到目前为止，美国的国债规模已经高达36.7万亿美元，占GDP的130%。甚至去年光利息就已经高达1.1万亿美元，占财政收入的22.4%。过去几周，美国总统 特朗普将沉重的联邦债务利息成本，作为要求美联储鲍威尔降息的理由之一。近日，特朗普甚至上门到美联储施压，这也是近20年来美国现任总统首次正式 造访美联储。他当面要求鲍威尔降息，但鲍威尔装糊涂只是"一笑而过"。 3. 财政开源节流。特朗普主张提高进口关税，提升股市税收等手段，以及制造地缘冲突迫使资本回流美国。之前特朗普让马斯克主导的效率部，削减冗余机 构精简财政，并暂停对外援助，但事实证明白干，根本没有节省多少收支，本质上只是特朗普清洗对手的工具。 4. 稳定币化债。近日，特朗普政府推动《天才法案》，法案要求稳定币发行人100%储备美元或短期美债。其实就是强制要求稳定币百分百锚定美元或美 债，将全球稳定币需求转化为美债的刚性，拯救美债流动性。渣打银行预测：若稳定币规模扩张至2万亿美元，可消化约10%的美债存量。 特朗普试图通过施压美联储降息，就想省下万亿美债利息，其实也是太想当然了。德银团队的测算，即使全线降息，降低50个基点，那到了2027年，累计的 债务偿 ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the **U.S. pharmaceutical industry**, particularly focusing on the dynamics between multinational pharmaceutical companies and U.S. biotech firms in the context of innovative drug transactions [1][2]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Payment Differences**: There is a significant difference in upfront payment amounts between multinational pharmaceutical giants and U.S. biotech companies. The former tend to have higher upfront payments due to their cash reserves, while the latter rely on financing, resulting in larger total milestone amounts [1][2]. - **Funding Sources for Biotech**: U.S. biotech companies primarily depend on financing for their operations. Their cash inflow mainly comes from fundraising activities, both pre- and post-IPO, which are often supported by large pharmaceutical companies [4][5]. - **Role of Venture Capital**: The U.S. venture capital (VC) industry is highly active in the pharmaceutical sector, with 33% of first-round financing projects in 2024 being in the medical field. The average funding amount per project in pharmaceuticals is significantly higher than in other sectors [5]. - **Corporate Venture Capital (CVC)**: CVC plays a crucial role in the U.S. VC market, accounting for 20% of the number of transactions but 55% of the total amount. This indicates that while CVC transactions are fewer, they involve larger sums, reflecting the dominance of industrial capital in the VC space [6][7]. - **Acquisition Strategies**: Multinational pharmaceutical companies invest heavily in acquiring innovative assets to enhance their product lines and ensure future sales. For instance, AbbVie and Pfizer have disclosed substantial investments in externally acquired blockbuster drugs [8][9]. - **Cash Flow Management**: These companies manage their finances through operational, financing, and investment cash flows. For example, Merck reported nearly $20 billion in operational cash inflow over the past three years [9][10]. Additional Important Insights - **U.S. Healthcare Market**: The U.S. healthcare market is a vital revenue source for multinational pharmaceutical companies, with the top five companies holding a 43% market share in the prescription drug market [11][12]. - **Federal Budget and Healthcare Spending**: The U.S. federal budget has expanded significantly, with healthcare spending constituting 25% of the budget. This reliance on federal funding underscores the importance of government support in the healthcare ecosystem [13][14]. - **Impact of Foreign Investors**: Foreign investors are the primary holders of U.S. government debt, indicating global support for the U.S. federal budget and healthcare market development [15]. - **Economic Indicators**: The call discusses how economic indicators like interest rate inversions can signal potential economic issues, affecting policy decisions and market transactions [22]. - **Future of the Biotech Ecosystem**: The future of the U.S. innovative drug ecosystem will depend on the expansion of U.S. government debt and the prevailing interest rate environment, which will influence both multinational companies and biotech firms [25]. Conclusion - The conference call highlights the intricate relationships and financial dynamics within the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, emphasizing the critical roles of funding sources, market strategies, and economic conditions in shaping the future of innovative drug development and commercialization.

