影响低于最初市场的预期。但其中一个重要原因是美国对外的 "额外关税"有 90 天的豁免期。这期间有较多的贸易抢跑及提前备货，平抑 了通胀的短期波动。我们认为未来海外通胀仍存在较大的上行风险。 国内宏观：经济仍待政策呵护。消费高速增长，但持续性存疑。5 月社会消费 品零售总额同比增长 6.4%，是本月经济最大的亮点。我们认为 5 月消费高速 增长的主要动力有两点：一是电商"618"促销活动提前至 5 月 13 ...

Group 1: Economic Overview - In May, industrial production growth slightly decreased to 5.8% year-on-year, primarily due to weakened export activities influenced by tariff fluctuations[12] - Fixed asset investment growth fell to 2.7%, with real estate investment declining by 12%[21] - Retail sales growth increased to 6.4%, indicating enhanced consumer momentum, with service retail sales rising to 5.2%[26] Group 2: Real Estate Market - National real estate sales area growth rate dropped to -3.3%, with a two-year average growth rate narrowing to -12.4%[29] - New housing sales area growth rate continued to decline, while prices for new and second-hand homes showed a narrowing year-on-year decline[30] - Construction area growth rebounded significantly, but new construction area growth remained at -19.3%[30] Group 3: Consumer Behavior - Consumption rebounded due to the combination of trade-in subsidies and increased holiday spending, with inbound tourism transactions increasing by 2.4 times in number and 1.3 times in value[13] - The growth rates for essential and discretionary consumer goods reached 8.2% and 8.5%, respectively, with two-year average growth rates also rising[26] Group 4: Risks and Future Outlook - External demand is expected to weaken as tariff exemptions expire, potentially impacting production and investment[13] - The urban unemployment rate remained stable at 5.0%, indicating a steady employment situation despite economic fluctuations[33]

国家统计局16日发布数据显示，5月份，消费品以旧换新政策持续显效，限额以上单位家用电器和音 像器材类、通讯器材类、文化办公用品类、家具类商品零售额分别增长53.0%、33.0%、30.5%、 25.6%。 ...

宏 观 研 究 华福证券 地产探底对内需拖累加深 ——经济数据点评（25.4） 投资要点： 宏 观 点 评 社零增速高位回落，补贴效果分化，汽车石油下滑。4 月社会消费品 零售总额、限额以上商品零售同比分别为 5.1%、6.6%，分别较前月的阶段 性高点回落 0.8、2.0 个百分点。主要拖累来自汽车，同比增速下滑 4.8 个 百分点至 0.7%，与金融数据中居民贷款再度降温相一致，显示房地产周期 未出现明确拐点之前，居民汽车消费回升态势尚不稳固。而同样受补贴刺 激的家电音像、通讯器材，4 月零售同比分别达到 38.8%和 19.9%，均处于 一年多以来较高增长区间，补贴效果持续显现。必需品、服务持续呈现较 强韧性和较小弹性，粮油食品同比 14.0%较前月再度小幅上行 0.2 个百分 点，餐饮收入同比 5.2%，尽管较前月小幅回落 0.4 个百分点但仍处于近一 年较高增速区间。 固定投资增速下滑，房地产探底有所加快，制造业基建高位波动。4 月固定资产投资同比 3.5%，较前月回落达 0.8 个百分点，三大主要行业同 步走弱，增长中枢进一步分化。单月房地产开发投资同比-11.3%，跌幅再 度加深 1.3 个百分 ...

Core Viewpoint - The April economic data indicates a mixed performance in China's economy, with strong industrial production and consumption, but a decline in investment and real estate sectors [1][13]. Demand Side - April's external demand faced challenges due to reciprocal tariffs, leading to a significant drop in exports to the US; however, transshipment trade helped maintain export resilience [1][2]. - Internal demand showed a decline in both investment and consumption, although consumption remained at a high level; investment was dragged down by the real estate and manufacturing sectors [1][7]. Production Side - Industrial production maintained a high level, with April's industrial value-added growth rate dropping to 6.1%, supported by equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing [3][5]. - The service sector's production index slightly decreased, but still benefited from low base effects and consumption recovery [3]. Investment Trends - National fixed asset investment growth rate fell by 0.8 percentage points to 3.5%, with real estate investment continuing to decline significantly [7]. - High-tech industry investments performed well, particularly in information services and computer manufacturing, with year-on-year growth rates of 40.6% and 28.9% respectively [7]. Consumption Patterns - Retail sales growth rate decreased by 0.8 percentage points to 5.1%, while service retail sales showed an upward trend, particularly in tourism-related sectors [9]. - Essential consumer goods saw a decline in growth, while sectors benefiting from trade-in programs performed strongly [9]. Real Estate Market - Real estate sales area growth rate worsened to -2.1%, with new construction area also declining significantly [11]. - Despite the drop in sales volume, housing prices continued to rise, with the decline in new and second-hand housing prices narrowing [11]. Employment and External Factors - The unemployment rate remained stable at 5.1%, indicating a steady employment situation despite external challenges [13]. - Future export performance may exceed expectations due to potential European recovery, although this could lead to a more cautious domestic policy response [13].

Investment Rating - The report indicates a stable outlook for the economy, with a focus on policy support and external demand as key drivers for growth [2][3]. Core Insights - The overall economic recovery is still reliant on policy measures and external demand, with internal dynamics such as consumer spending and private investment needing improvement [3][4]. - The production sector shows steady performance, with industrial value-added growth at 5.9% year-on-year for January-February 2025, slightly lower than December 2024's 6.2% [8][10]. - Consumer spending is recovering, with retail sales growth of 4.0% year-on-year in January-February 2025, up from 3.7% in December 2024 [17][21]. - Investment is showing marginal improvement, with fixed asset investment growth at 4.1% year-on-year for January-February 2025, compared to 3.2% for the entire previous year [24][25]. Summary by Sections 1. Production: Steady Performance - Industrial value-added growth for January-February 2025 is 5.9%, with a month-on-month increase of 0.51% in February [8][10]. - Export-oriented sectors like transportation equipment and automotive show the highest growth rates, while real estate-related sectors remain subdued due to slow downstream demand [10][12]. 2. Consumption: Bright Performance in Services - Social retail sales grew by 4.0% year-on-year in January-February 2025, higher than December 2024's 3.7% [17][21]. - Service retail sales increased by 4.9%, although this is a decline from December's 6.2% [17][21]. - Online consumption shows a significant recovery, with a year-on-year growth of 5.7% in January-February 2025, compared to 1.5% in December 2024 [21][22]. 3. Investment: Marginal Improvement - Fixed asset investment growth is at 4.1% year-on-year for January-February 2025, an increase from 3.2% in the previous year [24][25]. - Real estate investment shows a year-on-year decline of 9.8%, while manufacturing and broad infrastructure investments grow at 9.0% and 10.0%, respectively [25][26]. - The improvement in broad infrastructure investment is primarily driven by high growth in electricity and heat supply investments, which increased by 25.4% [26][27].