Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the industry investment rating is provided in the report. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Guangxi has obvious resource endowment advantages but faces challenges such as lower - than - national - average GDP growth, a relatively heavy debt burden, and low urbanization rates. In 2024, the economy maintained growth with foreign trade as the main driver, and the government actively promoted debt resolution, achieving certain results [4]. - There are significant disparities in economic strength among prefecture - level cities in Guangxi. Nanning leads in economic development, population, and urbanization, while Liuzhou faced economic growth pressure in 2024. Most cities' comprehensive financial resources rely highly on superior subsidies due to the downturn in the real estate market [4][21]. - Guangxi's bond - issuing urban investment enterprises are mainly at the prefecture - level city level, with concentrated bonds in Liuzhou, Nanning, and provincial - level enterprises. In 2024, the debt term structure slightly improved, but short - term solvency was weak, and regional financing capabilities were polarized [4]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs I. Guangxi's Economic and Fiscal Strength 1. Guangxi's Regional Characteristics and Economic Development - Guangxi has rich natural resources and a unique strategic position. It is an important gateway for opening up to ASEAN and a core hub of the New Western Land - Sea Corridor. The modern three - dimensional transportation pattern is initially formed, and infrastructure construction will be further promoted in the "14th Five - Year Plan" and "15th Five - Year Plan" periods [5][6]. - In 2024, Guangxi's economic aggregate was at a medium - low level nationwide, with a lower - than - national - average GDP growth rate, a low - ranking per capita GDP, and a low urbanization rate. The industrial structure remained stable, and foreign trade was the main driver of economic growth. The government continued to improve infrastructure and deepen economic and trade cooperation with ASEAN countries in 2025 [5][9]. 2. Guangxi's Fiscal Strength and Debt Situation - In 2024, Guangxi's general public budget revenue increased slightly, with weak fiscal self - sufficiency. Government - funded revenues continued to decline, and the central government provided strong support through transfer payments. Government debt balances continued to grow, and the debt ratio and liability ratio ranked in the upper - middle level nationwide, indicating a relatively heavy debt burden [17]. II. Economic and Fiscal Conditions of Prefecture - Level Cities in Guangxi 1. Economic Strength of Prefecture - Level Cities in Guangxi - There are significant disparities in economic strength among prefecture - level cities in Guangxi. Nanning leads in GDP, population, and urbanization. Liuzhou's economic growth was under pressure in 2024. Most cities' per capita GDP is lower than the national average, and the proportion of the primary industry is generally high [21][25]. - The Beibu Gulf Economic Zone and the Xijiang Economic Belt have better industrial bases. Each city develops relevant industries based on its own resource advantages [23]. 2. Fiscal Strength and Debt Situations of Prefecture - Level Cities in Guangxi - Fiscal Revenues: General public budget revenues vary greatly among cities, with Nanning having the highest. Most cities' fiscal self - sufficiency is weak. Government - funded revenues of most cities decreased due to the real estate market downturn, and superior subsidies contribute significantly to the comprehensive financial resources of most cities [27][28][30]. - Debt Situations: In 2024, the government debt balance of Guangxi increased by 16.01% year - on - year, and the debt balances of all prefecture - level cities rose. Except for Guilin, the debt ratios of other cities increased, and the debt ratios of Liuzhou, Laibin, and Qinzhou exceeded 200% [33]. 3. Debt Management Policies and Measures - Since 2024, Guangxi has promoted local debt resolution through various means such as special refinancing bonds, financial institution support, and asset revitalization, achieving certain results. Liuzhou's debt structure has been significantly optimized [35]. III. Debt Repayment Ability of Urban Investment Enterprises in Guangxi 1. Overview of Urban Investment Enterprises in Guangxi - As of the end of September 2025, there were 50 bond - issuing urban investment enterprises in Guangxi, mainly at the prefecture - level city level, concentrated in Liuzhou and Nanning [40]. 2. Bond - Issuing Situations of Urban Investment Enterprises in Guangxi - In 2024, the bond - issuing scale of urban investment enterprises in Guangxi decreased by 12.18% year - on - year, mainly for debt replacement, and was concentrated in Liuzhou and provincial - level enterprises. From 2024 to the first three quarters of 2025, the net repayment scale of urban investment bonds in Guangxi narrowed, but Liuzhou's net repayment scale remained large [41][43]. 3. Analysis of Debt Repayment Ability of Urban Investment Enterprises in Guangxi - At the end of 2024, the total debt of urban investment enterprises in Guangxi increased slightly, with relatively heavy debt burdens on provincial - level, Liuzhou, Guilin, and Hechi enterprises. The debt term structure slightly improved, but short - term solvency indicators were weak. Regional financing capabilities were polarized [45]. 4. Support and Guarantee Ability of Fiscal Revenues of Prefecture - Level Cities in Guangxi for the Debts of Bond - Issuing Urban Investment Enterprises - Limited by economic and fiscal strength, most prefecture - level cities in Guangxi have small bond - issuing scales for urban investment enterprises. The "total debt of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises + local government debt" in Nanning and Liuzhou is large, and in Liuzhou, this ratio to comprehensive financial resources is close to 800%, indicating high regional debt pressure [53].

