Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Continuous Hedging Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: This strategy is based on the analysis of basis convergence factors and optimization strategies, as detailed in the Cinda derivatives research report series. Adjustments are made to the settings for continuous hedging[44] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Backtesting Period**: From July 22, 2022, to December 19, 2025[45] - **Spot Side**: Holding the total return index of the corresponding benchmark index[45] - **Futures Side**: - 70% of the funds are allocated to the spot side - The remaining 30% is used for shorting futures contracts of the same nominal principal (e.g., CSI 500, CSI 300, SSE 50, CSI 1000 index futures)[45] - After each rebalancing, the quantities of the spot and futures sides are recalculated based on the product's net value[45] - **Rebalancing Rules**: - Continuously hold quarterly/monthly contracts until the remaining time to maturity is less than two days - Close the position at the closing price on that day and simultaneously short the next quarterly/monthly contract at the closing price[45] - **Assumptions**: Equal principal allocation between the spot and futures sides, excluding transaction fees, impact costs, and the indivisibility of futures contracts[45] 2. Model Name: Minimum Basis Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: This strategy selects contracts with the smallest annualized basis discount for hedging, as described in the Cinda derivatives research report series[46] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Backtesting Period**: From July 22, 2022, to December 19, 2025[46] - **Spot Side**: Holding the total return index of the corresponding benchmark index[46] - **Futures Side**: - 70% of the funds are allocated to the spot side - The remaining 30% is used for shorting futures contracts of the same nominal principal (e.g., CSI 500, CSI 300, SSE 50, CSI 1000 index futures)[46] - After each rebalancing, the quantities of the spot and futures sides are recalculated based on the product's net value[46] - **Rebalancing Rules**: - Calculate the annualized basis for all tradable futures contracts on the day of rebalancing - Select the contract with the smallest basis discount for opening a position - Hold the same contract for eight trading days or until the remaining time to maturity is less than eight days, then select a new contract[46] - **Assumptions**: Equal principal allocation between the spot and futures sides, excluding transaction fees, impact costs, and the indivisibility of futures contracts[46] --- Model Backtesting Results 1. Continuous Hedging Strategy - **CSI 500 Index Futures**: - Annualized Return: -3.42% (monthly), -2.58% (quarterly)[48] - Volatility: 3.79% (monthly), 4.69% (quarterly)[48] - Maximum Drawdown: -11.27% (monthly), -8.74% (quarterly)[48] - Net Value: 0.8886 (monthly), 0.9149 (quarterly)[48] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly), 4 (quarterly)[48] - 2025 YTD Return: -6.60% (monthly), -3.91% (quarterly)[48] - **CSI 300 Index Futures**: - Annualized Return: 0.33% (monthly), 0.69% (quarterly)[53] - Volatility: 2.89% (monthly), 3.23% (quarterly)[53] - Maximum Drawdown: -3.95% (monthly), -4.03% (quarterly)[53] - Net Value: 1.0112 (monthly), 1.0236 (quarterly)[53] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly), 4 (quarterly)[53] - 2025 YTD Return: -1.21% (monthly), 0.37% (quarterly)[53] - **SSE 50 Index Futures**: - Annualized Return: 1.02% (monthly), 1.95% (quarterly)[57] - Volatility: 2.96% (monthly), 3.36% (quarterly)[57] - Maximum Drawdown: -4.22% (monthly), -3.75% (quarterly)[57] - Net Value: 1.0350 (monthly), 1.0679 (quarterly)[57] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly), 4 (quarterly)[57] - 2025 YTD Return: 0.42% (monthly), 1.85% (quarterly)[57] - **CSI 1000 Index Futures**: - Annualized Return: -6.48% (monthly), -4.82% (quarterly)[61] - Volatility: 4.73% (monthly), 5.75% (quarterly)[61] - Maximum Drawdown: -14.00% (monthly), -12.63% (quarterly)[61] - Net Value: 0.8319 (monthly), 0.8498 (quarterly)[61] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly), 4 (quarterly)[61] - 2025 YTD Return: -12.98% (monthly), -7.87% (quarterly)[61] 2. Minimum Basis Strategy - **CSI 500 Index Futures**: - Annualized Return: -1.93%[48] - Volatility: 4.49%[48] - Maximum Drawdown: -8.75%[48] - Net Value: 0.9361[48] - Annual Turnover: 16.78[48] - 2025 YTD Return: -4.27%[48] - **CSI 300 Index Futures**: - Annualized Return: 1.09%[53] - Volatility: 3.00%[53] - Maximum Drawdown: -4.06%[53] - Net Value: 1.0376[53] - Annual Turnover: 15.01[53] - 2025 YTD Return: 0.40%[53] - **SSE 50 Index Futures**: - Annualized Return: 1.58%[57] - Volatility: 2.97%[57] - Maximum Drawdown: -3.91%[57] - Net Value: 1.0548[57] - Annual Turnover: 15.60[57] - 2025 YTD Return: 1.36%[57] - **CSI 1000 Index Futures**: - Annualized Return: -4.42%[61] - Volatility: 5.50%[61] - Maximum Drawdown: -11.11%[61] - Net Value: 0.8693[61] - Annual Turnover: 15.73[61] - 2025 YTD Return: -8.19%[61] --- Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Factor Name: Cinda-VIX - **Factor Construction Idea**: Reflects investors' expectations of future volatility in the options market, with a term structure to capture different time horizons[63] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Based on overseas methodologies, adjusted for China's on-exchange options market[63] - Captures implied volatility from options pricing to reflect market sentiment[63] - **Factor Values** (as of December 19, 2025): - SSE 50 VIX: 15.85 - CSI 300 VIX: 17.10 - CSI 500 VIX: 26.35 - CSI 1000 VIX: 19.91[63] 2. Factor Name: Cinda-SKEW - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures the skewness of implied volatility across different strike prices, capturing market concerns about tail risks[70] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Analyzes the slope of implied volatility curves for options with different strike prices[70] - Higher SKEW values indicate increased demand for out-of-the-money options, reflecting heightened tail risk concerns[70] - **Factor Values** (as of December 19, 2025): - SSE 50 SKEW: 101.20 - CSI 300 SKEW: 101.08 - CSI 500 SKEW: 102.87 - CSI 1000 SKE

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the steel industry is "Positive" [2] Core Insights - The steel sector has shown resilience with a weekly increase of 1.93%, outperforming the broader market, while specific segments like special steel and iron ore also saw gains [2][11] - Supply and demand dynamics indicate a tightening supply situation, with high furnace capacity utilization at 84.9% and a slight decrease in production [3][25] - The report highlights the potential for value recovery in the steel sector, particularly for companies with high gross margins and strong cost control [4] Supply Summary - As of December 19, the capacity utilization rate for blast furnaces among sample steel companies is 84.9%, down by 0.99 percentage points week-on-week [3][25] - Daily average pig iron production is 2.2655 million tons, reflecting a week-on-week decrease of 2.65 thousand tons [3][25] - The total production of five major steel products is 6.918 million tons, down by 3.92 thousand tons week-on-week [3][25] Demand Summary - The consumption of five major steel products reached 8.353 million tons as of December 19, a decrease of 4.44 thousand tons week-on-week [3][35] - The transaction volume of construction steel by mainstream traders is 99 thousand tons, showing a slight increase of 0.10 thousand tons week-on-week [3][35] Inventory Summary - Social inventory of five major steel products is 9.065 million tons, down by 352.6 thousand tons week-on-week, but up 18.06% year-on-year [3][44] - Factory inventory stands at 3.883 million tons, down by 2.05 thousand tons week-on-week, with a year-on-year increase of 10.75% [3][44] Price & Profit Summary - The comprehensive index for ordinary steel is 3,448.7 yuan/ton, up by 14.76 yuan/ton week-on-week [3][50] - The profit for rebar produced in blast furnaces is 42 yuan/ton, which has doubled week-on-week [3][57] - The average cost of pig iron is 2,423 yuan/ton, reflecting a week-on-week increase of 9.0 yuan/ton [3][57] Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on regional leaders with advanced equipment and environmental standards, as well as companies benefiting from the new energy cycle and high-end steel production [4] - Specific companies to watch include Shandong Steel, Hualing Steel, and Baosteel, among others, which are positioned for growth and value recovery [4]

