申港证券近日发布电力设备行业研究周报：近期，全国标准信息公共服务平台上，国家标准计划《电动 汽车用固态电池第1部分：术语和分类》已经从起草进入到了征求意见阶段。同时，《电动汽车固态电 池用固体电解质技术规范》也已启动起草。 以下为研究报告摘要： 投资摘要： 每周一谈：固态电池国标体系加速制定产业驶入规范化"快车道" 近期，全国标准信息公共服务平台上，国家标准计划《电动汽车用固态电池第1部分：术语和分类》已 经从起草进入到了征求意见阶段。同时，《电动汽车固态电池用固体电解质技术规范》也已启动起草。 《电动汽车用固态电池》系列标准拟分为4个部分进行编制。 第1部分：术语和分类。目的在于确立固态电池的术语、分类。 第2部分：性能规范。目的在于确立固态电池的性能类要求及对应的测试方法。 第3部分：安全规范。目的在于确立固态电池的安全类要求及对应的测试方法。 二是推动技术研发的规范化和产业化进程。通过建立统一的测试方法，为固态电池判定提供明确依据， 从而提升研发效率，加速技术从实验室走向规模化生产的步伐。 近年来，随着固态电池产业化进程加速，行业对于车用固态电池国家标准需求日益提升。基于以上背 景，全国汽标委电动车辆分 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the increasing attractiveness of Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) in Portugal, with a notable shift in consumer preferences towards these vehicles [2][3]. - In the first eleven months of 2025, pure electric vehicles accounted for 22.9% of new car registrations in Portugal, nearing the 25% mark for gasoline vehicles, indicating a rapid transition towards electric mobility [2]. - BYD led the Portuguese electric vehicle market with 645 registrations in November 2025, reflecting a significant year-on-year growth of 119.4%, and a total of 4,477 registrations in the first eleven months of 2025, up 90.5% from the same period in 2024 [2]. Group 2 - Tesla remains the leader in annual cumulative registrations in Portugal, but the gap with Chinese electric vehicle brands is narrowing, indicating a shift from being an alternative option to becoming a significant force in the Portuguese automotive market [2]. - The competitive advantages of Chinese electric vehicles in Portugal include quality, technology, design, and cost-effectiveness, making brands like BYD appealing to consumers [2]. - Emerging Chinese brands are also gaining traction in the Portuguese market, with registrations for Leap Motor at 210, Xpeng at 785, and Polestar at 484 from January to November last year, showcasing the growing acceptance of these brands [3].

Overall Landscape - R&D resources are increasingly concentrated among leading companies, with the top 100 firms accounting for 43.29% of total R&D investment, up nearly 2 percentage points from the previous year [1] - Huawei remains the leader in innovation for five consecutive years, with R&D investment reaching 179.7 billion yuan, the only company with over 100 billion yuan in investment [1] - BYD has risen from 12th place in 2021 to 2nd place, reflecting explosive growth in the electric vehicle sector [1] - Traditional manufacturers like Gree Electric and Great Wall Motors have seen their rankings decline, with Lenovo Group at risk of falling out of the top 100 [1] Regional Distribution - Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Hangzhou dominate the top 100 list with 63 companies, with Beijing leading at 34 [2] - The Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area have 30 and 13 companies respectively, indicating a concentration of quality innovation resources [2] - Taiwan leads in R&D intensity with an average of 6.142 billion yuan, largely driven by TSMC, which contributes 65.64% of local R&D [2] Industry Differentiation - The report categorizes 44 industries into four tiers, showing significant differentiation [3] - The trillion-yuan R&D investment tier includes strategic emerging industries like information transmission and automotive, contributing 83.73% of total R&D [3] - The pharmaceutical manufacturing sector has seen a decline in total R&D investment due to financing challenges and centralized procurement policies, despite maintaining a high average intensity of 12.38 billion yuan [3] R&D Output - The number of invention patent applications from registered companies reached 372,800, surpassing 61.38% of all applications, significantly higher than the national average of 29.58% [5] - 878 companies applied for PCT international patents, accounting for 43.27% of the national total, indicating accelerated global expansion by firms like Huawei and CATL [5] - 2,039 companies participated in the formulation of national standards, contributing to 74.89% of the total published standards, with a clear trend of shifting from traditional manufacturing to high-tech fields [5] Corporate Development - The number of companies with over 100 billion yuan in revenue has increased to 8, but the proportion of firms achieving both revenue and profit growth has dropped from 5 to 3 [6] - Despite economic pressures, 934 companies increased R&D investment to a total of 359.7 billion yuan, with a significant concentration in the STAR Market and ChiNext [6] - Industries like instrumentation and communication equipment have seen R&D investment ratios exceed 20%, while traditional sectors are showing signs of transformation [6] Policy Environment - The Chinese capital market's support for technological innovation has reached unprecedented levels, with new policies facilitating financing for unprofitable "small but specialized" companies [7] - The emphasis on "technological self-reliance" in the 15th Five-Year Plan highlights the importance of enhancing the innovation capabilities of enterprises [7] Challenges and Outlook - Chinese companies face three core challenges: narrowing profit margins, slowing growth in R&D investment, and resource misallocation [8] - Positive signals include a rebound in median R&D investment, improved patent quality, and a commitment to technology by companies despite economic downturns [8] - The transition from cost leadership to technology leadership is crucial for China's ability to achieve original innovation [8]

