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望远镜系列19之AmerSportsFY2025Q2经营跟踪:收入表现超预期,上调全年指引
Changjiang Securities· 2025-08-20 23:30
Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Positive" and is maintained [6] Core Insights - In FY2025Q2 (April 1, 2025 - June 30, 2025), Amer Sports achieved revenue of $1.24 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 23%, exceeding Bloomberg's consensus estimate of $1.18 billion [2][4] - Gross margin improved by 2.7 percentage points year-on-year to 58.5%, driven by better channel, regional, product, and brand mix, as well as improved discount strategies [2][4] - The net profit margin attributable to shareholders increased by 1.8 percentage points year-on-year to 1.5% due to the rise in gross margin and a decrease in expense ratio [2] Revenue Breakdown - Revenue by region: Americas +6%, EMEA +18%, Asia-Pacific +45%, Greater China +42%, with total revenues of $400 million, $280 million, $150 million, and $410 million respectively [5] - Revenue by channel: DTC (Direct-to-Consumer) +40% to $640 million, Wholesale +9% to $600 million, with DTC channel driving growth [5] - Revenue by product: Technical Apparel +23% to $510 million, Outdoor Performance +35% to $410 million, Ball & Racquet Sports +11% to $310 million, with Outdoor Performance leading growth [5] Inventory and Guidance - As of FY2025Q2, the company's inventory increased by 29% year-on-year to $1.6 billion, primarily due to increased inventory of Arc'teryx to mitigate tariff impacts and delays in air freight [10] - The company raised its full-year guidance, expecting FY2025 revenue to grow by 20% to 21% year-on-year, with Technical Apparel and Outdoor Performance projected to grow by 22% to 25% [10]
可转债周报:“反内卷”当下为何关注化工转债-20250820
Changjiang Securities· 2025-08-20 13:12
1. Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Core Views of the Report - The convertible bond market continued its upward trend this week, with the price center rising and market risk appetite recovering. The valuation structure remained differentiated, with high - priced bonds driven by elasticity and medium - and low - priced bonds being repaired. Frequent downward revision and redemption events increased the game nature. The equity market was dominated by the small - and medium - cap growth style, and funds were highly concentrated in technology mainlines such as communication and electronics, as well as rotating sectors such as machinery and non - ferrous metals. Under the accelerated market rotation, the volatility risk of high - position crowded sectors increased. It is recommended to follow the market mainline and rotation rhythm, dig out elastic varieties driven by the underlying stocks, and pay attention to sectors at the bottom of the cycle, such as the chemical industry, which have allocation value [2][6]. - The current chemical convertible bond market is in the clearing stage of the production capacity and inventory cycle, and market attention is relatively low. The underlying stocks of chemical convertible bonds generally have low valuations, and the convertible bonds themselves have both bond - like protection and price elasticity. Although the industry's overall capital expenditure has shrunk and shows an active de - stocking trend, the profitability of the sector has shown signs of improvement. It is recommended to pay attention to individual bonds with a safety margin of underlying stock valuation and profit - repair elasticity [11]. - The A - share market showed a significant small - and medium - cap growth style this week. The ChiNext Index led the rise. Although the net outflow of main funds continued, the outflow pressure eased, and market sentiment improved. In terms of industries, the differentiation intensified. Technology - growth sectors such as communication, power equipment, and electronics became the main lines, leading the market. It is recommended to pay attention to the rotation opportunities within the mainline sectors and be cautious about directions with excessive trading congestion [11]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 Chemical Convertible Bond Market Analysis - **Performance and Potential**: The chemical convertible bond market is in the clearing stage of the production capacity and inventory cycle. The underlying stocks of chemical convertible bonds are generally undervalued, and the convertible bonds have bond - like protection and price elasticity. The industry's profitability is improving, especially under the strengthening of the "anti - involution" logic, and its profit - repair potential is worth looking forward to [11]. - **Market Attention**: As of August 15, the trading volume of the chemical sector accounted for 5.9% of the total trading volume of the Wind All - A Index, at a historical percentile of 2.7% since July 23, 2010, indicating low market attention and potential allocation opportunities [19]. - **Capacity Cycle**: In the second quarter of 2025, the overall capacity utilization rate of the chemical industry was only 71.9%, at a historical low since the fourth quarter of 2016. The capital expenditure intensity of all sub - sectors in the first quarter of 2025 showed negative growth, indicating that the chemical sector is in the production capacity clearing stage [26]. - **Inventory Cycle**: The chemical sector may have entered the active de - stocking stage. Since the fourth quarter of 2024, the net profit margin has been on the rise, and the profitability of enterprises has improved [30]. - **Individual Bond Analysis**: As of August 15, 2025, 58 individual bonds in the large chemical sector were selected. The median conversion premium rate was 26.1%, and the balance - weighted average conversion premium rate was 44.2%, still having bond - like characteristics. The median market price was 133.4 yuan, slightly higher than the market median. The underlying stocks of chemical convertible bonds are still in a low - valuation range [33]. 