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The science - innovation bond market in China has witnessed rapid development under policy impetus, with continuous expansion in scale and diverse industry distribution of the science - innovation sector. The future development potential is enormous. The predicted issuance scale of science - innovation bonds for sample companies exceeds 50 billion yuan, and the issuance willingness of technology - based enterprises is expected to increase. However, different science - innovation industries have significant differences in credit risk characteristics, and attention should be paid to science - innovation enterprises with weak growth, average profitability, and heavy debt pressure [2][61]. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs I. Overview of the Science - Innovation Bond Market - **Development Stages**: The science - innovation bond market in China has gone through three stages: the "Double - Innovation Bond" stage (starting in 2015), the "Science - Innovation Corporate Bond and Science - Innovation Note" stage (starting in 2022), and the "Science - and - Technology Innovation Bond" stage (starting in May 2025) [4][5]. - **Issuance Scale**: Since 2021, the issuance scale and number of science - innovation - related bonds have been growing. In 2025 from January to September, the issuance scale reached 1.180853 trillion yuan, with 992 bonds issued, a year - on - year increase of 113.28% and 81.35% respectively. As of the end of September 2025, the market scale of science - innovation bonds reached 2.89 trillion yuan, accounting for 5.59% of the credit - bond stock in terms of scale and 5.42% in terms of number [5]. - **Participation of Entities**: The participation of private and low - credit - rating entities is relatively low. In 2025 from January to September, among the 548 issuers of 992 science - innovation bonds, AAA - rated entities accounted for 67.88%, AA + - rated entities accounted for 22.45%, and AA - rated and below entities accounted for 9.67%. In terms of enterprise nature, local state - owned enterprises accounted for 57.66%, central state - owned enterprises accounted for 23.91%, and private enterprises accounted for 10.58%. The reasons include investor preference, low credit levels of private enterprises, and lack of effective credit enhancement measures [7]. II. Analysis of the Possibility of Technology - Based Enterprises Issuing Science - Innovation Bonds - **Issuance Capacity**: Using the average ratio of the scale of corporate bonds issued in the public market in 2024 to the ending owners' equity of the issuing entities (18.57%) as the upper limit of bond issuance, the predicted issuance scale of science - innovation bonds for 1032 sample companies exceeds 50 billion yuan. However, as of October 21, 2025, the actual issuance scale of bonds by these sample companies was 6.2645 billion yuan, and the scale of science - innovation bonds was only 390 million yuan, far lower than the predicted value, indicating large issuance potential [10][13]. - **Issuance Willingness**: Policy support provides opportunities for technology - based enterprises. Policies have expanded the scope of issuers, optimized the review process, and reduced costs. The improvement of market liquidity, infrastructure, and the long - term capital gap of technology - based enterprises, along with the limitations of traditional financing, are expected to enhance the issuance willingness of technology - based enterprises [17][20][21]. III. Analysis of Credit Risk Characteristics of Technology - Based Enterprises (1) Analysis of Industry Credit Risk Characteristics - **Information Technology Industry**: Sub - sectors face risks such as strong cyclical fluctuations, technological iteration, and geopolitical impacts on the supply chain. Hardware device sub - sectors like consumer electronics, communication equipment, and semiconductors have their own specific risks, and the software service sector has risks related to human capital and project - driven models [23]. - **Biopharmaceutical Industry**: It has "high - uncertainty" credit risks dominated by the R & D cycle. Under the policy of medical insurance cost control, the industry will continue to分化. The core of the credit risk lies in the R & D and clinical risks, patent and market monopoly risks, regulatory and policy risks, and financing and liquidity risks [30]. - **High - end Equipment Manufacturing Industry**: It is capital - and technology - intensive, and the credit risk is "asset + order" dual - driven. The credit risk of enterprises depends on the advancement of equipment, production capacity, and market orders [31]. (2) Analysis of Financial Risk Characteristics - **Information Technology Industry**: The semiconductor sub - sector shows high growth, high profitability, and low debt levels, but there is internal differentiation. The hardware device sub - sector has moderate revenue growth and profitability but relatively high debt levels. The software service sub - sector has slow revenue growth, extremely weak profitability, and serious internal differentiation, and faces greater financial risks [36]. - **Biopharmaceutical Industry**: The overall financial performance is relatively stable, but there is significant internal differentiation. Most enterprises have strong profitability, while some are in the R & D or market - introduction stage and rely on a single product or technology transformation for profit. Enterprises with R & D setbacks and heavy debt burdens face higher re - financing and liquidity risks [49]. - **High - end Industrial Industry**: The overall fundamentals are stable, with moderate revenue growth, differentiated profitability, and weak debt - repayment safety margins. Some enterprises have excessive debt and high supply - chain capital occupation, and face re - financing and liquidity risks [56]. IV. Summary - **Market Development**: The science - innovation bond market has developed rapidly and has great potential. Although the participation of private and low - credit - rating entities needs to be improved, the market is expected to expand further with policy support and infrastructure optimization [61]. - **Credit Risk Differences**: Different science - innovation industries have significant differences in credit risk characteristics. Some enterprises in advanced semiconductor manufacturing, communication equipment related to artificial intelligence and computing power, consumer electronics, biopharmaceuticals, and high - end equipment manufacturing have higher development potential and credit levels [62]. - **Attention to Specific Enterprises**: Attention should be paid to science - innovation enterprises with weak growth, average profitability, and heavy debt pressure, such as those in the software service and biopharmaceutical industries [64].