Core Insights - The insurance sector has shown strong performance this week, driven by policy changes and market style shifts. The financial sector's trend may rotate from banks to non-bank financials, with insurance offering better valuation and potential for elasticity upon policy catalysts. If indices break through key levels, brokerage firms may also perform well [2][10][11] - The price-to-book (PB) ratio of non-bank financials has declined at a faster rate than return on equity (ROE) from 2021 to 2023, indicating significant potential for valuation recovery. Currently, non-bank financials are undervalued compared to long-term trends, and their fundamentals have shown clear recovery since hitting a low in 2024, leading to increased stock price elasticity [2][14][19] - Historical patterns from Q4 2014 suggest that low allocation in public funds and regulatory changes could lead to stronger performance in the non-bank sector. Under new public fund regulations, active fund holdings may shift towards benchmarks, allowing for capital inflow into underweighted sectors like banks and non-bank financials [2][22][23] - If indices break through resistance levels, opportunities in non-bank financials may extend to brokerage firms. Despite a bullish market over the past year, brokerage firms have underperformed due to increased market stability and reduced earnings elasticity during industry transitions. However, low valuations and strong inflows from retail and institutional investors may lead to better performance in the current bull market [2][26][27] Market Changes - This week, A-share indices showed mixed performance, with the Shanghai 50 index rising by 0.32% and the ChiNext index falling by 2.66%. Among sectors, non-bank financials led gains with a 2.90% increase, while machinery and electronics sectors faced declines [35][36] - Global stock markets also exhibited mixed results, with the FTSE 100 rising by 2.57% and the Nikkei 225 dropping by 2.61%. In the commodities market, PVC and PTA saw significant gains, while crude oil prices fell [36] - In terms of capital flows, net inflows from southbound trading (Hong Kong Stock Connect) totaled 14.737 billion yuan this week, indicating a positive sentiment towards A-shares [37]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the oil processing industry, consistent with the previous rating [1]. Core Insights - International oil prices experienced fluctuations, with Brent and WTI prices recorded at $60.05 and $56.52 per barrel respectively as of December 19, 2025, reflecting a decrease of 1.75% and 1.60% from the previous week [2][9]. - The geopolitical situation, particularly discussions around the Russia-Ukraine peace agreement and U.S. sanctions on Venezuela, has influenced market dynamics, leading to a mixed impact on oil prices [2][9]. - The oil and petrochemical sector showed resilience, with a 1.60% increase in the sector's performance compared to a 0.28% decline in the broader market (CSI 300) [10]. Summary by Sections Oil Price Review - As of December 19, 2025, Brent crude futures settled at $60.05 per barrel, down $1.07 (-1.75%), while WTI crude futures settled at $56.52 per barrel, down $0.92 (-1.60%) [2][17]. - The Urals crude price remained stable at $65.49 per barrel, while ESPO crude fell to $47.86 per barrel, down $1.77 (-3.57%) [2][17]. Offshore Drilling Services - The number of global offshore self-elevating drilling rigs increased to 375, with a net addition of 7 rigs, while floating drilling rigs rose to 131, with a net addition of 2 rigs [27]. U.S. Oil Supply - U.S. crude oil production was reported at 13.843 million barrels per day, a decrease of 10,000 barrels from the previous week [44]. - The active rig count in the U.S. decreased to 406, down by 8 rigs [44]. U.S. Oil Demand - U.S. refinery crude processing increased to 16.988 million barrels per day, with a utilization rate of 94.80%, up 0.3 percentage points from the previous week [55]. U.S. Oil Inventory - Total U.S. crude oil inventory stood at 837 million barrels, a decrease of 1.025 million barrels (-0.12%) from the previous week [62]. - Strategic oil reserves increased slightly to 412 million barrels, while commercial inventories decreased to 424 million barrels [62]. Related Companies - Key companies in the sector include China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec), and PetroChina, among others [3].