3.2 Market Theme Weekly Review - **Equity Market**: The trading - themed stocks in the equity market were active this week. The continuous limit - up index led the rise with a weekly increase of 20.9%. The technology and high - end manufacturing fields showed a differentiated pattern, the pharmaceutical sector rose as a whole, and the military - related themes were under pressure. Short - term funds were active, and funds were highly concentrated in trading - themed stocks and technology hardware sub - directions [35][36]. - **Convertible Bond Market**: The convertible bond market continued its upward trend this week, with small - cap convertible bonds leading the way. The valuation structure remained differentiated, and the implied volatility fluctuated upward. The market style shifted to machinery and equipment and non - ferrous metals, and individual bond performance was mainly driven by the underlying stocks. It is recommended to follow the market style and pay attention to elastic varieties with strong underlying stock driving forces [11]. 3.3 Market Weekly Tracking 3.3.1 Main Index Performance - The A - share main indexes continued to be strong this week. The Shanghai Composite Index rose 1.7%, the Shenzhen Component Index rose 4.5%, and the ChiNext Index led the rise with an 8.6% increase. Small - and medium - cap stocks performed better [39]. - Although the net outflow of main funds continued, the outflow pressure eased. The average daily trading volume of the whole market was about 2.1 trillion yuan, a week - on - week increase of 0.4 billion yuan [39]. 3.3.2 Industry Performance - The A - share market showed significant structural differentiation. Sectors such as communication, power equipment, and electronics were the strongest. The consumer and cyclical sectors showed different performances within the sectors. Funds were concentrated in growth sectors such as electronics and computers [45][46]. - The trading heat of the market showed significant differentiation. The military, pharmaceutical, and machinery sectors were highly active, while the cyclical and some consumer sectors showed a decline in heat [49]. 3.3.3 Convertible Bond Market Performance - The convertible bond market continued to rise this week, with small - cap convertible bonds leading the way. The Zhongzheng Convertible Bond Index rose 1.6%, the small - cap convertible bond index rose 2.3%, the medium - cap index rose 1.6%, and the large - cap index rose 0.2%. The trading volume increased, with an average daily trading volume of about 965.0 billion yuan, a week - on - week increase of 67.0 billion yuan [52]. - The valuation of the convertible bond market was stretched overall when divided by the parity range. When divided by the market price range, the valuation showed a differentiated pattern. The implied volatility of the convertible bond market fluctuated upward, and the median price of convertible bonds rose [55][57][60]. - Most of the 25 industries in the convertible bond market rose this week. Non - ferrous metals, machinery and equipment, and non - bank finance led the rise. The trading volume was concentrated in machinery and equipment, power equipment, and basic chemicals [63]. - Most individual convertible bonds rose this week. The performance of convertible bonds was mainly driven by the underlying stocks. The convertible bonds with high increases were mostly those with high elasticity and long - term or near - maturity characteristics, while the convertible bonds with large declines were affected by the poor performance of the underlying stocks [65][68]. 3.4 Issuance and Clause Tracking - No new convertible bonds were listed this week, and one convertible bond, Kaizhong Convertible Bond, was open for subscription, with an issue size of 3.1 billion yuan and a credit rating of AA - [69]. - Four listed companies updated their convertible bond issuance plans this week, including two in the exchange - acceptance stage, one in the shareholders' meeting - approved stage, and one in the board - proposal stage [70]. - In terms of downward revisions, 5 convertible bonds announced that they were expected to trigger downward revisions, 8 announced that they would not make downward revisions, and 2 proposed downward revisions [77][78][80]. - In terms of redemptions, 15 convertible bonds announced that they were expected to trigger redemptions, 6 announced that they would not redeem in advance, and 4 announced early redemptions [81][82][86].