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Benefiting from the debt - resolution policy tilt towards key provinces, the release of special refinancing bonds and special new special bond quotas, and the orderly progress of debt - resolution measures such as debt extension, interest rate cuts, and replacement of financing platforms, the overall debt risk in Guizhou Province has been further mitigated. The debt scale of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises has continued to decline, and the financing structure has improved, but short - term solvency and liquidity still face significant pressure, and the net financing amount shows obvious regional differentiation. - In the short term, the debt resolution of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises in Guizhou Province still relies on the "combination punch" of debt - resolution policies to reduce debt risks, with obvious regional differentiation and greater difficulty in improving the financial fundamentals of tail - end regions. In the long run, urban investment enterprises need to "develop while resolving debts and resolve debts while developing", promoting high - quality economic development through optimizing the investment structure and expanding domestic demand to create conditions for debt resolution [4]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Guizhou Province's Debt Control Situation - In 2024, Guizhou's debt ratio continued to rise, with Guiyang, Zunyi, and Liupanshui exceeding the provincial average. The overall debt risk was further mitigated due to policy support and debt - resolution measures [5]. - From the end of 2022 to 2024, Guizhou's comprehensive financial resources continued to grow, but the growth rate dropped significantly in 2024. Government debt balance increased, while the debt balance of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises decreased. Both the government debt ratio and the broad - sense government debt ratio continued to rise [5]. - By the end of 2024, government debt in Guizhou was mainly concentrated in the provincial - level, Guiyang, and Zunyi, accounting for 50.43% of the total. Liupanshui, Tongren, and Qianxinan had relatively fast - growing government debt balances. Most prefecture - level cities' government debt ratios exceeded 160%, and some cities' broad - sense government debt ratios were above the provincial average [6]. - In 2024, a series of debt - resolution policies were introduced. Guizhou received 352.8 billion yuan of the new local government debt quota from the central government for debt replacement, and 800 billion yuan was allocated annually from new local government special bonds for five years starting from 2024. From 2024 to September 2025, Guizhou issued 226.843 billion yuan of special refinancing bonds and 64.99 billion yuan of special new special bonds [8]. - The provincial and local governments actively promoted debt - resolution work. Various cities and counties achieved certain results, such as some areas changing their debt risk levels and reducing debt ratios [9][10][11]. 3.2 Changes in Financial Indicators of Urban Investment Enterprises in Guizhou Province Investment - From 2024 to the first half of 2025, the investment growth of Guizhou's urban investment enterprises further slowed down, and the investment structure continued to be adjusted, but the proportion of urban - construction assets was still much higher than the national average. The investment scale of provincial - level and Guiyang's urban investment enterprises increased, and most prefecture - level cities still mainly invested in urban - construction assets, while Anshun and Tongren had relatively high proportions of self - operated assets, equity, and fund - type investments [12][13]. - From 2022 to the end of June 2025, the overall investment scale of urban investment enterprises continued to grow, but the growth rate slowed down from 2.29% at the end of 2022 to 0.11% at the end of June 2025. The scale of urban - construction assets fluctuated and decreased, while self - operated assets and equity and fund - type investments fluctuated and increased. As of the end of June 2025, urban - construction assets accounted for 72.73%, self - operated assets 19.34%, and equity and fund - type assets 7.94% [15]. - Regionally, provincial - level, Guiyang, Tongren, and Qianxinan's urban - construction asset investments increased, while Bijie and Zunyi had significant declines. In terms of self - operated asset investment, provincial - level, Anshun, Qiannan, and Qianxinan had growth rates exceeding 5%. In terms of equity and fund - type investment, except for Zunyi, provincial - level, Guiyang, and Liupanshui had growth, and Qiannan's total investment decreased the most at the end of June 2025 [16]. 回款 - From 2024 to the first half of 2025, the accounts receivable scale of Guizhou's urban investment enterprises continued to expand, but the growth rate slowed down, and the cash - income ratio remained at a high level. Guiyang, Zunyi, Liupanshui, and Bijie had large accounts receivable scales, with Zunyi's decreasing and Guiyang's growing rapidly. In 2024, Bijie's回款 was poor, while provincial - level, Guiyang, Zunyi, and Qianxinan had relatively good回款 [18]. - From 2022 to the end of June 2025, the accounts receivable scale of urban investment enterprises continued to grow, but the growth rate slowed down. The cash - income ratio was above 85%. At the end of June 2025, Guiyang, Zunyi, Liupanshui, and Bijie had accounts receivable exceeding 20 billion yuan, accounting for 73.25% of the total. In 2024 - 2025, Zunyi's accounts receivable decreased, and Bijie's cash - income ratio was less than 30% [21][22]. Fund - raising - In 2024, the fund - raising activities of Guizhou's urban investment enterprises showed a net inflow, but the scale was much narrower than in 2022 due to restricted new financing. There was obvious regional differentiation, with provincial - level and Guiyang having large net inflows, while Zunyi, Liupanshui, Tongren, and Qiandongnan had continuous net outflows, and Zunyi's net outflow exceeded 10 billion yuan in 2024 [23]. - From 2022 - 2024, the cash inflow from fund - raising activities decreased significantly, and the cash outflow fluctuated and decreased. In 2024, provincial - level, Guiyang, and Zunyi had large inflows, and provincial - level, Bijie, Anshun, and Qiannan had growth rates exceeding 20%. Provincial - level, Guiyang, Bijie, Anshun, and Qiannan had net inflows, while others had net outflows. From January - June 2025, only provincial - level and Liupanshui had net inflows [26][27]. Interest - bearing Debt - From 2024 to the first half of 2025, the debt scale of Guizhou's urban investment enterprises continued to decline, with debt concentrated in provincial - level, Guiyang, Zunyi, and Liupanshui. Provincial - level debt increased, while Zunyi and Liupanshui had significant declines. The overall short - term debt ratio changed little, and the short - term debt ratios of provincial - level, Bijie, Liupanshui, and Tongren decreased to a low level. The financing structure was still dominated by bank loans, with bond financing decreasing and other financing increasing [28]. - From 2024 - June 2025, the debt scale of urban investment enterprises continued to decline. At the end of June 2025, provincial - level, Guiyang, Zunyi, and Liupanshui had high debt scales, accounting for 78.13% of the total. In 2024, provincial - level and Tongren's debt increased, while others decreased. At the end of June 2025, Liupanshui and Qianxinan's debt increased slightly, while others decreased [31]. - The debt term structure was mainly long - term debt, and the short - term debt ratio was 21.83% at the end of June 2025. Provincial - level, Bijie, Liupanshui, and Tongren's short - term debt ratios were below 20%, and Qiandongnan's was the highest at 28.88% [32]. - From 2022 - 2024, bank loans and bond financing decreased, while other financing increased. Bank loans and other financing accounted for 67.22% and 13.89% respectively, and bond financing accounted for 18.89%. Regionally, provincial - level and Guiyang's bank loans increased, and most cities' bond financing decreased. Tongren and Zunyi's other financing grew rapidly, while Zunyi and Anshun's decreased slightly [33]. Solvency - At the end of June 2025, the overall debt ratio of Guizhou's urban investment enterprises decreased, but the cash - to - short - term - debt ratio dropped to a low level. Regionally, Tongren's debt ratio was high, and Zunyi, Bijie, and Anshun faced great short - term solvency pressure [35]. - From 2022 - June 2025, the overall asset - liability ratio increased, the total debt capitalization ratio decreased, and the cash - to - short - term - debt ratio fluctuated and decreased to 0.24 times. At the end of June 2025, Tongren's total debt capitalization ratio exceeded 50%, and Zunyi, Bijie, and Anshun's cash - to - short - term - debt ratios were no more than 0.10 times [36]. 