Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the paper and light industry [6] Core Viewpoints - The light manufacturing industry index increased by 3.02%, outperforming the market by 1.02 percentage points, with the paper sub-sector rising by 2.17%, also surpassing the market by 0.16 percentage points [2][13] - The report highlights that the cultural paper sector is entering an off-peak season, leading to a decline in pulp and paper prices [4] - The report recommends leading companies in the integrated forest-pulp-paper industry, such as Sun Paper (002078, Buy), and suggests focusing on leading special paper companies like Xianhe Co. (603733, Buy) and Huawang Technology (605377, Buy) [4] Summary by Sections Market Review - The light manufacturing industry index rose by 3.02%, while the paper sub-sector increased by 2.17%, ranking 9th among 28 first-level industries [2][13][20] Industry Chain Data Tracking - The report notes a decline in wood pulp product prices, with domestic waste prices slightly increasing by 1.5 CNY/ton, while foreign waste prices decreased by 5-10 USD/ton [9][24] - The average market price for finished paper products saw declines: double glue paper down by 38 CNY/ton, copper plate paper down by 45 CNY/ton, and white card paper down by 48 CNY/ton [39][40][42] Profitability Levels - Profitability in cultural paper is diverging, with small paper companies seeing an increase of 25 CNY/ton in double glue paper, while large companies experienced a decrease of 43 CNY/ton [48][49] - The profitability of packaging paper is declining, with white card paper profitability down by 20-48 CNY/ton [48][51] Production Data - The cumulative production of mechanical paper and paperboard in the first quarter of 2025 reached 38.19 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 3.8% [57] - The report indicates that the import volume of paper and paperboard decreased by 8.2% year-on-year, while the export volume increased by 10.7% [57]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the non-ferrous and steel industry [5]. Core Viewpoints - Iron ore prices have shown significant loosening, prompting continued attention to investment opportunities in the steel sector. The recent financial policies, including interest rate cuts, are expected to influence market dynamics positively [8][14]. - The steel sector has experienced a three-year adjustment period, leading to a favorable cost-performance ratio at current levels. The profitability and stability of leading enterprises have significantly improved [8][14]. Summary by Sections Macro Overview - Iron ore prices are expected to decline as steel production peaks, with domestic demand pricing becoming more relevant due to high tariffs affecting external demand [8][14]. Steel Market - The consumption of rebar has decreased significantly, with a reported consumption of 2.14 million tons, a 26.67% decrease week-on-week. The average price for rebar is 3,296 CNY per ton, reflecting a slight decrease of 0.8% [15][18][37]. - The overall steel price index has seen a minor decline of 0.71%, with cold-rolled steel prices dropping by 1.33% [37]. Industrial Metals - The copper smelting fee has deepened into negative territory, with a reported fee of -43.5 USD per thousand tons, indicating a challenging environment for copper producers [17]. Precious Metals - Gold prices are expected to continue rising due to increased demand driven by tariffs and inflation expectations. The COMEX gold price reached 3,329.1 USD per ounce, a 2.52% increase week-on-week [17]. New Energy Metals - Lithium carbonate production in March 2025 reached 71,260 tons, a year-on-year increase of 66.53%. The price for battery-grade lithium carbonate is reported at 65,700 CNY per ton [16][41].

Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods Factor Name: Liquidity - **Construction Idea**: Measures the market's preference for high-liquidity assets, reflecting the demand for stocks with higher turnover rates [9][14] - **Construction Process**: - **TO**: Average logarithmic turnover rate over the past 243 trading days - **Liquidity Beta**: Regression of individual stock turnover rates against market turnover rates over the past 243 trading days [14] - **Evaluation**: Demonstrated the highest positive return among style factors in the recent week, indicating a significant increase in demand for high-liquidity assets [9] - **Performance**: Weekly return of 5.44%, monthly return of 13.08%, and annualized return of 33.79% over the past year [11] Factor Name: Volatility - **Construction Idea**: Captures the market's preference for high-volatility stocks, reflecting risk appetite [9][14] - **Construction Process**: - **Stdvol**: Standard deviation of daily returns over the past 243 trading days - **Ivff**: Fama-French 3-factor idiosyncratic volatility over the past 243 trading days - **Range**: Difference between the highest and lowest prices over the past 243 trading days - **MaxRet_6**: Average return of the six highest daily returns over the past 243 trading days - **MinRet_6**: Average return of the six lowest daily returns over the past 243 trading days [14] - **Evaluation**: Showed a significant improvement in weekly performance, reflecting increased market risk appetite [9] - **Performance**: Weekly return of 5.03%, monthly return of 12.37%, and annualized return of 25.55% over the past year [11] Factor Name: Beta - **Construction Idea**: Represents the market's preference for high-beta stocks, indicating sensitivity to market movements [9][14] - **Construction Process**: Bayesian shrinkage of market beta [14] - **Evaluation**: Significant weekly performance improvement, indicating a strong preference for high-beta stocks [9] - **Performance**: Weekly return of 4.28%, monthly return of 12.51%, and annualized return of 33.02% over the past year [11] Factor Name: Growth - **Construction Idea**: Measures the market's preference for growth-oriented stocks, focusing on financial growth metrics [9][14] - **Construction Process**: - **Delta ROE**: Average change in ROE over the past three years - **Sales Growth**: 3-year compound growth rate of TTM sales revenue - **Na Growth**: 3-year compound growth rate of TTM net assets [14] - **Evaluation**: Improved weekly performance, reflecting increased market interest in growth stocks [9] - **Performance**: Weekly return of 1.65%, monthly return of 0.77%, and annualized return of 1.32% over the past year [11] Factor Name: Certainty - **Construction Idea**: Reflects the market's preference for stocks with higher predictability and stability [10][14] - **Construction Process**: - **Instholder Pct**: Proportion of holdings by mutual funds - **Cov**: Analyst coverage adjusted for market capitalization - **Listdays**: Number of days since the stock's listing [14] - **Evaluation**: Experienced a significant decline in weekly performance, indicating reduced confidence in certainty-based strategies [10] - **Performance**: Weekly return of -3.99%, monthly return of -9.10%, and annualized return of -17.07% over the past year [11] Factor Name: Value - **Construction Idea**: Measures the market's preference for undervalued stocks based on valuation metrics [10][14] - **Construction Process**: - **BP**: Book-to-price ratio - **EP**: Earnings yield [14] - **Evaluation**: Significant decline in weekly performance, reflecting reduced market interest in value-based strategies [10] - **Performance**: Weekly return of -4.75%, monthly return of -8.10%, and annualized return of -16.96% over the past year [11] Factor Name: Size - **Construction Idea**: Captures the market's preference for small-cap stocks [10][14] - **Construction Process**: Logarithm of total market capitalization [14] - **Evaluation**: Experienced the largest decline among style factors, indicating reduced market interest in small-cap stocks [10] - **Performance**: Weekly return of -5.96%, monthly return of -12.84%, and annualized return of -54.81% over the past year [11] --- Factor Backtesting Results Weekly Performance - **Liquidity**: 5.44% - **Volatility**: 5.03% - **Beta**: 4.28% - **Growth**: 1.65% - **Certainty**: -3.99% - **Value**: -4.75% - **Size**: -5.96% [11] Monthly Performance - **Liquidity**: 13.08% - **Volatility**: 12.37% - **Beta**: 12.51% - **Growth**: 0.77% - **Certainty**: -9.10% - **Value**: -8.10% - **Size**: -12.84% [11] Annualized Performance (Past Year) - **Liquidity**: 33.79% - **Volatility**: 25.55% - **Beta**: 33.02% - **Growth**: 1.32% - **Certainty**: -17.07% - **Value**: -16.96% - **Size**: -54.81% [11]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the non-ferrous and steel industry [5]. Core Viewpoints - Iron ore prices have shown significant loosening, prompting continued attention to investment opportunities in the steel sector. The recent financial policies, including interest rate cuts, are expected to impact the market positively. The steel sector, having undergone three years of adjustment, now presents a favorable cost-performance ratio, with leading companies showing improved profitability and stability [8][14]. Summary by Sections Macro Overview - Iron ore prices are experiencing notable loosening, with expectations that May's iron and steel production may peak. The steel mills are likely to squeeze iron ore profits, leading to potential downward feedback on prices. The domestic demand-driven pricing in the steel sector is seen as advantageous given the high tariffs affecting external demand [8][14]. Steel Market - The consumption of rebar has decreased significantly, with a reported consumption of 2.14 million tons, a 26.67% decrease week-on-week. The overall price index for common steel has slightly declined by 0.71%, with rebar prices at 3,296 CNY/ton, down 0.8% week-on-week [15][37]. Industrial Metals - The copper smelting fees have deepened into negative territory, with the current rough smelting fee at -43.5 USD/thousand tons, a decrease of 8.21% week-on-week. The production costs for electrolytic aluminum have shown mixed trends, with costs in Xinjiang slightly increasing while those in Shandong have decreased significantly [17][29]. Precious Metals - Tariffs are expected to boost demand for safe-haven assets and inflation expectations, leading to a potential rise in gold prices. As of May 9, 2025, COMEX gold prices were reported at 3,329.1 USD/ounce, reflecting a week-on-week increase of 2.52% [17][37]. Investment Recommendations - For the steel sector, it is recommended to focus on leading companies such as Shandong Steel (600022, Buy) and Jiugang Steel (002110, Not Rated). In the non-ferrous sector, investment in Northern Rare Earth (600111, Buy) and Jinchuan Group (300748, Buy) is suggested [8][17].

Investment Rating - The report gives a "Buy" rating for the company for the first time, with a target price of 25.42 CNY based on a 31x PE valuation for 2026 [3][6]. Core Viewpoints - The company is a leading supplier of high-performance rare earth permanent magnet materials, with significant growth expected in the next three years due to rapid development in the humanoid robot industry and increasing production capacity [3][10]. - The company has a strong market position in the fields of new energy vehicles, energy-efficient variable frequency air conditioning, and wind power generation, with a projected increase in market share and revenue [10][23]. Summary by Sections Company Overview - The company is a global leader in high-performance rare earth permanent magnet materials, established in 2008, and serves various sectors including new energy vehicles, industrial servo motors, and robotics [14][10]. - The company has a clear long-term strategic plan, with production capacity expected to grow from 38,000 tons in 2024 to 60,000 tons by 2027 [17][18]. Capacity and Production - The company has maintained a production capacity of 38,000 tons per year as of 2024, with plans to expand to 60,000 tons by 2027 through new projects [17][18]. - The company is positioned to lead in the industrialization of humanoid robot magnetic components, capitalizing on the growing demand in this sector [46][10]. Financial Performance - The company forecasts revenue growth from 6,688 million CNY in 2023 to 17,882 million CNY by 2027, with significant increases in net profit and earnings per share during this period [5][3]. - The operating profit is expected to rise from 619 million CNY in 2023 to 1,483 million CNY by 2027, reflecting a strong recovery and growth trajectory [5][3]. Market Position and Competitive Advantage - The company holds a market share of 30.2% in new energy vehicles, 54.4% in energy-efficient variable frequency air conditioning, and 36.5% in wind power generation, indicating a solid competitive position [10][23]. - The company has a robust R&D framework, with a consistent investment in innovation, maintaining a research and development expense ratio of around 4-5% [10][32]. Future Growth Potential - The humanoid robot market presents a significant growth opportunity, with potential demand for rare earth permanent magnet materials estimated at 90,000 tons, representing about 30% of the total demand in 2024 [10][10]. - The company is actively expanding its product offerings and market reach, particularly in the humanoid robot sector, which is expected to contribute significantly to future revenue [10][23].