安琪酵母(600298):2025年中报点评:成本红利如期释放,看好公司中长期利润弹性
Changjiang Securities· 2025-08-20 10:42
Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" and is maintained [6] Core Views - The company reported a total revenue of 7.899 billion yuan for H1 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 10.1%. The net profit attributable to shareholders was 799 million yuan, up 15.66% year-on-year, while the net profit excluding non-recurring items was 742 million yuan, reflecting a 24.49% increase [2][4] - In Q2 2025, the total revenue reached 4.105 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 11.19%. The net profit attributable to shareholders was 429 million yuan, an increase of 15.35%, and the net profit excluding non-recurring items was 405 million yuan, up 34.39% [2][4] - The company experienced a significant increase in gross profit margin, which rose by 1.8 percentage points to 26.09% in H1 2025, attributed to the decline in core raw material prices [10] - The company is expected to see a gradual increase in profit elasticity due to cost benefits from falling sugar molasses prices, with projections for net profit attributable to shareholders of 1.633 billion yuan, 1.897 billion yuan, and 2.143 billion yuan for 2025, 2026, and 2027 respectively [10] Summary by Sections Financial Performance - For H1 2025, the company achieved total revenue of 78.99 billion yuan, a 10.1% increase year-on-year, and a net profit of 7.99 billion yuan, up 15.66% [2][4] - The Q2 2025 results showed total revenue of 41.05 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11.19%, with net profit reaching 4.29 billion yuan, a 15.35% increase [2][4] Regional and Business Performance - Domestic revenue for H1 2025 was 44.04 billion yuan, a 2.07% increase year-on-year, while international revenue was 34.62 billion yuan, reflecting a 22.6% increase [10] - The revenue from yeast and deep processing products was 57.54 billion yuan, up 12.38% year-on-year, while sugar products revenue decreased by 34.64% [10] Profitability and Future Outlook - The company’s net profit margin improved by 0.49 percentage points to 10.12% in H1 2025, with expectations for continued profitability improvement driven by cost reductions [10] - The company is planning to expand its yeast protein production capacity, which is expected to generate effective orders starting in 2026 [10]
圣泉集团(605589):业绩高增,电子材料放量
Changjiang Securities· 2025-08-20 10:12
Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" and is maintained [8] Core Views - The company reported a significant increase in performance, with H1 2025 revenue reaching 5.35 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.7%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 500 million yuan, up 51.2% year-on-year [5][11] - In Q2 2025, the company achieved revenue of 2.89 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 16.1% and a quarter-on-quarter increase of 17.6% [5][11] - The advanced electronic materials and battery materials sectors are experiencing substantial growth, with revenue from these segments reaching 850 million yuan in H1 2025, a 32.4% increase compared to the previous year [11] Summary by Sections Financial Performance - In H1 2025, the company achieved a revenue of 5.35 billion yuan, with a net profit of 500 million yuan, marking a 51.2% increase year-on-year [5][11] - The gross margin for H1 2025 was 24.8%, an increase of 1.66 percentage points year-on-year, driven by a higher proportion of high-end products [11] Product Development - The company has successfully replaced imported materials in the electronic materials sector, increasing its market share [11] - The company is advancing its development of ultra-low loss materials and has plans to issue convertible bonds to fund the "Green New Energy Battery Material Industrialization Project" [11] Market Position - The company is a leader in synthetic resin, with stable profit contributions from this segment, while the electronic chemicals and biomass chemical sectors present significant growth opportunities [11] - The Daqing biomass project is operating stably, achieving a production balance across its products [11] Future Outlook - The company is expected to see significant performance contributions from its PPO, porous carbon, and biomass projects, with projected revenues of 1.34 billion yuan, 1.74 billion yuan, and 2.25 billion yuan for the years 2025 to 2027 respectively [11]
