5月19-25 日期间接受调查的36位全球范围内的经济学家全部预计，韩国央行将于5月29日把韩国基准利 率下调 25个基点至2.50%，该水平的利率上次出现于2022年8月。 来自法国兴业银行的韩国首席经济学家吴锡泰表示："4月的货币政策会议上，政策制定者们已强烈暗示 将会降息，且短期经济增长预期也可能被显著下调。此后公布的数据并未出现足以阻止韩国央行降息的 因素。事实上，一季度经济收缩、美国关税不确定性持续以及美元/韩元汇率下跌，都进一步支持韩国 央行货币宽松政策。" 在提供长期利率展望的27名受访经济学家中，有 23位经济学家预计到下一季度末基准利率将在当前水 平基础上再降50个基点至 2.25%，该观点与上期调查数据大体一致。 智通财经APP获悉，一项面向多位经济学家的最新调查数据显示，他们集体预计韩国央行将于周四把关 键政策利率下调25个基点，主要因上季度韩国经济活动意外萎缩且通胀持续趋于温和，加之央行的政策 制定者们已经充分暗示了降息可能性，为韩国央行重启宽松货币政策周期提供了重要的数据凭证。 值得注意的是，韩国央行行长李昌镛此前在4月的货币政策会议上已暗示降息的可能性，叠加几天后公 布的韩国官方数 ...

Group 1: Economic Environment and Challenges - The current international situation is evolving significantly, with increasing competition in technology and industry, leading to heightened external uncertainties [2] - Trade protectionism is on the rise, increasing export pressures on China, particularly in industries heavily reliant on exports to the U.S. such as machinery and electronics [3] - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has downgraded its global economic growth forecast for 2025 from 3.3% to 2.8% due to ongoing trade policy uncertainties [3] Group 2: Supply Chain and Manufacturing Risks - There are two major risks for China's manufacturing sector: decoupling and technology blockade, as developed countries attempt to reduce reliance on Chinese supply chains [4] - Developed countries are implementing strategies to attract low-end manufacturing away from China, while simultaneously restricting high-end manufacturing technology from leaving [4] Group 3: Financial Market Volatility - Global financial markets are experiencing increased volatility due to economic and political uncertainties, which may exacerbate capital flow fluctuations in China [5] - Financial sanctions and restrictions on capital markets are making it more difficult for Chinese companies to secure financing [5] Group 4: Fiscal Policy Response - A more proactive fiscal policy is deemed essential for enhancing the certainty of high-quality economic development in response to external shocks [6] - The Chinese government has a relatively low debt-to-GDP ratio of 67.5%, providing significant room for fiscal policy expansion compared to G20 and G7 countries [8] Group 5: Implementation of Fiscal Policies - The focus of fiscal policy should be on enhancing social welfare, promoting consumption, and increasing investment efficiency to stimulate domestic demand [9] - Coordination between fiscal and monetary policies is crucial for effective macroeconomic management, ensuring that government investments lead to increased social investments [11]

Core Viewpoint - The meeting highlighted the challenges faced by international trade and economic order, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to stabilize the economy and maintain trade resilience [1] Group 1: Economic Challenges - The international economic and trade order is experiencing severe shocks, leading to increased fragmentation of supply chains and rising trade barriers [1] - These challenges are significantly impacting economic development across countries [1] Group 2: Policy Responses - In response to external shocks, the government is enhancing macroeconomic policy adjustments, implementing more proactive fiscal policies, and adopting moderately loose monetary policies [1] - The economy has shown signs of recovery this year, particularly in foreign trade, which has maintained strong resilience [1] Group 3: Future Measures - The government is preparing to introduce measures to stabilize employment and the economy, while also researching new policy tools, including unconventional measures, to be deployed as needed based on changing circumstances [1] - There is confidence in the ability to sustain positive economic momentum [1]