Core Viewpoint - BYD has surpassed Tesla to become the world's largest electric vehicle manufacturer, selling 2.26 million pure electric vehicles in 2025 compared to Tesla's 1.64 million, marking a significant shift in the global EV market dynamics [1] Group 1: R&D Investment and Workforce - BYD's revenue for the first three quarters of the year reached 566.27 billion yuan, with R&D expenses amounting to 43.75 billion yuan, representing 7.7% of its revenue [2] - The company has over 120,000 R&D personnel across 11 research institutes, with more than 50,000 recent graduates hired in the last three years, of which over 70% hold master's or doctoral degrees [4] - BYD's R&D investment has consistently ranked first among A-share listed companies, with a cumulative investment exceeding 220 billion yuan [4] Group 2: Competitive Landscape and Market Position - BYD's R&D investment is significantly higher than that of Tesla by 10.9 billion yuan, indicating a strong commitment to innovation [2] - The company has achieved a remarkable 145% year-on-year growth in overseas sales, reaching 1.049 million units in 2025, which accounts for over 22% of its total sales [9] - BYD's strong position in the battery supply chain, being the second-largest in global battery installations, gives it a competitive edge in the EV market [7] Group 3: Global Market Trends and Future Outlook - The global market share of Chinese new energy passenger vehicles reached 68.4% in 2025, with a peak of 73.7% in November, reflecting the impact of R&D investments over the past decade [6] - The geopolitical landscape poses challenges for Chinese automakers, with significant tariffs imposed by the U.S. and EU on Chinese electric vehicles, pushing companies to focus on developing markets in Southeast Asia, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East [12] - Analysts suggest that BYD has the potential to surpass Toyota in global sales, with a projected growth space of approximately 1x, contingent on the speed of EV adoption over traditional fuel vehicles [12]

Core Insights - The new energy vehicle (NEV) industry in 2025 has seen a clear division between leading brands and those lagging behind, with companies like Leap Motor, Hongmeng Zhixing, and Xiaopeng firmly establishing themselves in the top tier, while traditional automaker-backed brands struggle to gain traction [1][6][11] Group 1: Market Performance - In 2025, the top three new car brands were Leap Motor (596,555 units, +103%), Hongmeng Zhixing (589,107 units, +32%), and Xiaopeng (429,445 units, +126%) [6][7] - The second tier includes Xiaomi Auto (over 411,625 units), Li Auto (406,343 units), and Deep Blue (333,117 units), while brands like Lantu, Avita, and Zhiji lagged with sales of 150,169, 128,772, and 81,017 units respectively [6][7][8] - The overall NEV market is expected to enter a phase of slower growth and intensified competition in 2026, with significant price cuts from major players like BMW and Tesla reigniting a price war [2][5] Group 2: Brand Dynamics - The "second-generation" brands, despite their backing from established automakers, have not been able to match the performance of pure new car brands, with significant sales gaps [6][11] - However, brands like Deep Blue and Lantu have shown impressive growth rates, with Lantu achieving a 87% increase in sales [8][21] - Traditional automakers are heavily investing in these "second-generation" brands, providing them with essential resources and support to compete in the high-end NEV market [11][13][15] Group 3: Future Outlook - Predictions for 2026 indicate a potential market growth of only about 2%, significantly lower than the previous year's growth [16] - Lantu is expected to expand its product lineup significantly and is on track for an IPO, which could enhance its market position [21][23] - Deep Blue is also positioned for growth, having achieved a high completion rate of its annual sales target [21][23] - Brands like Avita and Zeekr may stabilize but face challenges in maintaining competitive pricing and market share [26][29]