国瓷材料(300285):多领域拓展,新材料前景可观
Changjiang Securities· 2025-08-20 10:12
Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" and is maintained [10]. Core Views - The company reported a revenue of 2.15 billion RMB for the first half of 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 10.3%. The net profit attributable to shareholders was 330 million RMB, with a year-on-year change of 0.4% [2][7]. - The company is actively expanding into new fields of ceramic materials, with six major business segments including electronic materials, catalytic materials, biomedical materials, new energy materials, precision ceramics, and others. The products are applied in various sectors such as electronic information, automotive, industrial catalysis, biomedical, new energy vehicles, semiconductors, and digital printing [7][12]. - The company maintains high R&D investment, continuously developing new products and fields. The gross margin and net margin for Q2 2025 were 39.6% and 19.1%, respectively, with a R&D expense ratio of 6.1% [7][12]. Summary by Sections Financial Performance - In Q2 2025, the company achieved a revenue of 1.18 billion RMB, with a year-on-year increase of 4.7% and a quarter-on-quarter increase of 21.0%. The net profit for the same period was 200 million RMB, showing a year-on-year decrease of 0.6% but a quarter-on-quarter increase of 44.3% [2][7]. - The company plans to distribute a cash dividend of 0.50 RMB per 10 shares to all shareholders [2][7]. Business Expansion - The electronic materials segment saw a revenue of 340 million RMB in H1 2025, up 23.65% year-on-year, driven by demand recovery in consumer electronics and growth in automotive electronics and AI servers [12]. - The catalytic materials segment generated 460 million RMB in revenue, a year-on-year increase of 12.34%, as the company deepens cooperation with major commercial vehicle clients [12]. - The biomedical segment reported a slight decline in revenue to 440 million RMB, down 0.11% year-on-year, while the new energy segment achieved a revenue of 220 million RMB, up 26.36% year-on-year [12]. Future Outlook - The company expects net profits to reach 670 million RMB, 820 million RMB, and 1.01 billion RMB for the years 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively [12].
零跑汽车(09863):点评:规模效应持续带动盈利提升,二季度业绩再超预期
Changjiang Securities· 2025-08-20 10:11
Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" and is maintained [5]. Core Views - The company focuses on self-research to create cost advantages, resulting in an excellent price-performance ratio, with products covering a price range of 50,000 to 200,000 CNY. For Q2 2025, revenue reached 14.23 billion CNY, with a gross margin of 13.6% and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 160 million CNY. The domestic new car cycle is expected to drive continuous sales growth, while collaboration with Stellantis opens up global sales opportunities [2][4][6]. Summary by Sections Company Performance - In Q2 2025, the company achieved a sales volume of 134,000 units, representing a year-on-year increase of 151.7% and a quarter-on-quarter increase of 53.2%. Revenue for the same period was 14.23 billion CNY, up 165.5% year-on-year and 42.0% quarter-on-quarter. The average revenue per vehicle was 106,000 CNY, with a year-on-year increase of 6,000 CNY [6]. Profitability - The gross margin for Q2 2025 was 13.6%, an increase of 10.9 percentage points year-on-year, while it decreased by 1.2 percentage points quarter-on-quarter. The improvement in gross margin was attributed to scale effects, cost reduction, product structure optimization, and income from other businesses. The net profit attributable to shareholders was 160 million CNY, marking a turnaround from loss, with a profit margin of 1.1% [6]. Future Outlook - The company is expected to sell 620,000, 910,000, and 1,210,000 vehicles in 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively. The company plans to launch 2-3 new products globally each year, with the B10 and B01 already launched in 2025. The company aims to achieve localized manufacturing in Europe by 2026 [4][6].
