文 | 江 露 来 源 | C F C 金 属 研 究 编 辑 | 杨 兰 审 核 | 浦 电 路 交 易 员 正 文 | 黄金 | 白银 | 铜 | 铝 | 氧化铝 | 锌 | 镇 | 锡 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 27. 0% | 9.3% | 4.9% | -1.5% | -35. 6% | -12. 8% | -0.7% | 6.7% | | 碳酸锂 | 工业研 | 多晶硅 | 硅铁/锰硅 | 螺纹钢 | 热卷 | 煤焦 | 铁矿石 | | -15. 2% | -24. 1% | -15. 4% | -12. 4%/- 5.3% | -8.2% | -7.4% | -23.9%/- 19. 4% | -10. 7% | 2.1 宏观展望:康波视角下当前周期判断 ◆ 目前已步入萧条:衰退时点为2009年,萧条转换点在2019年 图表:康波周期的划分 | 康波 | 繁荣 | 裹退 | 萧条 | 复苏 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 第一轮(纺织工业和 | 1782~1802 | 181 ...

Core Viewpoint - The supply-demand dynamics indicate a continuation of a loose market environment, characterized by increased production and imports against weak demand and high inventory levels. Price expectations suggest that rubber prices may continue to fluctuate downwards, with a potential further contraction in the RU-NR price spread [1][25]. Supply Side - From January to April, China's natural rubber production increased by 26.15% year-on-year, currently in a seasonal growth phase. However, frequent rainfall in domestic production areas has delayed the concentration of raw material supply, leading to strong raw material prices as processing plants rush to collect materials. Improvement in weather conditions is anticipated to alleviate the tight supply situation [4]. - In early May, Thailand announced a one-month delay in tapping, but production has since resumed, with a year-on-year increase of 4.39% from January to April. Vietnam's production also saw a year-on-year increase of 2.10% during the same period. Although initial raw material output is slow due to weather disturbances, entering the peak production season may strengthen raw material supply expectations [4]. Demand Side - As of May 22, the operating rate for semi-steel tires was 73.74%, up 2.53% month-on-month but down 6.35% year-on-year. The operating rate for all-steel tires was 62.09%, up 2.21% month-on-month but down 4.11% year-on-year. The decline in rubber prices has led to increased caution among downstream producers, with only essential purchases being maintained. Despite a slight increase in production and sales of passenger vehicles, overall demand growth remains slow, and tire companies are facing high finished product inventories, which may lead to a downward adjustment in future operating rates [15][25]. - According to customs data, tire export figures for April showed a month-on-month decline, with all-steel tire exports down 5.43% and semi-steel tire exports down 10.39%. Although previous US-China negotiations had a positive impact on the market, strict tariff policies on Southeast Asian regions may continue to challenge tire export trade [23]. Market Outlook - The overall supply-demand situation remains loose, with expectations of increased natural rubber supply and high inventory levels in downstream tire companies, leading to a strong likelihood of downward adjustments in operating rates. The slow growth in terminal demand makes it difficult for upward price transmission, suggesting that rubber prices may continue to experience downward fluctuations, with the RU-NR price spread likely to contract [25].

Group 1: Overview of the Casting Aluminum Alloy Industry - The casting aluminum alloy is the most widely used non-ferrous metal material in China, primarily composed of aluminum with added metal or non-metal elements to enhance its properties [5] - The industry is divided into primary aluminum alloys and recycled aluminum alloys, with the latter being produced from scrap aluminum [5] - ADC12 is a key grade of recycled casting aluminum alloy, accounting for approximately 10% of the total primary aluminum production [5][7] Group 2: Recycled Aluminum Alloy Industry Chain - The upstream of the recycled aluminum alloy industry chain consists of scrap aluminum recycling enterprises, with sources mainly from construction, transportation, and electrical sectors [6] - The midstream involves recycled aluminum production companies that process scrap aluminum into alloy ingots through various stages [6] - The downstream market sees recycled aluminum primarily in the form of casting aluminum alloy ingots, which are used extensively in the automotive sector [6] Group 3: Supply Situation of Scrap Aluminum in China - Domestic scrap aluminum supply is primarily sourced from old materials, with an expected total supply exceeding 12 million tons by 2024 [20][21] - The