- The report focuses on the A500 index as a key tool for capturing future structural market opportunities, particularly in the context of cross-year market positioning[3][11][37] - The A500 index is highlighted for its balanced coverage of technology growth sectors (e.g., AI, high-end manufacturing) and cyclical industries with recovery potential, making it an ideal instrument for structural market trends[11][37] - Significant capital inflows into A500-related ETFs were observed, with net inflows exceeding 280 billion RMB in the past week, driven by long-term capital's forward-looking allocation strategies[11][37][59]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the oil processing industry Core Insights - The average global crude oil inventory change for 2026 is projected to be +204.90 thousand barrels per day according to IEA, EIA, and OPEC [2] - For Q4 2025, the average inventory change is expected to be +162.53 thousand barrels per day, showing a revision from previous forecasts [2] - Global crude oil supply for 2025 is forecasted at 10617.36, 10607.84, and 10470.71 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively, indicating a year-on-year increase [2] - The global crude oil demand for 2025 is estimated at 10392.25, 10393.68, and 10513.66 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively, reflecting a modest increase from 2024 [2] Summary by Sections Oil Supply - IEA, EIA, and OPEC predict global crude oil supply for 2026 to be 10865.02, 10742.59, and 10654.18 thousand barrels per day respectively, with increases from 2025 [2][35] - The Q4 2025 supply increase is projected at +414.30, +385.36, and +254.12 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively [35] Oil Demand - The demand for 2026 is forecasted at 10478.51, 10516.87, and 10651.70 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively, indicating a growth from 2025 [2][35] - The demand increase for Q4 2025 is expected to be +108.72, +130.72, and +152.22 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively [4] Oil Prices - As of December 18, 2025, Brent crude, WTI, Russian ESPO, and Russian Urals prices are reported at 59.82, 56.00, 47.94, and 65.49 USD per barrel respectively, with significant declines observed over the year [9][10] - Year-to-date price changes show Brent down by -21.22%, WTI by -23.42%, and Russian ESPO by -33.37% [9][10] Oil Inventory - The global crude oil inventory change for 2025 is projected at +225.11, +214.16, and -42.95 thousand barrels per day by IEA, EIA, and OPEC respectively, with an average increase of +132.11 thousand barrels per day [26] - The U.S. total crude oil inventory as of December 12, 2025, stands at 83658.8 thousand barrels, reflecting a slight increase [19][20]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the petrochemical industry, but it provides insights into price trends and market conditions that could influence investment decisions. Core Insights - The report highlights that the downstream stocking demand for winter is nearing its end, with polyester filament experiencing slight inventory accumulation [1]. - Domestic key refining project price spread is reported at 2540.74 CNY/ton, with a week-on-week increase of 7.17 CNY/ton (0.28%), while the international price spread is at 1303.62 CNY/ton, showing a decrease of 27.50 CNY/ton (-2.07%) [2][3]. - Brent crude oil's average price for the week ending December 19, 2025, is noted at 60.08 USD/barrel, reflecting a week-on-week decline of 3.10% [2]. Refining Sector Summary - The report discusses geopolitical factors affecting oil prices, including negotiations between Ukraine and the U.S. and sanctions on Venezuelan oil, which have led to fluctuations in international oil prices [2]. - Domestic refined oil prices have slightly decreased, with improvements in price spreads. The average prices for diesel, gasoline, and aviation kerosene are reported as 6625.29 CNY/ton, 7641.71 CNY/ton, and 5800.48 CNY/ton, respectively [15]. - The report notes that the chemical sector has seen a general decline in chemical prices, with some products experiencing smaller declines relative to cost, leading to improved price spreads [2]. Chemical Sector Summary - In the polyester sector, the report indicates that the price of PX and MEG has slightly decreased, while PTA prices remain stable. The overall price trend in the polyester industry is downward due to weak demand and increased production capacity [2]. - The report mentions that the EVA market is seeing price declines as production resumes from maintenance, with the average price reported at 9778.57 CNY/ton [50]. - The report also highlights that the price of pure benzene remains stable, while styrene prices have decreased due to weak cost support, with the average price reported at 6614.29 CNY/ton [50].