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods - **Model Name**: Theoretical Pricing Model for Stock Index Futures **Model Construction Idea**: This model aims to calculate the theoretical price of stock index futures by considering the impact of dividends and risk-free interest rates under no-arbitrage conditions [35][36] **Model Construction Process**: 1. **Discrete Dividend Distribution**: - Assume the futures price at time \( t \) is \( F_t \), the spot price is \( S_t \), and the futures contract expires at \( T \). The present value of dividends during \( T-t \) is \( D \), and the risk-free rate during \( T-t \) is \( r \). - If there are \( m \) dividend payments at times \( t_1, t_2, ..., t_m \), with amounts \( D_1, D_2, ..., D_m \), the present value of dividends is: $$ \mathbf{D} = \sum_{\mathrm{i=1}}^{\mathrm{m}} \mathbf{D}_{\mathrm{i}} / (1 + \phi) $$ where \( \phi \) is the risk-free rate between two dividend payments. - The theoretical futures price is: $$ F_t = (S_t - D)(1 + r) $$ [35] 2. **Continuous Dividend Distribution**: - When dividends are distributed continuously, the model assumes the annualized dividend yield is \( d \), and the annualized risk-free rate is \( r \). The theoretical futures price is: $$ F_t = S_t e^{(r-d)(T-t)} $$ [36] Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods - **Factor Name**: Dividend Impact Factor **Factor Construction Idea**: This factor estimates the impact of dividends on stock index futures pricing by predicting the dividend points for index components and their contribution to the index [12][27] **Factor Construction Process**: 1. **Estimate Net Profit**: Use available financial data in the following order of priority: annual reports, quick reports, earnings warnings, trailing twelve-month (TTM) net profit, or analysts' forecasts [27][31] 2. **Calculate Total Dividends**: Assume the dividend payout ratio remains constant for companies with historical dividends. For companies with no prior dividends or negative profits, assume zero dividends [31] 3. **Calculate Dividend Impact on Index**: - Dividend yield: \( \text{Tax-adjusted dividends} / \text{Latest market cap} \) - Dividend points: \( \text{Stock weight} \times \text{Dividend yield} \) - Adjust stock weights using the formula: $$ w_{it} = \frac{w_{i0} \times (1 + R)}{\sum_{1}^{n} w_{i0} \times (1 + R)} $$ where \( w_{i0} \) is the initial weight, and \( R \) is the stock's return [29] 4. **Predict Impact on Futures Contracts**: Aggregate the dividend points for all components before the contract's settlement date [33] Model Backtesting Results - **Theoretical Pricing Model**: - Annualized hedging costs (excluding dividends) for May contracts: - SSE 50: 0.27% - CSI 300: 7.07% - CSI 500: 15.59% - CSI 1000: 18.88% [12][13][15][16] Factor Backtesting Results - **Dividend Impact Factor**: - Remaining impact of dividends on May contracts: - SSE 50: 0.01% - CSI 300: 0.02% - CSI 500: 0.04% - CSI 1000: 0.06% [17]

Investment Rating - The report gives a "Buy" rating for the company for the first time, with a target price of 25.42 CNY based on a 31x PE valuation for 2026 [3][6]. Core Viewpoints - The company is a leading supplier of high-performance rare earth permanent magnet materials, with significant growth expected in the next three years due to rapid development in the humanoid robot industry and increasing capacity [3][10]. - The company has a strong market position in the fields of new energy vehicles, energy-efficient variable frequency air conditioning, and wind power generation, with a projected increase in market share and revenue [10][23]. Summary by Sections Company Overview - The company is a global leader in high-performance rare earth permanent magnet materials, established in 2008, and serves various sectors including new energy vehicles, wind power, and robotics [14][10]. - The company has a clear long-term strategic plan, with production capacity expected to grow from 38,000 tons in 2024 to 60,000 tons by 2027 [17][18]. Capacity and Cost - The company is positioned to achieve significant production capacity in humanoid robot magnetic components, with a focus on optimizing the supply chain and cost structure [46][10]. - The domestic rare earth industry is expected to recover, which will enhance the company's profitability as it benefits from rising rare earth prices [10][46]. Financial Performance - The company reported a revenue of 6,688 million CNY in 2023, with a projected increase to 17,882 million CNY by 2027, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of approximately 36.6% [5]. - The net profit attributable to the parent company is expected to grow from 564 million CNY in 2023 to 1,374 million CNY in 2027, indicating a strong recovery and growth trajectory [5]. Market Position and Competitive Advantage - The company holds a significant market share in various sectors, with 30.2% in new energy vehicles, 54.4% in energy-efficient variable frequency air conditioning, and 36.5% in wind power generation [10][23]. - The company has established long-term partnerships with leading domestic and international firms, enhancing its competitive edge in the market [10][14]. Research and Development - The company maintains a stable R&D investment rate of around 4-5%, with a focus on technological innovation and product development [10][17]. - The number of R&D personnel has been increasing, which supports the company's ability to innovate and maintain its competitive position in the industry [32][10].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the company with a target price of 6.27 CNY, based on a 19 times price-to-earnings (PE) ratio for 2025 [3][6][9]. Core Views - The company is experiencing revenue and profit pressure due to weak downstream demand, leading to a downward adjustment in revenue forecasts for 2025 and 2026 [3][9]. - The company is focusing on channel optimization and structural adjustments in response to changing consumer demand and market pressures, particularly in traditional markets [8]. Financial Performance Summary - The company reported a total revenue of 6,759 million CNY in 2023, with a projected decline to 6,087 million CNY in 2024, followed by slight recovery in subsequent years [5][11]. - The net profit attributable to the parent company is expected to decrease from 574 million CNY in 2023 to 522 million CNY in 2024, with a gradual increase to 620 million CNY by 2027 [5][11]. - The earnings per share (EPS) are projected to be 0.36 CNY in 2023, decreasing to 0.33 CNY in 2024, and then gradually increasing to 0.39 CNY by 2027 [5][11]. Operational Insights - The company has completed a nationwide production capacity layout with 24 production bases and a total capacity of 493,000 tons, with ongoing construction of two additional bases [8]. - The gross margin has slightly improved to 23.4% in 2024, attributed to a decrease in raw material prices and better return rates [8]. - The company is in a channel optimization transition, focusing on expanding new retail channels such as membership supermarkets and discount stores to boost revenue and profit performance [8].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the company with a target price of 192.64 CNY [3][6][12] Core Views - The company is experiencing strong growth in high-end mobile phones and automotive CIS markets, with significant revenue increases expected in the coming years [1][11] - The diversified business layout continues to progress, with steady growth in display driver chips, power management ICs, and power discrete devices [2][11] - The company's image sensor business is benefiting from robust sales in the high-end smartphone market, with a projected revenue of approximately 9.8 billion CNY in 2024, a 26% year-on-year increase [11] - The automotive market is also showing strong growth, with revenue from automotive CIS products expected to reach about 5.9 billion CNY in 2024, a 30% increase year-on-year [11] Financial Forecasts - The company is projected to achieve net profits attributable to the parent company of 43.2 billion CNY, 54.5 billion CNY, and 64.2 billion CNY for the years 2025 to 2027 respectively, reflecting significant growth from previous estimates [3][12] - Revenue is expected to grow from 21.021 billion CNY in 2023 to 42.744 billion CNY by 2027, with a compound annual growth rate of approximately 16% [5][15] - The gross margin is anticipated to improve from 21.8% in 2023 to 32.1% by 2027, indicating enhanced profitability [5][15]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No industry investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In April, the market had a strong appetite for secondary and perpetual bonds, especially at the beginning of