3.3 Summary - Since 2024, Guizhou's government debt ratio has continued to rise, with some cities exceeding the provincial average. The overall debt risk has been mitigated due to policy support. - The debt scale of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises has decreased, and the financing structure has improved, but there are still problems such as high short - term solvency pressure, unoptimized financing structure in some regions, obvious regional differentiation in net financing, and slow investment growth. - In the short term, debt - resolution relies on policies, and in the long term, urban investment enterprises need to promote economic development to resolve debts [37][39].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the logistics industry, but emphasizes a strategic shift towards high-quality development and cost reduction during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [4][12]. Core Insights - The logistics industry is positioned as a key link in the supply chain, with its strategic value elevated under the new development pattern of "dual circulation" [4][12]. - The focus during the "15th Five-Year Plan" will be on reducing costs, improving quality, and expanding market space through multi-dimensional empowerment and structural upgrades [5][12]. Summary by Sections Cost Reduction - The logistics industry faces significant challenges in cost efficiency, primarily due to structural shortcomings and a tendency towards "involutionary cost reduction" [5]. - The report highlights that the ratio of total social logistics costs to GDP is expected to decrease to 14.1% by 2024, down from 14.7% in 2020, indicating a cumulative decline of 0.6 percentage points [6]. - The "Action Plan" aims for this ratio to reach approximately 13.5% by 2027, providing a clear path for cost reduction [6][7]. Capability Enhancement - The logistics sector currently exhibits a lack of comprehensive service capabilities, with a significant number of companies focusing on traditional services rather than high-end solutions [8][9]. - The report identifies three key areas for capability enhancement: digitalization, green transformation, and resilience [9]. - By 2024, the penetration rate of new energy logistics vehicles is projected to exceed 1.5 million units, accounting for 35% of urban delivery vehicles [9][10]. Market Expansion - The report outlines multiple market opportunities for the logistics industry, emphasizing the expansion of rural logistics and the integration with manufacturing and modern agriculture [11]. - The international market is also highlighted, with a focus on enhancing cross-border logistics capabilities and supporting the construction of logistics hubs [11]. - New growth areas such as low-altitude logistics, cold chain logistics, and emergency logistics are emerging as significant opportunities for the industry [11].

Report Industry Investment Rating - There is no information provided regarding the report industry investment rating. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Since the first stage of the current round of debt resolution, the orders and revenues of sample construction enterprises related to local government projects have decreased, and the collection and turnover efficiency have deteriorated. Especially, local construction state - owned enterprises with a high proportion of local government projects face relatively large short - term solvency pressure. - In the second stage of the current round of debt resolution, under the background of optimizing the central - local debt structure and establishing a long - term mechanism for preventing and resolving local government debt risks, it is expected that the overall demand structure of the construction industry will continue to adjust, and the credit levels of construction enterprises will diverge more significantly. [2] Summary According to Relevant Catalogs "One - Package" Debt Resolution Policy Review - Since 2014, China has promoted multiple rounds of local government debt resolution. The first round from 2014 - 2018 mainly included incorporating existing debts into budget management and "explicitizing" them through the issuance of replacement bonds, with a total issuance of about 12.2 trillion yuan of local government replacement bonds. The second round from 2019 - 2020 focused on the debts of counties and districts with weak fiscal strength, using replacement bonds to resolve the implicit debts of pilot counties, issuing 157.9 billion yuan of local government replacement bonds. The third round from 2020 - July 2023 used special refinancing bonds to replace local implicit debts, and some regions carried out pilot projects to eliminate implicit debts, with a cumulative issuance of 612.8 billion yuan of special refinancing bonds for implicit debt replacement and over 500 billion yuan issued in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong for implicit debt elimination. - The current round of debt resolution started in July 2023. The central government put forward a "one - package debt resolution plan" with the core idea of "preserving the stock and controlling the increment". A series of policies such as "Document 35", "Document 47", "Document 14", "Document 134", and "Document 150" were successively introduced, covering aspects such as defining support policies, tightening bond - issuing policies for urban investment enterprises, controlling government investment projects, and guiding the orderly exit of financing platforms. - In 2024 - 2025, policies such as increasing the local government debt limit to replace existing implicit debts, emphasizing compliance in debt resolution, and clarifying the specific path for urban investment entities in key areas to exit the government financing platform were introduced. The policy framework involves four key dimensions: differential control of new financing, restriction of project investment scope and scale of urban investment platforms, specification of bond - issuing approval processes, and standardization of the mechanism for lifting financing restrictions after the exit of urban investment entities from the government financing platform. The debt resolution policy has shifted from emergency response to systematic governance. [4][5][8] Impact Path of the Current Round of Debt Resolution on Construction Enterprises Demand Side - Construction enterprises are highly dependent on local governments on the demand side. Local government - related projects, including infrastructure projects, urban renewal projects, and public service projects under the PPP model, have long accounted for a major share of construction enterprises' contract amounts. As of the end of June 2025, among 74 sample bond - issuing construction enterprises, 26 had an average proportion of local government - related projects in new contracts over the past three years of more than 70%, and from 2022 - 2024, the proportion of new local government - related contracts in the total new contracts of sample enterprises was between 36% - 43%. - The current round of debt resolution has led to a significant decline in construction demand in areas related to local government investment. It has imposed dual constraints of hierarchical control and policy regulation on local government investment, and squeezed the traditional infrastructure funding sources of local governments. In high - risk debt areas, new government investment projects are restricted, the approval cycle of some projects is extended, and some projects are suspended or postponed. For PPP projects, relevant policies have restricted project promotion. In addition, the decline in land transfer income, the adjustment of the use structure of special bonds, and the restart of land reserve special bonds have all affected traditional infrastructure funding. [12][13] Cash Flow Side - Construction enterprises are highly dependent on local governments on the cash flow side. Their accounts receivable