怡合达(301029):利润率提升,积极布局成长空间
Changjiang Securities· 2025-08-20 10:11
Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" and is maintained [10]. Core Insights - The company reported a revenue of 1.461 billion yuan for the first half of 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 18.70%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 282 million yuan, up 26.49% year-on-year. For Q2 2025, the revenue was 841 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 21.79%, and a net profit of 160 million yuan, also up 26.50% year-on-year [2][7]. - The main drivers for revenue growth in the first half of the year were the new energy and automotive sectors, which saw increases of 53.17% and 53.25% respectively. The 3C mobile phone segment experienced a decline of 4.12%, while the semiconductor sector grew by 28% [12]. - The company has strengthened its one-stop procurement service and made significant progress in the automation of its FB business, enhancing supply chain management capabilities and increasing product variety [12]. - The company is steadily advancing its global business strategy, with overseas revenue reaching 5.1818 million yuan in the first half of 2025, a year-on-year increase of 126% [12]. Financial Performance - The gross profit margin for Q2 was 39.83%, an increase of 3.72 percentage points year-on-year, while the net profit margin was 19.02%, up 0.7 percentage points year-on-year [12]. - The company expects net profits attributable to shareholders to reach 530 million yuan, 640 million yuan, and 772 million yuan for 2025, 2026, and 2027 respectively, corresponding to P/E ratios of 33, 27, and 22 times [12].
宏发股份(600885):经营保持较快增长,部分下游加速
Changjiang Securities· 2025-08-20 10:11
Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the company [6][7]. Core Insights - The company reported a revenue of 8.35 billion yuan for the first half of 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 15.4%. The net profit attributable to shareholders was 0.96 billion yuan, up 14.2% year-on-year, while the net profit excluding non-recurring items reached 0.93 billion yuan, reflecting a 17.8% increase year-on-year [2][4][11]. - In Q2 2025, the company achieved a revenue of 4.36 billion yuan, a 15.5% increase year-on-year and a 9.6% increase quarter-on-quarter. The net profit attributable to shareholders for the quarter was 0.55 billion yuan, up 13.2% year-on-year and 34.5% quarter-on-quarter [2][4][11]. Revenue Analysis - For the first half of 2025, the company's revenue from relay products was 7.614 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 17.3%, while revenue from electrical products was 0.386 billion yuan, down 4.6% year-on-year. The growth in relay product revenue is attributed to strong demand in high-voltage direct current, new energy, automotive, signal, and industrial relays [11]. - Geographically, domestic revenue reached 5.659 billion yuan, up 20.1% year-on-year, while international revenue was 2.370 billion yuan, an increase of 7.4% year-on-year [11]. Profitability Metrics - The gross margin for the first half of 2025 was 34.24%, a decrease of 0.47 percentage points year-on-year. In Q2 2025, the gross margin was 34.67%, showing a slight increase of 0.04 percentage points year-on-year and a 0.90 percentage point increase quarter-on-quarter [11]. - The gross margin for relay products was 35.25%, down 0.83 percentage points year-on-year, while the gross margin for electrical products was 28.09%, up 0.18 percentage points year-on-year [11]. Expense Management - The total expense ratio for the first half of 2025 was 16.34%, a decrease of 1.43 percentage points year-on-year. The sales expense ratio was 2.95%, down 0.16 percentage points; the management expense ratio was 9.01%, down 0.26 percentage points; the R&D expense ratio was 4.53%, down 0.13 percentage points; and the financial expense ratio was -0.14%, down 0.87 percentage points [11]. - In Q2 2025, the total expense ratio was 15.16%, a decrease of 1.30 percentage points year-on-year and 2.48 percentage points quarter-on-quarter, primarily due to a significant decline in financial expenses [11]. Cash Flow and Balance Sheet - The company's operating net cash flow for the first half of 2025 was 0.835 billion yuan, a decrease of 14.8% year-on-year. In Q2 2025, the operating net cash flow was 1.338 billion yuan, an increase of 9.3% year-on-year and a positive turnaround quarter-on-quarter [11]. - As of the end of Q2 2025, inventory stood at 3.082 billion yuan, up 20.0% year-on-year, and the debt-to-asset ratio was 37.40%, a decrease of 1.34 percentage points year-on-year [11].