the month, but the secondary - market performance was not strong due to sufficient supply. After the unexpected monetary policy was implemented by the central bank at the beginning of May, the liquidity environment is expected to improve further. With the rapid recovery of wealth - management scale in April, the supply - demand relationship is also expected to improve compared to April. Under the conditions of possible improvements in liquidity and supply - demand relationship, the duration of secondary and perpetual bonds can be appropriately extended to earn higher coupon opportunities. At the same time, cases of non - redemption by weak entities are still emerging, so it is not recommended to overly focus on rural and urban commercial banks. The main exploration logic lies in the allocation of debt - resolution resources, with the bottom - line control set at large city commercial banks in central regions and individual rural commercial banks in high - quality regions [5]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 Enterprise Perpetual Bonds 3.1.1 Primary Market - The net financing amount turned positive from negative. In April, 140 enterprise perpetual bonds were issued, raising a total of 152.9 billion yuan, a 34% increase from the previous month. The repayment scale increased to 142.4 billion yuan, a 5% month - on - month increase, resulting in a net inflow of 10.5 billion yuan. The proportion of AAA - rated high - grade issuers rose to 88%. The issuance costs of AAA and AA+ issuers decreased by 35bp and 27bp respectively, while the AA - rated issuance rate increased by 57bp [5][11]. - In terms of industries, the top three industries in terms of issuance volume were public utilities, urban investment, and building decoration. Urban investment perpetual bonds were newly issued in 11 provinces, with Jiangsu having the largest financing scale of 13 billion yuan, a 78% month - on - month increase. The building decoration industry raised 23.9 billion yuan, remaining basically flat month - on - month. The public utilities industry raised 41 billion yuan, an 82% month - on - month increase [13]. - Among the 140 newly issued enterprise perpetual bonds in April, 73 were sub - bonds, with a scale of 95.4 billion yuan. The proportion of sub - bonds in terms of quantity and scale decreased to 52% and 62% respectively [15]. 3.1.2 Secondary Market - The yields of industrial and urban investment perpetual bonds declined rapidly and then fluctuated at a low level. The risk - free yield curve showed a bull - flattening trend, and the credit spreads at the short and long ends were differentiated. The short - end spreads narrowed, while the medium - and long - end spreads widened. The yields of industrial perpetual bonds fluctuated downward, with the AAA - rated 1Y yield dropping by up to 13bp. The yields of urban investment bonds across all grades and tenors declined, with the AAA - rated and AA - rated 1Y yields dropping by up to 13bp [21]. - In terms of variety spreads, the variety spreads of urban investment and industrial perpetual bonds mostly widened slightly. For urban investment bonds, except for the 1Y and 3Y variety spreads of AAA - rated bonds narrowing by 1 - 2bp, the rest widened. For industrial bonds, the 3Y and 5Y variety spreads of AA+ - rated bonds narrowed, while the rest widened, especially the AA - rated bonds [23]. - In April, the trading volume and turnover rate of enterprise perpetual bonds decreased month - on - month. After adjusting for trading days, the turnover rate was 11.25%, a 1.27 - percentage - point decrease from the previous month. The top three industries in terms of trading volume were urban investment, public utilities, and building decoration. No new cases of non - redemption of enterprise perpetual bonds occurred in April [5][28]. 3.2 Financial Perpetual and Sub - Bonds 3.2.1 Primary Market - The issuance volume of financial perpetual bonds increased significantly month - on - month. In April, 11 financial perpetual bonds were newly issued, raising a total of 86.1 billion yuan, a 36% increase from the previous month. Among them, 7 were issued by banks, and 2 each by securities firms and AMC. The total maturity of financial perpetual bonds was 67.8 billion yuan, resulting in a net inflow of 18.3 billion yuan [34]. - The issuance volume of financial sub - bonds increased slightly, with banks contributing the main share. In April, financial sub - bonds were issued worth 65.5 billion yuan, with bank secondary capital bonds accounting for 57 billion yuan and securities firm sub - bonds for 5.5 billion yuan. The total maturity was 45.2 billion yuan, resulting in a net inflow of 20.4 billion yuan [39]. 