are highly concentrated in the government and urban investment platforms, and they often need to advance a large amount of funds for government - related projects. The PPP projects carried out with local governments over the past decade have also occupied a significant amount of funds, and the repayment progress of PPP project financing is related to the government's payment rhythm. - The current round of debt resolution has led to a decline in the payment ability of local governments and the liquidity pressure of urban investment platforms, which has directly affected the collection of construction enterprises' project funds. The settlement and collection cycles of local government - related projects have been extended, and the proportion of progress payment has decreased significantly. In 2024, the issuance scale of urban investment bonds decreased by 17.02% year - on - year to 4.914114 trillion yuan, and the net financing turned from a net inflow of 1.144279 trillion yuan in 2023 to a net repayment of 333.294 billion yuan. In the first half of 2025, the net financing of urban investment bonds was - 178.050 billion yuan, with the net repayment scale expanding significantly year - on - year and narrowing slightly quarter - on - quarter. [16][17] Performance of the Construction Industry in the First Stage of the Current Round of Debt Resolution Newly Signed Contracts - In 2023, the newly signed contract amounts of sample enterprises in key provinces and cities related to local government projects decreased significantly due to debt resolution policies. In 2024, the overall newly signed contracts of sample enterprises related to local government projects decreased significantly, with central enterprises experiencing the largest decline and local state - owned enterprises the smallest decline. However, due to business composition, the year - on - year decline in the total newly signed contract amounts of sample central enterprises was lower than that of local state - owned enterprises. From 2023 - 2024, the year - on - year growth rates of the total newly signed contract amounts of sample enterprises related to local government projects were 2.74% and - 9.58% respectively, significantly lower than the year - on - year growth rates of the total newly signed contract amounts of sample enterprises (8.14% and - 1.07% respectively). [19][20] Revenue - In 2024, the revenues of sample construction state - owned central and local enterprises with a relatively high proportion of local government projects decreased significantly. For sample construction central enterprises from 2023 - 2024, the higher the proportion of local government projects, the lower the year - on - year growth rate of construction revenue, and the revenue growth rate decreased significantly in 2024 compared with the previous year. For sample construction local state - owned enterprises, the median year - on - year growth rates of revenues of sample enterprises with a proportion of local government projects over 70% ranked the highest and lowest in 2023 and 2024 respectively. Sample enterprises with a proportion of local government projects between 30% - 50% were mainly engaged in housing construction and infrastructure, and their construction revenues in 2024 decreased by more than 10% due to the decline in local government demand and real estate demand. [21][22] Accounts Receivable Turnover and Aging - Since 2022, the turnover speed of accounts receivable of sample construction enterprises has slowed down overall, and the turnover efficiency of local state - owned enterprises decreased significantly in 2024 due to debt resolution. From 2022 - 2024, the turnover efficiency of each group of sample enterprises showed a continuous decline, and the turnover rate of central enterprises was generally better than that of local state - owned enterprises. For sample construction central enterprises, the group with a proportion of local government projects in the range of 30 - 50% had the best performance in turnover efficiency indicators. For sample construction local state - owned enterprises, the turnover rate of the two groups with a proportion of local government projects over 50% decreased significantly, and the turnover rates of the two groups with a proportion of local government projects over 70% and less than 30% were weak in 2024, mainly affected by local debt resolution, the contraction of housing construction demand, and the lag in revenue and collection. - The proportion of accounts receivable within one year of sample central enterprises generally showed an upward trend, while that of sample local state - owned enterprises decreased overall, and the high - proportion group of local government projects decreased significantly in 2024. [23][24] Cash Flow - The sample enterprises as a whole maintained a net cash inflow from operating activities, but the coverage ratio of sales cash collection to current liabilities continued to weaken. Local state - owned enterprises with a high proportion of local government projects faced relatively large short - term solvency pressure. From 2022 - 2024, the operating cash inflow of the group of sample local state - owned enterprises with a proportion of local government projects greater than 70% continued to decline, but except for a few samples, the operating cash flow as a whole remained in a net inflow state. The coverage ratio of sales cash collection to current liabilities of sample construction enterprises continued to weaken, especially for local state - owned enterprises with a high proportion of local government projects, indicating a weakening of their collection situation as a whole. [27][28] Impact Assessment of the Policies in the Second Stage of the Current Round of Debt Resolution on the Construction Industry - The "6 - trillion - yuan" plan is expected to alleviate the squeezing of infrastructure investment funds by debt resolution. However, the decline in government fund revenues and the progress of the issuance and implementation of new special bonds have affected the growth rate of local infrastructure investment. The implementation of subsequent policies is expected to accelerate. The "6 + 4+ 2 - trillion - yuan" debt resolution plan approved in November 2024 is estimated to reduce the total implicit debt of local governments to be digested from 14.3 trillion yuan at the end of 2023 to 2.3 trillion yuan, saving about 600 billion yuan in interest expenses over five years. Although the total amount of newly issued local government special bonds in 2025 increased, the issuance progress of special bonds other than those related to debt resolution was relatively slow, and the decline in land transfer income also affected local infrastructure investment. The cumulative year - on - year growth rate of narrow - sense infrastructure investment in the first three quarters of 2025 slowed down to 1.10%, lower than 4.10% in the same period of 2024. - Under the background of optimizing the central - local debt structure and establishing a long - term mechanism for preventing and resolving local government debt risks, the central government has increased leverage, and the demand structure of the construction industry has continued to adjust. Although local government investment has been affected by debt resolution, the central government has emphasized the use of a more proactive fiscal policy. The issuance of treasury bonds and ultra - long - term special treasury bonds will support large - scale standardized projects, especially "two major" projects (major strategic implementation and key - area security capacity building). It is expected that future infrastructure investment will be more targeted at areas in line with "high - quality development" and "high social benefits", such as "two major" and new infrastructure fields. - As of the end of June 2025, the effect of the arrears - clearing action on alleviating the cash flow of bond - issuing construction enterprises was not significant. It is expected that the arrears - clearing action will accelerate in 2026, which will be beneficial to improving the cash return of the construction industry. A series of policies on arrears - clearing have been introduced, and the scope of key arrears - clearing entities has been defined. The total amount of arrears of four types of units involved in financial arrears - clearing is about 1.8 trillion yuan. Although the cash flow performance of sample construction enterprises has improved to some extent in the first half of 2025, the overall effect of arrears - clearing on cash flow is not significant. In the long run, the accounts receivable of construction state - owned central and local enterprises are expected to be recovered, and their financial statements are expected to improve. [30][34][37] Outlook on the Credit Change Trend of Construction Enterprises under the Background of Debt Resolution - The credit levels of construction enterprises will face differentiation under the background of debt resolution, and enterprises with policy resources, technological barriers, diversified and international layouts, and financial robustness are expected to dominate the market. - Enterprises with complete qualifications and diversified construction capabilities are expected to survive the cycle and develop in the long term. They can reduce risks in a single market and better cope with policy regulation and market uncertainties, and are expected to find new growth points in the field of new - quality productivity. - Enterprises with stable operation and finance are more likely to survive in the downward period of the industry. The traditional high - leverage and large - scale advance payment operation model in the industry is facing challenges, and enterprises with financial stability, sufficient capital reserves, or stable financing channels can better cope with risks and seize market opportunities. - The competition pattern will further differentiate, and regional risk differences will continue. Leading construction central enterprises are expected to maintain their competitive advantages, and state - owned construction enterprises in regions with strong financial resources or with strong competitiveness in niche markets will have better development prospects. Construction central enterprises have advantages in project acquisition, financing costs, and channels, and are expected to participate in major projects in countries and regions along the "Belt and Road". Local state - owned enterprises mainly engaged in housing construction and traditional infrastructure in regions with weak economic strength and high debt pressure will face business contraction pressure, while those in economically active and financially strong regions and enterprises with advantages in new fields will have good development opportunities. [41][42]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Beijing's economic and fiscal strength is solid, with continuous GDP growth, high - quality fiscal revenue, and a relatively light government debt burden. The city focuses on high - end and digital economy development [4][5]. - There are significant differences in economic and fiscal strength among districts in Beijing. Districts like Haidian, Chaoyang, and Xicheng are leading, while ecological conservation and development districts rely more on superior subsidies [4][17]. - Beijing's bond - issuing urban investment enterprises are mainly of high - level, with a reasonable debt - term structure and strong regional refinancing ability [4][34]. Summary According to the Table of Contents I. Beijing's Economic and Fiscal Strength 1. Beijing's Regional Characteristics and Economic Development - Beijing is the national political, cultural, international exchange, and scientific and technological innovation center, with a large population, rich scientific research, and cultural resources. Its GDP ranks in the upper - middle level nationwide, and per - capita GDP ranks first [5]. - The tertiary industry is the main driving force for economic growth, especially the financial and information technology industries. High - end and digital economy are the key development directions [5][9]. - Beijing has a good transportation network, a large number of scientific research institutions, and high - tech enterprises. It ranks third globally in the international scientific and technological innovation center and first globally in scientific research cities in 2024 [6][8]. 2. Beijing's Fiscal Strength and Government Debt - From 2022 - 2024, Beijing's general public budget revenue increased continuously, with high - quality fiscal revenue and strong fiscal self - sufficiency. Government - funded revenue decreased slightly [13]. - The government debt burden is relatively light, and there is still some financing space within the debt limit. The debt ratio increased continuously from 2022 - 2024, and the debt - to - GDP ratio fluctuated slightly [14]. II. Economic and Fiscal Strength of Districts in Beijing 1. Economic Strength and Industrial Characteristics of Districts in Beijing - There are significant differences in economic strength among districts in Beijing. In 2024, the GDP of all districts increased. Haidian, Chaoyang, and Xicheng are in the leading position, while ecological conservation and development districts are relatively backward [17][24]. - Different functional areas have different development orientations and leading industries. For example, the capital function core area focuses on finance and services, and the ecological conservation and development area focuses on ecological protection [18][22]. 2. Fiscal Strength and Debt Situation of Districts in Beijing - In 2024, Chaoyang, Haidian, and Xicheng had the top three general public budget revenues. Except for Dongcheng, Fangshan, and Huairou, other districts' general public budget revenues increased [27]. - Dongcheng and Xicheng have relatively low government - funded revenues. The ecological conservation and development area relies more on superior subsidies [27]. - By the end of 2024, except for Fengtai and Xicheng, the government debt balance of other districts increased. Fengtai's debt ratio decreased significantly, while Yanqing's debt burden increased significantly [31]. III. Debt - Repayment Ability of Beijing's Urban Investment Enterprises 1. Overview of Beijing's Urban Investment Enterprises - As of the end of September 2025, there are 31 bond - issuing urban investment enterprises in Beijing, mainly of high - level [34]. 2. Bond - Issuing Situation of Urban Investment Enterprises - In 2024, the issuance scale of Beijing's urban investment bonds increased slightly. The city - level, Xicheng, Changping, and Daxing had relatively large issuance scales. Bond financing was net inflow in 2024 and from January - September 2025 [37]. 3. Analysis of Debt - Repayment Ability of Beijing's Urban Investment Enterprises - The debt - term structure of Beijing's bond - issuing urban investment enterprises is reasonable, with low short - term debt - repayment pressure. Most enterprises had net financing inflows in 2024, and the regional refinancing ability is strong [40]. - By the end of June 2025, the total debt of Beijing's bond - issuing urban investment enterprises decreased compared with the end of 2024. The debt burden of most regions is within a reasonable range [40]. 4. Support and Guarantee Ability of District - Level Fiscal Revenues in Beijing for the Debt of Bond - Issuing Urban Investment Enterprises - The proportion of the total debt of Beijing's existing urban investment enterprises in (total debt of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises + local government debt) is 51.76%. In Huairou, Daxing, Yanqing, Tongzhou, and Fangshan, "(total debt of bond - issuing urban investment enterprises + local government debt)/comprehensive fiscal revenue" exceeds 300% [50].

Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the report. Core Viewpoints - The clearance of financing platforms is an important measure to resolve local debt risks, aiming to achieve sustainable development of the local economy and state - owned enterprises. It involves the separation of government financing functions, decoupling of government credit, and structural adjustment of the government - enterprise relationship. - In the short term, the overall credit quality of financing platforms will not decline significantly, but attention should be paid to the differentiation of credit risks. In the long term, the credit risk level of financing platforms after clearance depends more on their own cash flow and solvency, which are greatly affected by the process and effect of their market - oriented transformation. [3][20] Summary by Directory Introduction - Local financing platforms have contributed to China's local economic development and urbanization, but with the end of the urbanization process, the increasing debt burden of local governments, and the decreasing marginal benefit of investment, it is urgent to resolve local debt risks. - As of the end of 2024, China's government debt balance was 92.6 trillion yuan, with a government debt - to - GDP ratio of 68.7%, which is in a reasonable range and the debt risk is controllable. However, there are prominent structural and liquidity problems in government debt, and the debt of financing platforms is also an important source of local debt risks. [5][6] Necessity of Financing Platform Clearance Essence of Financing Platform Clearance - The formation of financing platform debt risks is due to factors such as the mismatch of local government's powers and financial resources, the expansion of infrastructure investment, and the high dependence on land finance. - The central government has introduced a series of policies to regulate financing platforms, and financing platform clearance involves not only formal "exiting the platform" and "zeroing out implicit debt" but also deeper - level reforms. [7][10][13] Purpose of Financing Platform Clearance - It is a necessary measure to support the high - quality development of the real economy, helping to release the inefficient occupation of financial resources and promote the transformation of the economic development model. - It is a basic requirement to adapt to the transformation of the urbanization development stage, as the historical mission of financing platforms is basically completed. - It is a direct means to close the back - door financing channels of local governments, curbing the disorderly expansion of local debt. - It is a prerequisite for enhancing the market competitiveness of local state - owned enterprises, forcing them to pursue market - oriented development. [14][15][16] Connotation of "Powerful, Orderly, and Effective" Promotion of Financing Platform Clearance - Powerful means having a firm attitude in implementing debt - resolution policies and strengthening the cleaning and standardization of financing platforms. - Orderly means arranging the clearance rhythm reasonably to avoid new risks during the process. - Effective means achieving the expected short - term, medium - term, and long - term effects, such as functional transformation, relationship adjustment, and the growth of high - quality state - owned enterprises. [17][18][19] Credit Risk Changes after Financing Platform Clearance Changes in Government - Enterprise Relationship, Functional Positioning, and Main Business - After clearance, financing platforms will be divided into three categories: transforming into market - oriented operating entities, retaining public - welfare functions, and liquidating and exiting. - In the short term, the relationship between financing platforms and local governments remains close, but in the long term, it will gradually weaken. - The functional positioning of financing platforms will change from urban investment and construction to urban comprehensive operation and regional industrial cultivation. - The business operations of financing platforms will gradually shift to market - oriented businesses, and they need to develop core competitiveness based on regional resource endowments. [21][22][23] Credit Risk Changes - In the short term, the overall credit quality of financing platforms will not decline significantly, but there is a differentiation of credit risks among different regions and platforms. - In the long term, the credit risk of financing platforms depends on their market - oriented transformation, and platforms in economically underdeveloped regions may face difficulties in refinancing and debt repayment. [24][25][26] Issues to be Noted - There are still few successful transformation cases of financing platforms, and "true clearance" requires the separation of historical debts, integration of operating resources, innovation of mechanisms and systems, and guarantee of reasonable financing needs. - Attention should be paid to issues such as the integration of operating resources, innovation of mechanisms and systems, and the guarantee of reasonable financing needs. In the second half of the ten - year debt - resolution period, the difficulty of resolving implicit debts and clearing financing platforms increases, and various forms of false clearance should be prevented. [27][28] Summary - To fundamentally prevent and resolve local debt risks, it is necessary to change the economic development concept, accelerate the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, and establish a long - term mechanism for local debt risk management. - The clearance of financing platforms is an important measure to resolve local debt risks and a key to deepening state - owned enterprise reform and stimulating the endogenous power of the local economy. [29][30]