立邦中国2025年二季度业绩点评:两大龙头经营分化,市场格局正在重塑
Changjiang Securities· 2025-08-20 09:56
Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Positive" and maintained [8] Core Insights - The report highlights a divergence in operations between the two leading companies, Nippon Paint China and Three Trees, as the market landscape is being reshaped [6][10] - Nippon Paint China's sales revenue for Q2 2025 was 117.7 billion JPY, equivalent to 5.8 billion RMB, representing a year-on-year decline of 14%. However, operating profit was 18.5 billion JPY, approximately 910 million RMB, showing a year-on-year increase of 3% [2][6] - The report indicates that Nippon Paint's architectural coatings revenue faced significant pressure, while automotive coatings experienced growth [10] Summary by Sections Sales Performance - Nippon Paint's Q2 sales revenue was approximately 5.8 billion RMB, down 14% year-on-year, with architectural coatings revenue around 4.8 billion RMB, down 18%. In contrast, automotive coatings revenue grew by 19% year-on-year [10][6] - Over the past five quarters, Nippon Paint's architectural decorative coatings revenue growth rates were 6%, 2%, 5%, 3%, and -18%, while Three Trees' wall coatings revenue growth rates were 2%, -6%, -8%, 7%, and 4% [10] Profitability - Nippon Paint's Q2 operating profit margin was 14.0%, up 2.4 percentage points year-on-year, primarily due to price increases and a decrease in raw material costs. However, the margin decreased by 0.8 percentage points quarter-on-quarter [10] - Three Trees showed a more significant improvement in profitability, with a Q2 operating profit margin of approximately 11.5%, up 7.6 percentage points year-on-year and 5.8 percentage points quarter-on-quarter [10] Growth Targets - Nippon Paint has revised its growth targets for 2025, lowering the actual revenue growth target from 5-10% to 0-5%. The retail segment target was adjusted from 10% to 0-5%, while the engineering segment target was revised from 5% to a decline of 10-15% [10] - Conversely, the revenue target for automotive coatings was raised from 10% to 20% growth [10] Strategic Recommendations - The report continues to recommend Three Trees as a leading player, noting its revenue and profitability growth against the trend, attributed to its strategic adaptability and new business models [10]
建发合诚(603909):建发房产拿地积极,公司业绩提升显著
Changjiang Securities· 2025-08-20 09:45
Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" and is maintained [9] Core Views - The company achieved operating revenue of 3.393 billion yuan in the first half of 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 7.67%. The net profit attributable to shareholders was 45 million yuan, up 32.33% year-on-year, while the net profit after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was 41 million yuan, reflecting a growth of 32.46% year-on-year [2][6] Summary by Sections Company Performance - In the first half of 2025, the company reported a significant improvement in profitability, with a comprehensive gross margin of 4.99%, a slight decrease of 0.10 percentage points year-on-year. The second quarter saw a gross margin of 5.07%, down 0.36 percentage points year-on-year. The company effectively controlled its operating expenses, with a total expense ratio of 2.33%, down 0.28 percentage points year-on-year [12] Cash Flow and Debt Management - The company's operating cash flow turned positive in the first half of 2025, with a net inflow of 52 million yuan, and a cash collection ratio of 89.80%, an increase of 4.71 percentage points year-on-year. In the second quarter alone, the net inflow was 288 million yuan, significantly higher than the previous year [12] Land Acquisition and Business Expansion - The company maintained an active land acquisition strategy, with a total land acquisition amount of 36.4 billion yuan in the first seven months of 2025, a year-on-year increase of 9.7%. The area acquired was 1.74 million square meters, up 6.2% year-on-year. The company is expanding its business into key economic regions such as the Greater Bay Area and Yangtze River Delta [12] Contract Signing and Revenue Growth - The company signed new contracts worth 5.05 billion yuan in the first half of 2025, a year-on-year increase of 48%. The engineering construction business saw a remarkable growth in new contracts, amounting to 4.593 billion yuan, up 56% year-on-year, driven by the expansion of land reserves by the controlling shareholder [12] Strategic Management and Future Outlook - The company is focusing on enhancing its market value management, which may accelerate the transformation and upgrading of its main business. The management has indicated plans for capital operations to seek complementary enterprises or assets for mergers and acquisitions, aiming to boost new technologies and products [12]