3.2.2 Secondary Market - For perpetual bonds, the spreads of most financial institutions continued to narrow in April. Except for the 4bp widening of the spread of AAA - rated insurance, the spreads of other types of institutions continued to narrow. The spread of AAA - rated banks narrowed by up to 7bp, and that of AA+ - rated banks by 5bp. In terms of bank types, the narrowing amplitude was state - owned banks ≈ joint - stock banks ≈ city commercial banks > rural commercial banks. In terms of tenors, the spreads of high - grade, short - term banks narrowed significantly, while those of low - grade, long - term banks even widened slightly [46]. - For sub - bonds, the spread of low - grade insurance capital - supplementary bonds fluctuated greatly in April, while the spreads of other institutions mostly narrowed. The spread of AAA - rated insurance capital - supplementary bonds narrowed by 7bp, while that of AA+ widened by 24bp. The spreads of bank secondary capital bonds and securities firm sub - bonds narrowed by up to 4bp, and that of bank TLAC bonds by 5bp [48]. - In April, the total trading volume and turnover rate of bank perpetual bonds declined month - on - month. The trading volumes of bank, securities, AMC, and insurance perpetual bonds were 455.9 billion yuan, 14.9 billion yuan, 8.5 billion yuan, and 16.4 billion yuan respectively. The adjusted monthly turnover rates were 18.59%, 5.13%, 15.66%, and 6.98% respectively, with the total turnover rate decreasing by 6.12 percentage points year - on - year [50]. - For sub - bonds, the trading volume and turnover rate of bank secondary capital bonds declined slightly in April. The trading volumes of bank secondary capital bonds, bank TLAC bonds, securities firm sub - bonds, and insurance capital - supplementary bonds were 797.1 billion yuan, 17.9 billion yuan, 24.2 billion yuan, and 24.1 billion yuan respectively. The adjusted monthly turnover rates all decreased, and the total turnover rate decreased by 0.98 percentage points to 16.46%. One new case of non - redemption of bank secondary capital bonds occurred in April, involving Nanchang Rural Commercial Bank [54][58]. 3.3 ABS 3.3.1 Primary Market - In April, 171 ABS projects were issued, raising a total of 174 billion yuan. The number of issuances decreased by 10% month - on - month, and the total financing amount was basically the same as in March. The primary underlying asset was personal consumer loan ABS, followed by financial leasing and specific non - financial claims. The financing scale of urban - investment - related ABS in April was 15.8 billion yuan, showing a continuous monthly increase [60]. - The issuance volume of real - estate - related ABS decreased month - on - month in April, with a total issuance of 1.6 billion yuan, all of which were supply - chain ABS. The financing costs were concentrated between 2.15% and 3.60%. In terms of bond ratings, the proportion of high - grade ABS projects remained at a historical high in April, with AAAsf - rated bonds accounting for 96% of the issuance scale. The issuance costs of all tenors decreased significantly month - on - month, with a decrease of more than 10bp for medium - and short - term bonds [63][64]. 3.3.2 Secondary Market - In April, the yields to maturity of ABS across all grades and tenors declined, with the short - end decline being greater than the long - end. The short - term credit spreads of ABS across all grades narrowed by 6 - 7bp, while the 3Y - 5Y credit spreads widened by 2 - 9bp [66]. - The secondary - market trading activity of ABS declined slightly month - on - month in April. The total secondary - market trading volume was 163.2 billion yuan. After adjusting for trading days, the turnover rate decreased by 0.72 percentage points to 5.30%. The top three underlying assets in terms of trading volume were real - estate investment trusts (Reits), personal consumer loans, and accounts - receivable ABS. There were small - scale discounted transactions of Haifa Baocheng, Xinhu Zhongbao, and Gemdale ABS in April [68].