recycling system in China is still developing, with a need for more large-scale and professional recycling enterprises to stabilize supply channels [25] - The import of scrap aluminum has been subject to policy adjustments, with a significant increase in imports expected in 2024 [29][30] Group 4: Supply and Demand Status of Casting Aluminum Alloys - The production of recycled aluminum is projected to grow, with a target of 11.5 million tons by 2025 [37] - The demand for casting aluminum alloys is heavily driven by the automotive industry, which utilizes aluminum for weight reduction and fuel efficiency [54][56] - The current production capacity of recycled casting aluminum alloys is around 1.2 million tons, with ADC12 accounting for a significant portion of this production [38] Group 5: Price Trends of Casting Aluminum Alloys - The price of ADC12 generally follows the trend of primary aluminum prices, with a strong correlation observed [71] - The industry has faced low profit margins due to overcapacity, with average profits reported at -25 yuan per ton in 2024 [71] - The introduction of futures contracts for casting aluminum alloys is expected to enhance price discovery and provide risk management tools for market participants [78] Group 6: Futures Contract Details - The Shanghai Futures Exchange will launch a futures contract for casting aluminum alloys on June 10, 2025, with specific trading parameters outlined [79][80] - The contract will have a trading unit of 10 tons and a minimum price fluctuation of 5 yuan per ton [80] - Delivery will be based on specific quality standards, ensuring compliance with established chemical composition requirements [82]

以下文章来源于广发期货研究 ，作者研究所 广发期货研究 . 推送广发期货研究所的最新报告和观点 文 | 朱迪 王泽辉 来源 | 广发期货研究 编辑 | 杨兰 审核 | 浦电路交易员 摘要 本次调研时间为5月下旬，走访了广西南宁、防城港、钦州、北海等地，涉及企业包括上游油厂及中游贸易商，主要为了探究当地及全国范围 内油脂油料市场的供需环境，及贸易政策不确定环境下，上中下游的采购、销售及备货节奏。 01 广西油脂油料市场总结 1.2油料市场情况 从本次调研情况来看，未来进口菜籽供应整体偏紧，目前油厂买船积极性差，受贸易关税相关政策影响，工厂担忧未来政策变化，谨 慎采购，少量的几条船均来自加拿大，暂未启动其他国家的菜籽采购。但国内进口颗粒粕库存相对充裕，预计3季度市场菜粕供应宽 松。8、9、10月菜粕将迎来水产旺季，或会有一波库存消化驱动，目前终端提货尚可，叠加4、5月豆粕基差高位，菜粕替代增加， 油厂菜粕库存目前偏低。而考虑到未来菜籽供应趋紧，油厂卖货并不激进，低价有挺价情绪。 巴西大豆目前陆陆续续到港中，但因前期到港衔接不佳及通关限制，油厂开机持续低位，豆粕建库过程缓慢。短期豆粕库存压力不 大，按照目前到货节奏 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implications of recent economic policies and credit rating changes in the U.S., highlighting the potential risks and opportunities in the commodity markets and U.S. debt dynamics. Group 1: U.S. Credit Rating and Debt Dynamics - On May 16, Moody's downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, marking the first downgrade in 108 years [2]. - The downgrade triggered a re-evaluation of U.S. Treasury risks, leading to a steepening yield curve, with 10-year yields rising by 3 basis points and 30-year yields by 10 basis points [4]. - The U.S. fiscal deficit is projected to reach $1.7 trillion for FY2023, approximately 6.3% of GDP, creating a vicious cycle of rising interest rates and expanding deficits [8]. Group 2: Fiscal Policy and Economic Implications - The "One Big Beautiful Bills" fiscal policy aims to extend tax cuts and increase defense spending while raising the debt ceiling by $4 trillion, potentially increasing federal debt by $3.06 trillion over the next decade [7]. - The U.S. federal debt has surpassed $34 trillion, with about one-third being short-term debt, which poses refinancing risks as interest rates rise [9]. - The current fiscal pressure is the most severe since the 1980s, with interest payments potentially exceeding military spending, impacting infrastructure and healthcare budgets [11]. Group 3: Commodity Market Outlook - The article notes that the current "stagflation" state in the U.S. economy is likely to persist, leading to downward pressure on commodity prices, particularly for financial commodities [13]. - Recent fluctuations in oil prices indicate a pessimistic demand environment, despite temporary supply shocks [17]. - In the agricultural sector, there is a bullish sentiment for corn and wheat due to supply constraints, while the soybean oil market faces limitations on price increases due to fiscal constraints [20][21]. Group 4: Currency and Investment Trends - The article highlights the impact of U.S.-China interest rate differentials on the RMB, with current U.S. rates around 4.5% compared to China's 1%-2% [23]. - A potential depreciation of the U.S. dollar could lead to a passive appreciation of the RMB, which may attract global capital towards Chinese assets [23].