Group 1: Macro Strategy and Market Overview - The upcoming third round of trade talks between China and the US is expected to focus on energy and rare earth materials, with potential extensions of negotiation deadlines [2] - A-shares saw slight increases across major indices, with the CSI 500 and ChiNext rising by 3.28% and 2.76% respectively [2] - The central bank's net fund injection was 109.5 billion yuan, indicating a slight rebound in short-term interest rates [2] - The US dollar index showed a slight decline, closing at 97.67, down 0.8% week-on-week, while the RMB appreciated by 0.18% [2] Group 2: Fixed Income and Debt Market - The Southbound Bond Connect is expected to facilitate investment in Chinese dollar bonds, with a focus on city investment bonds benefiting from local debt policies [4] - The Hong Kong bond market has a total outstanding amount of 19.55 billion USD in HKD bonds and 17.32 billion USD in offshore RMB bonds [4] - The outlook for Chinese dollar bonds remains positive, with expected continued good returns due to narrowing yield spreads and favorable policies [4][33] Group 3: Coal Industry Insights - Domestic coal social inventory decreased in June 2025, leading to a rebound in coal prices, with expectations for port prices to reach 700-750 yuan per ton [9] - The government aims for coal production to reach approximately 4.8 billion tons in 2025, with potential adjustments in production capacity to ensure supply [9] Group 4: Company-Specific Analysis - Wei Shi Jia Jie (00856) is expected to benefit significantly from the AI and cross-border payment sectors, with projected revenue growth from 63.7 billion yuan in 2020 to 81.1 billion yuan in 2024 [11] - The company is positioned to capture growth in the Southeast Asian ICT market, which is projected to reach approximately 415 billion USD by 2028 [11] - The company anticipates a significant increase in net profit from 830 million yuan in 2023 to 958 million yuan in 2024, reflecting a growth rate of 14.09% [11][15] Group 5: Construction and Materials Sector - Su Jiao Ke (300284) reported a revenue decline of 13.75% in H1 2025, but is transitioning towards becoming a "think tank technology enterprise" with a focus on new business areas [16] - The company has developed five cloud platforms aimed at enhancing its service offerings in urban safety and low-altitude economy [16] Group 6: Chemical Industry Trends - The proportion of public funds holding basic chemical stocks has slightly decreased, with a shift towards mid-cap stocks [15] - The chemical sector has seen a notable increase in the holding ratio of leading stocks, indicating a preference for smaller-cap stocks [15]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the industry investment rating in the document. 2. Core View of the Report The report focuses on the history, overseas experiences, and future prospects of China's central bank's treasury bond trading. It analyzes the development of China's central bank's treasury bond trading from 2024 to 2025, draws lessons from the practices of the Federal Reserve and the Bank of Japan, and discusses the possible future evolution of the tool, including operation mechanisms, targets, and implementation rhythms, as well as potential optimization directions for supporting measures [2][48][94]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1. Treasury Bond Trading History Review - **Before 2024**: The central bank mainly participated in treasury bond trading through repurchase agreements, providing short - term liquidity to the market and smoothing out fluctuations in the capital market. Direct purchases of treasury bonds were rare, mainly for coordinating the issuance of special treasury bonds [12]. - **In 2024**: The central bank began to include treasury bond trading in open - market operations. In August, it carried out "buying short and selling long" operations, with a net purchase of 1 billion yuan in treasury bonds. The operations were mainly for base money injection and liquidity management, with buying aiming to support fiscal efforts and selling to prevent bond market risks [22][25]. - **In the first half of 2025**: In January, the central bank announced a temporary suspension of open - market treasury bond purchases, considering the controllable supply pressure of government bonds at the beginning of the year and the availability of alternative tools for liquidity management. The market's speculation about the resumption of operations emerged in June, but it did not materialize, mainly due to the marginal improvement in the supply - demand relationship of government bonds, the central bank's enhanced precision in liquidity regulation, and concerns about bond market risks [38][40][43]. 