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating No investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - In 2025 from January to September, the number of consecutive overdue occurrences of bonds - issuing urban investment entities' bills increased significantly year - on - year, while the number of entities with consecutive bill overdue decreased year - on - year. High - frequency overdue enterprises became the main risk source. AA - rated and district - county - level platforms remained the main overdue groups, and the risk differentiation effect of administrative levels and credit ratings was further strengthened. Risks were mainly concentrated in Shandong, Yunnan, Henan, Guizhou and other provinces. Entities with consecutive bill overdue faced relatively large short - term concentrated debt repayment pressure, and attention should be paid to the cross - variety risk spread caused by credit risk transmission [2][22]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Overview of Urban Investment Entities' Bill Overdue - **Change in the number of bonds - issuing urban investment entities with consecutive bill overdue**: From January to September 2025, bonds - issuing urban investment entities were included in the list of consecutive bill overdue 508 times, a year - on - year increase of 38.04%, involving 65 entities, a year - on - year decrease of 4.41%. The monthly number of urban investment entities included in the list was between 54 - 58, and the monthly number of newly - added entities was 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2 respectively [5]. - **Credit rating of bonds - issuing urban investment entities with consecutive bill overdue**: From January to September 2025, entities with consecutive bill overdue were mainly AA - rated, accounting for 63.08%, a year - on - year increase of 1.31 percentage points, with 41 entities, a year - on - year decrease of 1. AA + - rated entities ranked second, accounting for 23.08%, with 15 entities, a year - on - year decrease of 2 [8]. - **Administrative level of bonds - issuing urban investment entities with consecutive bill overdue**: From January to September 2025, district - county - level platforms accounted for the highest proportion among entities with consecutive bill overdue, and there were no provincial - level platforms. District - county - level platforms numbered 39 (60.00%, a year - on - year increase of 4.12 percentage points), municipal - level platforms numbered 21 (32.31%), and there was 1 provincial - level park platform, 2 national - level development zone platforms, 1 national - level high - tech zone platform, and 1 national - level new area platform [11]. - **Geographical distribution of bonds - issuing urban investment entities with consecutive bill overdue**: From January to September 2025, the geographical distribution of bonds - issuing urban investment entities with consecutive bill overdue was highly concentrated, mainly in Shandong, Yunnan, Henan, and Guizhou. There were 11 provinces involved in bill overdue risks, 2 less than the same period last year. Shandong had the largest number of such entities, reaching 26, accounting for 40.00%. Yunnan had 12, and both Henan and Guizhou had 8. In terms of the proportion of the number of entities with consecutive bill overdue to the total number of bonds - issuing urban investment entities in each province, Qinghai, Yunnan, and Shandong ranked in the top three [13]. - **Existing bonds of bonds - issuing urban investment entities with consecutive bill overdue**: As of October 27, 2025, the total balance of existing bonds of 65 bonds - issuing urban investment entities with consecutive bill overdue from January to September 2025 was 144.82 billion yuan. Among them, corporate (enterprise) bonds accounted for 54.25% (78.558 billion yuan), medium - term notes accounted for 18.29% (26.488 billion yuan), private placement financing instruments accounted for 15.61% (22.6 billion yuan), and short - term and ultra - short - term financing bonds accounted for 9.63% (13.944 billion yuan). 39.26% (56.861 billion yuan) of the bonds would mature within 1 year, and 26.31% (38.104 billion yuan) would mature within 1 - 3 years. These entities faced relatively large short - term concentrated debt repayment pressure. Some entities had non - standard financing defaults, and attention should be paid to the cross - variety risk spread [15][21].

Investment Rating - The report emphasizes a positive outlook for the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery industry, driven by policy support and market demand [1][3]. Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" elevates agricultural modernization to a strategic level, creating a policy framework for high-quality development in the industry [3]. - The report identifies three main growth paths for companies in the agriculture sector: policy subsidies and diversified financing, technological empowerment, and industrial integration innovation [1][10]. Summary by Sections Path 1: Policy Subsidies and Financing Support - The "14th Five-Year Plan" aims to enhance the effectiveness of agricultural policies, establishing a multi-faceted investment structure that includes fiscal guarantees and financial support [4]. - Insurance policies for major grain crops provide significant subsidies, with central government support reaching up to 50% for certain regions, effectively mitigating risks from natural disasters and market fluctuations [4][6]. - R&D incentives in key areas like biotechnology and smart agricultural machinery are substantial, with a deduction rate of 175% for eligible expenses, significantly lowering innovation costs for companies [5][6]. Path 2: Technological Empowerment - The report highlights the integration of advanced technologies such as AI and smart agricultural equipment, which are transforming traditional farming practices and enhancing productivity [7][9]. - The contribution of agricultural technology to production has reached 63.2%, with mechanization rates exceeding 75%, leading to improved quality and efficiency in crop production [8][9]. - The use of smart equipment has drastically reduced labor costs and increased operational efficiency, exemplified by a 20-fold increase in efficiency in certain agricultural parks [7][9]. Path 3: Industrial Integration Innovation - The "14th Five-Year Plan" encourages a diversified food supply system, promoting the integration of agriculture, forestry, and fishery sectors [10]. - Companies are shifting from low-margin raw product sales to higher-value processing sectors, such as deep processing of grains and pre-prepared foods, enhancing profit margins [11]. - Innovative business models, including ecological farming and agri-tourism, are being developed to create new revenue streams and improve resilience against market fluctuations [11][12]. Outlook - The report anticipates that the implementation of supportive policies will align with market needs, enhancing the core competitiveness of companies in the agriculture sector and optimizing their profit structures [12][13].

从监管处罚看城投公司财务报表规范性 联合资信 公用评级二部 城投公司作为我国地方政府投融资的核心载体，其财务状况不仅受市场交易方式影响，更与地方财政收支、政策导 向深度绑定，其大量业务涉及政府主导的非市场化交易，而现行企业会计准则主要基于市场化商业主体设计，对此类特 殊且非市场化交易的规范存在缺失，对其会计核算边界模糊，导致部分城投公司财务报表存在些许不规范情形。近年来， 监管部门发布的会计师事务所行政处罚公告，成为透视城投报表规范与否的"放大镜"，本研究通过监管行政处罚视角， 旨在深入解析相关城投公司存在的财务报表规范性问题，并为后续报表分析提供相关建议。 从监管处罚案例来看，城投公司财务报表规范性问题涉及资产、负债、收入、利润及关联交易等方面。具体来看，主 要涉及确认不符合资产定义的公益性资产、不恰当的资产评估增值、误将财政拨付的需要偿还本息的专项债等资金转入 权益核算、与地方政府、其他国企以及众多供应商之间复杂的关联交易会计处理欠规范、资产折旧、摊销计提不及时和财 务费用资本化处理欠规范等方面。此外，部分城投公司在合并范围的认定方面亦存在瑕疵。 展望未来，随着城投公司市场化转型和业务多元化的不断推进，对 ...