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses various tools and reports designed to assist users in observing and analyzing futures market opportunities and macroeconomic trends, emphasizing the importance of data-driven decision-making in trading [1][3]. Group 1: Research Phase - The tool "China Futures Market Volatility Observation" helps users observe the volatility of different futures varieties at various frequencies, making it relatively easy to use [3]. - "China Macro Value Relative Arbitrage" assists users in observing arbitrage opportunities from a macro perspective, categorized as an advanced tool [3]. - "China Futures Market Cross-Variety Arbitrage Tool" enables users to identify trading opportunities in cross-variety arbitrage, also classified as advanced [3]. - "China Futures Market Cross-Period Price Difference Arbitrage Tool" aids in observing trading opportunities in price differences of a single variety, categorized as advanced [3]. - "China Futures Market On-Site Options" helps users identify trading opportunities in futures options, classified as advanced [3]. - The "Global Macro Asset Climate Report" assists users in summarizing weekly market trends and anomalies globally, categorized as relatively easy to use [3]. Group 2: Pre-Trading Phase - "Trading Plan and Review" helps users clarify the target trading variety, entry basis, expected profit and loss, and position calculation, categorized as relatively easy [3]. - "Trading Position Calculation" assists users in calculating trading positions based on the Average True Range (ATR) of various trading varieties, categorized as relatively easy [3]. Group 3: Trading Phase - "Portfolio & Trading Management" is suitable for single market traders, assisting in managing investment portfolio risks, categorized as relatively easy [3]. - "Investment Portfolio Management Tool" is designed for multi-market and multi-asset traders, helping manage total and sub-asset account returns and risks, categorized as advanced [3]. Group 4: Review Phase - The "Trading Day's Memo" report helps users summarize daily market trends and anomalies, categorized as relatively easy [3].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant challenges facing the global bond market, particularly focusing on the issues surrounding U.S. Treasury bonds and Japanese government bonds, amidst a backdrop of changing geopolitical and economic dynamics [1][4]. Group 1: Global Debt Market Dynamics - The recent "disastrous" auctions of 20-year Japanese and U.S. bonds signal a shift in the global bond market, emphasizing a supply-demand mismatch exacerbated by geopolitical tensions and fiscal policies [1][4]. - The U.S. tax cuts and spending bill passed by the House of Representatives poses a direct challenge to the rebalancing of global debt supply, suggesting a systemic increase in government debt [4][5]. Group 2: U.S. Fiscal Policy Implications - The tax cut and spending bill is projected to increase the deficit by $3.1 trillion over the next decade, which does not account for potential tariff revenues [5]. - The U.S. government shows no intention of reducing its deficit or debt levels, with an expected annual budget deficit of around $2 trillion in the coming years [5][11]. Group 3: Japanese Bond Market Insights - Japan's bond market is experiencing a shift, with traditional domestic buyers reducing their duration, while overseas funds are becoming significant net buyers [8]. - The low interest rates since 2021 have led to a substantial increase in yen-denominated cross-border financing, which could have a profound impact on global liquidity [5][8]. Group 4: Supply-Demand Mismatch in U.S. Treasuries - The U.S. Treasury market faces a supply-demand mismatch, with an anticipated annual issuance of approximately $2 trillion in government bonds [11]. - The main holders of U.S. Treasuries include the Federal Reserve, U.S. commercial banks, U.S. residents, and foreign investors, with foreign investors being crucial for market stability [11][16]. Group 5: Scenarios for Tax Cuts and Tariffs - Four potential scenarios are outlined regarding the impact of tax cuts and tariff negotiations on the U.S. Treasury market, with the most likely scenario indicating significant downward pressure on bond prices if tax cuts proceed without resolution in tariff discussions [19][20].