3.2. Overseas Insights into Central Bank Bond Purchases - **Federal Reserve's "Scarce Reserves" Framework**: Before 2008, the Federal Reserve used this framework, where treasury bond trading was mainly for liquidity management. Through small - scale open - market treasury bond trading, the Federal Reserve could adjust the reserve level of the banking system, affecting the federal funds rate and other interest rates, forming a transmission chain of "open - market operations - reserve scale - FFR - other interest rates" [48]. - **Federal Reserve's Treasury Bond Trading with Quantitative Easing and Twist Operations**: From 2008 to 2014, the Federal Reserve implemented large - scale asset purchase programs, aiming to influence the yield curve by changing the structure of purchased assets while maintaining a loose liquidity environment. It carried out operations such as lowering short - term interest rates, buying long - term bonds, and selling short - term bonds, and managing market expectations [68][71]. - **Bank of Japan's YCC Practice**: In 2016, the Bank of Japan introduced YCC on the basis of negative interest rates. It controlled the short - end through negative interest rates and set a target for the 10 - year treasury bond yield, promising unlimited buying and selling of 10 - year treasury bonds to achieve the target range. This enhanced the central bank's ability to control the yield curve, alleviated concerns about policy sustainability and market liquidity, and strengthened inflation expectations [74][76]. 3.3. Outlook on Central Bank Bond Purchases - **Current Situation**: Compared with the Federal Reserve and the Bank of Japan, the scale of treasury bonds held by the People's Bank of China is relatively low. Commercial banks are the main holders of treasury bonds in China, accounting for over 60% of the total. The reasons include the short implementation time of treasury bond trading, differences in tool positioning, and the limited liquidity of the treasury bond market [6][78][88]. - **Possible Future Deductions**: - **Operation Mechanism**: There is a possibility of making operations more transparent by announcing operation time, quantity, bond maturity, and pricing standards in advance, following the trend of expected management in monetary policy tools [94]. - **Operation Target**: Treasury bond trading is mainly for liquidity management and may also have the function of regulating the yield curve. Net purchases to inject liquidity are still the general direction, and attention should be paid to the term structure of the treasury bond market and the central bank's holdings [95]. - **Implementation Rhythm**: The supply pressure of government bonds will decrease in July and peak again in August - September. This could be a good observation window for restarting treasury bond trading operations [97]. - **Supporting Measures**: Potential optimization directions include increasing the proportion of discount treasury bond issuance, improving the management of treasury bond underwriters, guiding commercial banks to reduce the proportion of bonds held in the AC account, and expanding the participants in the treasury bond derivatives market [98].

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content Group 2: Report's Core View - The report focuses on the history, current situation, and future prospects of China's central bank's treasury bond trading. It analyzes the operations and impacts of treasury bond trading in 2024 and 2025, draws lessons from overseas central banks' bond - buying practices, and discusses the future evolution of China's treasury bond trading tool [9] Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs 1. Treasury Bond Trading History Review - **Before 2024**: The central bank mainly participated in treasury bond trading through repurchase agreements to inject short - term liquidity. It rarely directly bought treasury bonds, and the few purchases were mainly to support special treasury bond issuance [10] - **In 2024**: The central bank started to include treasury bond trading in open - market operations. It conducted "buy - short and sell - long" operations, with a net purchase of 100 billion yuan in August. The operations aimed at liquidity management and curve regulation [19][20] - **In the first half of 2025**: The central bank suspended open - market treasury bond purchases in January. The reasons included controllable government bond supply pressure, the availability of alternative tools, and the need to avoid strong market expectations. In June, market discussions about restarting the operation emerged, but it did not happen [28][32] 2. Overseas Insights on Central Bank Bond - Buying - **Fed's "Scarce Reserves" Framework**: Before 2008, the Fed used this framework. Treasury bond trading was a liquidity management tool, and small - scale trading could affect the federal funds rate and other interest rates [39] - **Fed's Bond - Buying with QE and Twist Operations**: From 2008 - 2014, the Fed used large - scale asset - purchase programs and twist operations to influence the yield curve and long - term interest rates [52][53] - **BOJ's YCC Practice**: Since 1999, Japan has implemented QE. In 2016, it introduced YCC to control the yield curve more precisely, aiming to achieve inflation targets and address negative impacts of previous policies [55][57] 3. Outlook on Central Bank Bond - Buying - **Current Situation**: China's central bank holds a relatively low proportion of treasury bonds compared to the Fed and the BOJ. Commercial banks are the main holders of Chinese treasury bonds [63] - **Reasons for the Difference**: The short implementation time of treasury bond trading in China, different tool positioning, and limited treasury bond liquidity are the main reasons [76] - **Future Deduction**: In operation, there may be more expectation management. The tool will focus on liquidity management and curve regulation. The restart window may be around August - September. There will also be optimization of supporting measures [81][83][84]

"美国政府的支出比收入多40%，而且实际上无法削减开支，"达利欧说，并补充道，"其累积债务是年 收入的6倍……每年的利息支出达1万亿美元，占预算赤字的一半。" 达利欧还解释说，美国政府只能通过发行更多债务，以及"央行（美联储）印钞"来偿还债务。 这可能导致市场越来越恐慌。达利欧认为，新一轮大规模量化宽松，或政府接管美联储，都可能引发市 场崩盘。 资深资产管理大师雷·达利欧（Ray Dalio）建议投资者，鉴于债券和股票市场风险上升，应将至少15% 的投资组合配置给黄金和比特币。 这位桥水联合基金（Bridgewater Associates）创始人在《顶级投资者播客》（The Master Investor Podcast）中表示，美国及其他地区政府债务上升所带来的宏观经济风险尚未反映在市场定价中，市场 最终可能面临大幅下跌。 另一方面，一些专家指出，黄金的风险往往比宣传的要高。加密货币分析师兼作家格伦·古德曼（Glen Goodman）告诉Decrypt，历史上某些时期对黄金来说很艰难。 "不可否认比特币价格波动大，但别忘了，1980年通胀危机期间买入黄金并持有20年的人，实际损失了 85%的资金，"他说， ...

Market Overview - US stock index futures are all up ahead of the market opening, with Dow futures rising by 0.13%, S&P 500 futures up by 0.13%, and Nasdaq futures increasing by 0.05% [1] - European indices show a decline, with Germany's DAX down by 0.78%, UK's FTSE 100 down by 0.38%, France's CAC40 down by 0.03%, and the Euro Stoxx 50 down by 0.40% [2][3] - WTI crude oil prices increased by 0.35% to $66.26 per barrel, while Brent crude oil also rose by 0.35% to $69.42 per barrel [4] Earnings Season Insights - The Q2 earnings season for US stocks has started strong, with approximately 83% of S&P 500 companies reporting earnings above analyst expectations, potentially marking the highest "surprise" ratio since Q2 2021 [5] - The S&P 500 index has risen by 28% since its low on April 8, and the equal-weighted S&P 500 index has also reached a record high [5] Institutional Investor Sentiment - A Goldman Sachs survey indicates a surge in institutional confidence towards US stocks, particularly the "Magnificent Seven" tech giants, while bearish sentiment towards the US dollar is at a ten-year high [6] - Key factors driving optimism include the Federal Reserve's dovish stance, the rising AI sector, and a decrease in geopolitical risk perceptions [6] Economic Concerns - Raghuram Rajan warns of potential economic turmoil despite current stability, citing delayed impacts of tariffs and aggressive fiscal policies as risks [7] - Concerns are raised about the sustainability of high stock valuations driven by excessive liquidity from the Federal Reserve and the Treasury [8] Company-Specific Developments - Intel's Q2 revenue was $12.86 billion, meeting expectations, but the company faces challenges with a declining gross margin of 27.5% and ongoing layoffs [9] - Newmont Corporation reported Q2 revenue of $5.32 billion, a 20.9% year-over-year increase, driven by rising gold prices, with net profit soaring from $838 million to $2.06 billion [10] - Google Cloud secured a $12 billion deal with ServiceNow, enhancing its position in the cloud computing market amid rising AI demand [11] - Goldman Sachs has decided against a second round of layoffs for 46,000 employees due to better-than-expected recovery in its investment banking business [12] - Charles Schwab announced a new $20 billion stock buyback plan, reflecting confidence in its growth prospects [13]

Core Viewpoint - Japan has been in a prolonged low-interest-rate environment since the early 1990s, significantly impacting its economic growth and financial policies [1][2][3]. Economic Growth Phases - Japan experienced rapid economic growth from 1955 to 1970, with a real GDP compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.6%, followed by moderate growth from 1975 to 1990 with a CAGR of 4.4%. However, from 1993 to 2024, the CAGR dropped to 0.57%, indicating stagnation [2][3][4]. Monetary Policy and Market Response - The Bank of Japan has implemented various monetary easing policies, including quantitative easing and negative interest rates, to stimulate the economy since the bubble burst in the 1990s, but the overall effectiveness has been limited [3][4][5]. - The yield on Japan's 10-year government bonds has been on a downward trend, even dipping below 0% after the introduction of negative