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Positive" [2] Core Insights - The European Union announced a comprehensive plan for grid upgrades, expecting to invest €1.2 trillion by 2040, with €730 billion allocated for distribution networks and €240 billion for hydrogen networks. The plan anticipates an average annual investment of €80 billion, compared to the current annual investment of €50-60 billion. This investment will cover power interconnection, energy storage, and hydrogen sectors. The EU aims to reduce industrial electricity prices to enhance the export competitiveness of its industrial products [2][3] Summary by Sections Investment Opportunities - Domestic manufacturers are well-positioned in high-voltage transmission, smart meters, and wind power, with advanced technologies. China's high-voltage technology enables large-scale, long-distance power transmission, effectively addressing energy distribution issues, making it highly competitive in overseas grid construction. The global power grid upgrade cycle is expected to significantly benefit these companies [4] Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on investment opportunities in power equipment exports and recommends companies such as Siyi Electric, Igor, Jinpan Technology, TBEA, China XD Electric, Huaming Equipment, Shunma Power, Mingyang Electric, and Samsung Medical [4]

行业点评：澳洲户储补贴加码，户储渗透率有望大幅提升 [Table_ReportDat] 2025 年 12 月 20 日 证券研究报告 行业研究 [行业Tabl事项e_ReportType] 点评 [Table_StockAndRank] 电力设备与新能源 投资评级 看好 上次评级 看好 胡琎心 电新行业首席分析师 执业编号：S1500525080001 联系电话：010-83326711 邮 箱：hujinxin@cindasc.com 姚云峰 电力设备与新能源行业联系人 联系电话：18840829584 邮 箱：yaoyunfeng@cindasc.com 澳洲储能贡献国内供应商明显增量，需求具备持续性。据 CESA 储能应用分 会数据库统计，2025 年 1-9 月，中国企业在澳大利亚储能市场那些的订单 共计 43.21GWh，占比 20.13%，成为中国企业海外储能订单第二大来源地。 今年 9 月，特斯拉能源亚太区区域总监 Josef Tadich 透露，到 2026 年底， 特斯拉将在澳大利亚投入运营约 4.5GW/12GWh 的构网型储能系统（Grid Forming BESS），并预计这一数字未 ...

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Positive" [2] Core Insights - The report highlights that the express delivery industry is experiencing a structural optimization in peak season, with leading e-commerce express companies increasing their market share [3][4] - In November, the express delivery business volume grew by 5.0% year-on-year, with cumulative physical goods online retail sales reaching 11.82 trillion yuan, a 5.7% increase [4][15] - The report emphasizes the ongoing growth potential in the express delivery sector, driven by the rise of live e-commerce and increasing online shopping penetration [7][40] Summary by Sections Industry Situation - In November, the express delivery industry saw a business volume increase of 5.0% year-on-year, with a cumulative total of 1,807.4 billion packages delivered from January to November, reflecting a 14.9% year-on-year growth [4][15] - The average package value decreased by 12.9% year-on-year to approximately 65.4 yuan [15] Company Performance - In November, the business volume for major companies was as follows: YTO Express at 2.886 billion packages, Shentong Express at 2.502 billion packages, Yunda Express at 2.175 billion packages, and SF Express at 1.534 billion packages [5][28] - SF Express's business volume growth rate was 20.13%, while cumulative growth from January to November was 27.25% [5][28] Market Share - Cumulative market share from January to November showed YTO Express at 15.6%, Shentong Express at 13.1%, Yunda Express at 13.0%, and SF Express at 8.4% [5][29] - SF Express's market share increased by 0.8 percentage points year-on-year [29] Pricing Situation - The average price per package in the express delivery industry increased by 1.9% month-on-month in November, reaching 7.62 yuan, although it was down 8.3% year-on-year [6][26] - SF Express's average price per package was 13.47 yuan in November, reflecting a month-on-month increase of 0.29 yuan [6][29] Investment Recommendations - The report recommends investing in SF Express as a leading comprehensive express logistics company, anticipating a turning point in operations and cash flow [8][41] - It also suggests looking at Zhongtong Express and YTO Express, while keeping an eye on Yunda Express and Shentong Express due to the ongoing recovery in the express delivery sector [8][41]