Investment Highlights - The automotive market began to show an upward trend in 2020 despite the pandemic, primarily due to a year-on-year increase in industry sales and a significant turning point in the penetration rate of new energy vehicles (NEVs), which led to a notable increase in the market share of domestic brands [2][26] - The core turning point for NEV penetration was driven by the localization of Tesla, with the Model 3 quickly becoming a best-seller, and improvements in the economic viability of the supply chain leading to a diverse supply [2][36] Historical Index Trends - In May 2021, the electric vehicle logic remained strong with a penetration rate of about 10%, and demand did not weaken despite a chip shortage that began in early 2021. The market anticipated a gradual easing of supply issues by July-August [3][45] - By May 2022, the penetration rate had increased to approximately 25%, with the resumption of production in lockdown areas and the implementation of tax reduction policies, which contributed to an upward trend in the index [3][48] - In February 2024, a shift in supply-demand dynamics occurred, leading to a price war initiated by Tesla's significant price cuts. The market began to rebound, with BYD's price reduction strategy proving effective [4][51] Profitability and Valuation Changes - The profitability of the automotive sector under the NEV trend has not significantly improved compared to the traditional fuel vehicle era, as selling NEVs has not altered the industry's business model, which remains rooted in manufacturing logic [5][56] - The valuation center for the automotive sector has shifted upward, with the price-to-sales (PS) ratio moving from a maximum of 2x during the fuel vehicle era to a current center of 1x, driven by increased market share and high-end breakthroughs of domestic brands [5][57] Competitive Factors in the NEV Era - The competition among automotive companies is characterized by a focus on hard power in the early stages, with soft power becoming more relevant later. The core competitive factors have evolved through different phases, including supply chain integration, electric vehicle technology, and marketing capabilities [6][60] - The first phase (2021-2022) emphasized supply chain advantages, while the second phase (2023) shifted towards electric vehicle technology and product definition capabilities, leading to a price war [6][60] - By 2025, the growth rate of NEV penetration is expected to slow down, with the main competitive logic focusing on imitating and surpassing leading NEV companies [7][60] Stock Performance Review - A review of stock performance from 2020 to 2025 indicates that early in the NEV development phase, the market had high expectations for leading companies from the previous cycle, while later periods required identifying emerging players based on changing competitive factors [8][20] - Notable stock performances include Seres as a tenfold stock, Jianghuai with an eightfold increase, and BYD with a fivefold increase, highlighting the importance of recognizing industry trends and selecting the best-performing stocks [8][20]

1月7日，A股市场主要指数整体上涨。 截至收盘，上证指数收报4085.77点，上涨0.05%，深证成指收报14030.56点，上涨0.06%，创业板指收报3329.69点，上涨0.31%，北证50指数上涨0.22%， A股市场合计成交约2.88万亿元，已连续两个交易日超过2.8万亿元。 1.A股市场全天主力资金净流出471.98亿元 今日A股市场主力资金开盘净流出191.26亿元，尾盘净流入8.31亿元，A股市场全天主力资金净流出471.98亿元。 | | | 沪深两市近五日主力资金流向情况(亿元) | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 日期 | | | 净流入金额 开盘净流入 尾盘净流入 超大单净买入 | | | 2026-1-7 | -471.98 | -191. 26 | 8. 31 | -213.68 | | 2026-1-6 | -176. 68 | -147.71 | 18. 05 | 33. 67 | | 2026-1-5 | -62.98 | -54. 18 | 17. 34 | 90. 80 | | 2025-12-31 | -270. 79 | - ...

1月7日，A股市场主要指数整体上涨。 截至收盘，上证指数收报4085.77点，上涨0.05%，深证成指收报14030.56点，上涨0.06%，创业板指收报3329.69点，上涨0.31%，北证 50指数上涨0.22%，A股市场合计成交约2.88万亿元，已连续两个交易日超过2.8万亿元。 今日A股市场主力资金开盘净流出191.26亿元，尾盘净流入8.31亿元，A股市场全天主力资金净流出471.98亿元。 | | | 沪深两市近五日主力资金流向情况(亿元) | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 日期 | | 净流入金额 开盘净流入 | | 尾盘净流入 超大单净买入 | | 2026-1-7 | -471.98 | -191. 26 | 8. 31 | -213.68 | | 2026-1-6 | -176. 68 | -147.71 | 18. 05 | 33. 67 | | 2026-1-5 | -62.98 | -54. 18 | 17. 34 | 90. 80 | | 2025-12-31 | -270. 79 | -129.42 | -36. 63 | -63.8 ...

Group 1 - A new company, Yichang BYD Battery Co., Ltd., has been established with a registered capital of 10 million yuan [1] - The company's business scope includes the production of battery components, battery manufacturing, and the manufacturing and sales of electronic special materials [1] - Yichang BYD Battery Co., Ltd. is wholly owned by BYD's subsidiary, Fudi Battery Co., Ltd. [1]

Core Insights - BYD announced the launch of long-range versions for four models: Qin PLUS DM-i, Qin L DM-i, Seal 05 DM-i, and Seal 06 DM-i, with a pure electric range exceeding 210 km according to CLTC standards, which is double that of competing hybrid models [1] Group 1 - The new long-range versions are equipped with large-capacity plug-in hybrid dedicated blade batteries [1] - These models are set to officially launch in early January [1]