interest rates in 2016, making Japan the first G7 country to experience negative yields [4][5]. Stock Market Performance - The Nikkei 225 index saw a recovery post-2013 due to quantitative easing, with significant contributions from the depreciation of the yen, which boosted profits for export-oriented companies. However, it only surpassed pre-bubble levels in 2024 [5][6]. Economic Structure and Challenges - Consumption remains the largest contributor to Japan's GDP, accounting for about three-quarters, while net exports have increasingly contributed less due to structural issues and reliance on imported resources [8][10]. - Despite low interest rates reducing corporate financing costs, they have also led to lower capital returns, limiting wage growth and consumer spending, resulting in persistent low inflation [10][12]. Historical Context of Low Interest Rates - Japan's transition to a low-interest-rate environment began in response to the economic bubble burst in the early 1990s, with the Bank of Japan gradually lowering rates to combat economic stagnation and deflation [13][15][16]. - The introduction of negative interest rates in 2016 was an unprecedented move aimed at achieving a 2% inflation target, but it has faced challenges in delivering sustainable economic growth [16][18]. Banking Sector Adjustments - Japanese banks have shifted their asset structures in response to the prolonged low-interest-rate environment, increasing investments in cash and securities while traditional lending has seen slower growth [19][20][25]. - Regional banks have focused on local economies, while larger city banks have diversified into foreign bonds to enhance returns amid competitive pressures in the domestic lending market [30][31]. Investment Strategies and Innovations - Japanese banks are increasingly optimizing their bond investment portfolios to balance liquidity and profitability, with a notable shift towards foreign securities and corporate bonds [30][39]. - Innovations in structured products are being developed to meet the investment needs of smaller financial institutions and investors, allowing them to access higher-yield foreign bonds while managing currency risks [38][45]. Lessons for Other Markets - The experience of Japan's banking sector in navigating a low-interest-rate environment offers valuable insights for other markets, particularly in terms of risk management and investment diversification strategies [39][50].

Core Viewpoint - The Bank of England is under pressure to hold a significant portion of its long-term government bonds, potentially for decades, due to market volatility and changing buyer dynamics [1][2]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - Forecasting institutions, including Oxford Economics and HSBC, predict that the Bank of England will limit the sale of its remaining £163 billion (approximately $219 billion) of government bonds with maturities over 20 years, marking a shift in its approach to reducing its crisis-era balance sheet [1]. - The market for long-term UK government bonds is increasingly reliant on more volatile hedge funds and foreign investors, as traditional stable buyers like pension funds reduce their demand [1]. - Recent market events, such as the sell-off of 30-year bonds due to rumors of the Chancellor's dismissal, highlight the fragility of the current market environment [1]. Group 2: Quantitative Tightening Strategy - The Bank of England is currently reducing its bond holdings at a rate of approximately £100 billion per year, with plans for £13 billion in active sales and £87 billion in natural maturities [2]. - There is a potential slowdown in the quantitative tightening process, with expectations of only £26 billion in active sales next year, which could pose market risks [2]. - The Bank of England's Governor has indicated changes in the liquidity of the long-end yield curve, suggesting future sales may be lower than previously anticipated [2]. Group 3: Policy Recommendations - Michael Saunders, a former rate setter at the Bank of England, advocates for a new strategy where a significant portion of long-term debt will not be sold, aiming to reduce risks to market stability [2][5]. - Saunders' proposal includes retaining £163 billion of long-term bonds while continuing to reduce holdings of bonds with maturities between 3 to 20 years, which could mitigate the risk of market disruption [5]. - The plan involves recognizing losses on certain bonds, which would be offset by the Bank's cash holdings, making the arrangement financially beneficial [5]. Group 4: Historical Context - The Bank of England has purchased more long-term government bonds than other central banks following the financial crisis, Brexit, and the pandemic, necessitating active debt sales while other central banks can allow their balance sheets to shrink naturally [6].