Core Viewpoint - The market experienced heightened uncertainty last week, primarily due to concerns over tariffs and the U.S. debt crisis, leading to a risk-off sentiment that boosted precious metal prices while industrial metal prices showed mixed performance [1][4][20]. Group 1: Precious Metals Performance - Last week, COMEX gold rose by 4.75%, and silver increased by 3.73%, while SHFE gold and silver saw gains of 3.76% and 2%, respectively [2]. - The overall uncertainty in overseas markets, particularly related to the U.S. debt crisis and tariff threats from Trump, led to a rebound in precious metal prices [4][20]. - The upward trend for gold remains intact in the medium to long term, supported by ongoing uncertainties and the credit logic of the U.S. dollar [50]. Group 2: Copper Market Dynamics - COMEX copper prices showed a strong upward trend, increasing by 5.96%, while SHFE copper experienced a slight decline of 0.45% [2]. - Concerns over a potential 25% tariff on copper led to significant price increases, widening the price gap between regions [3][5]. - The copper market lacked significant drivers, with prices mostly oscillating within a narrow range, reflecting cautious market sentiment [5][6]. Group 3: Inventory and Positioning - COMEX gold inventory decreased by approximately 130,000 ounces, while COMEX silver inventory fell by about 547,000 ounces [35]. - SPDR gold ETF holdings increased by 3.7 tons to 922 tons, and SLV silver ETF holdings rose by 303 tons to 14,218 tons, indicating a shift in market positioning [40]. - The non-commercial long positions in COMEX gold decreased slightly, while short positions also saw a reduction, suggesting a balanced market sentiment [40].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current state and future trends of the recycled aluminum alloy industry, emphasizing the importance of aluminum alloys in the automotive sector and the challenges posed by supply constraints and production inefficiencies [2][3][4][5][10]. Industry Chain Structure - The aluminum industry chain consists of three segments: upstream (waste aluminum, A00 aluminum ingots, silicon, waste copper), midstream (recycled casting aluminum alloy production, mainly by small and medium-sized private enterprises), and downstream (70% used in automotive and motorcycle applications) [2][5]. Current Industry Status and Trends - In 2024, the recycled aluminum production is projected to reach 10.55 million tons, with casting aluminum alloys accounting for 59% (6.2 million tons) and a low capacity utilization rate of only 34%-40% [3][21]. - The industry is characterized by high capacity but low operational rates, with a tight supply of waste aluminum due to an incomplete recycling system [5][21]. New Capacity Additions - New capacity for casting aluminum alloys is expected to increase by 1.32 million tons in 2024 and 1.25 million tons in 2025, with a faster growth rate for recycled wrought aluminum [4][22]. Cost Analysis - The cost structure for ADC12 includes waste aluminum, silicon, copper, and natural gas, with waste aluminum being the largest cost component [6][66]. - The price difference between waste aluminum and primary aluminum is a critical factor, with a threshold of 1,500 RMB indicating when primary aluminum becomes more cost-effective [6][70]. Downstream Demand Trends - The penetration of new energy vehicles is expected to increase aluminum usage, but the growth rate of wrought aluminum alloys is anticipated to be faster [8][56]. Investment Logic - Short-term focus on price arbitrage opportunities between waste aluminum and ADC12, while long-term demand is supported by automotive lightweighting and electrification trends, though risks from recycled wrought aluminum substitutes should be monitored [10][56]. Waste Aluminum Industry - Domestic waste aluminum accounts for 85% of the supply, with 57% from old materials and 28% from new materials, indicating a strong reliance on domestic sources [39][40]. - The automotive sector is the largest source of waste aluminum, contributing 41% to the total supply [42]. Casting Aluminum Alloy Production Process - The production process involves pre-treatment, melting, and casting, with a focus on optimizing the physical properties of aluminum alloy ingots [44][46]. Downstream Demand for Casting Aluminum Alloys - The automotive and motorcycle industries account for approximately 70% of the downstream consumption of casting aluminum alloys, with significant potential for growth in aluminum usage due to lightweighting and electrification [54][56].

黄金又一次成为市场焦点。4月8日之后伦敦金先以几乎100美元/天的速度迈向3500美元关口，但之后的一个月陷入了快速波动期。 回首过去三年黄金里程碑式的牛市，每盎司金价从2000美元到2500美元耗时1466天，从2500美元到3000美元耗时207天，从3000美 元到3500美元仅耗时35天。 屡创新高后又出现大幅回调，黄金还能买么？ 01 黄金的传统投资者有哪些？ 据世界黄金协会统计，过去10年间全球黄金需求在4500吨-5000吨左右，其中投资需求（包括实物黄金、黄金ETF、OTC）占近一半。 投资需求主要来自四类主体——央行及主权基金、配置型机构、交易型机构、散户，过去三年这四类主体各不相同的购买节奏对应了黄金 驱动因素的变化。 今年一季度推高黄金价格的主要需求来自于黄金ETF所代表的交易型资金（机构+散户），在2022Q2-2024Q2连续九个季度净抛售后， 于2024年下半年方才重返市场，但在2025年一季度大买552吨（同比+170%）。 其次是实物黄金需求，一季度达到了325吨，高于近五年季度均值15%，来自中国地区的实物黄金需求是重要支撑。 央行购金规模的中枢在2022年三季度后明显上了一 ...