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The report focuses on the strategies of various US funds in response to interest rate declines and low - interest periods. US asset management institutions adapt to cycles and innovate to deal with changes. In the post - financial crisis interest rate decline period, they developed bond ETFs, increased overseas investment, and reduced management fees. In the interest rate increase period after 2021, they increased inflation - linked bond investments [3][87]. - The US has experienced two low - interest periods in the 21st century. The first was from the end of 2008 to the end of 2015, and the second was from March 2020 to March 2022. Different types of funds showed different performance and asset allocation changes during these periods [11]. Summary by Directory 1. US Low - Interest Period Review - 21st - century US low - interest periods: There were two periods when the policy rate was maintained in the 0 - 0.25% range. The first was from the end of 2008 to the end of 2015 due to the 2008 global financial crisis, and the second was from March 2020 to March 2022 because of the global public health event [11]. - 2008 - 2016 interest rate situation: After the sub - prime mortgage crisis, the Fed took measures such as conventional interest rate cuts and quantitative easing. The interest rate showed a "step - by - step decline + periodic shock" feature. The 10Y US Treasury yield dropped sharply in 2008 and then fluctuated [12][21]. - 2020 - 2022 interest rate situation: The global public health event led to a sharp economic downturn. The Fed took aggressive measures. The interest rate cycle turned earlier, and the low - interest period was shorter. The 10 - year US Treasury yield started to rise in September 2020 [25][26]. 2. Evolution of US Mutual Fund Asset Allocation 2.1 Structure Evolution of Mutual Funds - Fund types and scale relationship: US mutual funds include stock, hybrid, bond, and money market funds. Stock funds dominate, so the total scale is highly correlated with the stock market. There is a rotation relationship between bond and money market funds [31]. - 2008 - 2016 asset rotation: In 2008, the financial crisis made money market funds grow. From 2009 - 2012, funds flowed from money market funds to bond funds. After 2012, funds returned from low - risk assets to equity assets [32][37]. - 2020 - 2022 situation: Interest rate trends had no significant impact on the portfolio structure. Investors increased inflation - linked bonds to hedge inflation risks [41]. 2.2 Asset Allocation Changes of Bond Funds - Types of bond funds: Include investment - grade corporate bond funds, high - yield bond funds, global bond funds, government bond funds, etc. [42]. - Asset allocation in different periods: In the interest rate decline and early low - interest periods, low - risk bond funds increased. In the later low - interest period (2013 - 2016), bond funds increased returns through credit downgrading. They also increased overseas bond investments and the proportion of multi - allocation and alternative strategy bond funds [45][52][56]. 2.3 Asset Allocation Changes of Money Market Funds - Types of money market funds: Divided into taxable and tax - exempt. Taxable funds include government and non - government money market funds. - Low - interest period performance: In low - interest periods, the proportion of government money market funds increased, and money market funds increased returns by extending duration [60][64]. 2.4 ETF Structure Changes - ETF composition: Composed of stock, hybrid, bond, and commodity ETFs, with stock ETFs dominant. - Low - interest period performance: In the first low - interest period, the proportion of bond and commodity ETFs increased. Active - management ETFs emerged, and increasing overseas assets became a strategy to increase returns [72][74][75]. 3. Fee Optimization and Operational Innovation of US Mutual Funds - Fee structure: Consists of one - time fees (front - end and back - end sales fees) and continuous fees (management fees, 12b - 1 fees, etc.). - Fee reduction trend: Over the past 20 years, management fees have decreased. Index funds' proportion increased due to their fee advantages. Low - interest rates promoted fee reduction through multiple paths [77]. - Fee - related innovation: Low - interest rates promoted the popularity of no - load shares and zero - commission platforms, and the independence of consulting fees, which reduced the overall industry fee level [84]. 4. Implications of US Fund Asset Allocation in Low - Interest Periods - Interest rate decline strategy: Increase low - risk government and investment - grade bonds during rapid interest rate declines and use credit downgrading after a long - term low - interest period [87]. - Overseas investment: Increase overseas bond investments to balance risks and increase returns [88]. - Fee strategy: With the trend of fee reduction, the proportion of index funds continues to expand [88]. - Financial innovation: Use financial innovation such as multi - allocation and alternative strategies to resist cycle fluctuations and buy inflation - protection bonds to hedge inflation risks [89].