每经记者｜刘明涛 每经编辑｜彭水萍 随着经济稳定，龙头上市公司经营趋于稳定，5月以来，A股核心资产持续走强，股指整体保持反弹趋势。本周，每经品牌100指数继续在1100点附近进行调 整，截至5月23日收盘，每经品牌100指数周跌0.03%，以1096.38点报收。 港股成分股涨幅靠前 本周受益于经济数据持续表现出韧性以及年内首次LPR下调等利好因素，沪指一度走出三连阳，然而市场后续未能延续上行趋势，周四、周五有所回落。从 周K线来看，上证指数周跌0.57%，深证成指周跌0.46%，创业板指和科创50指数跌幅较大，周跌0.88%和1.47%。相较A股主要宽基指数，每经品牌100指数 表现相对抗跌，周跌0.03%，以1096.38点报收。 从成分股表现来看，港股市场成分股表现更优。东方海外国际、中国通信服务以及美团周涨幅分别达到6.92%、4.31%以及4.19%，小米集团、吉利汽车以及 华润医药周涨幅则在3%左右。而顺丰控股、比亚迪、中信银行、长安汽车、上海电气以及中远海控周涨幅也在3%以上。 | 证券代码 | 证券简称 | 周涨跌幅 (％) | 周市値 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | ...

Core Viewpoint - Domestic demand is becoming the main driver of economic growth in China amidst external uncertainties, but there is a notable decline in fiscal revenue, necessitating more effective allocation of limited fiscal resources [2][8]. Fiscal Policy and Investment - China has implemented active fiscal policies for nearly two decades, but the effectiveness is diminishing, indicating a potential shift towards consumption-driven growth [2][5]. - Government investment and consumption should work in tandem, with a focus on local government spending, which has been growing at a slower rate compared to central government spending [2][5][7]. - Local government spending accounts for 86% of the general public budget, highlighting the need for structural reforms to enhance fiscal policy effectiveness [6][7]. Infrastructure and Investment Projects - China's infrastructure development is significant, with the country holding two-thirds of the world's total infrastructure mileage, including 45% of global highways and over 60% of 5G base stations [3]. - Some investment projects, particularly in the central and western regions, are struggling to break even due to low passenger traffic, making them less viable under current fiscal constraints [4]. Consumption and Economic Growth - Recent government reports emphasize the importance of consumption alongside investment, as both are essential for expanding domestic demand [5]. - Investment and consumption should be viewed as interrelated, with government investment potentially stimulating private investment and consumption [5][10]. Fiscal Policy Effectiveness - Current economic conditions suggest that fiscal policy may be more effective than monetary policy in stimulating growth, especially given low inflation and the limited scope for interest rate cuts [9]. - There is potential for fiscal measures to enhance investment and consumption confidence, with suggestions for establishing a blacklist system to prevent inefficient investments [10]. Challenges and Recommendations - The fiscal landscape is characterized by several inequalities, such as local government expenditures exceeding national fiscal revenues, which complicates macroeconomic management [6]. - To stimulate demand, it is recommended to implement policies that can quickly boost consumption, such as infrastructure investments and social welfare programs [10].

Core Viewpoint - The report by SEB Research's chief interest rate strategist Jussi Hiljanen indicates that U.S. long-term Treasury yields are likely to rise further due to declining market confidence in U.S. policies, which may lead to a significant repricing of U.S. government debt [1] Summary by Relevant Categories Market Confidence - Trust in U.S. policies is eroding, contributing to upward pressure on long-term Treasury yields [1] Valuation and Investment Trends - The lack of attractiveness in valuations, considering foreign exchange hedging costs, is prompting investors to shift towards European bonds [1] Yield Expectations - Long-term U.S. Treasury yields are expected to rise moderately, with fiscal policy potentially triggering a substantial repricing of U.S. government debt [1]

"以旧换新" 政策的创新设计，打通了"投资端发力—生产端升级—消费端受益"的价值链条。商务部的 数据显示，4月汽车、家电等12大类消费品以旧换新规模达4941.6万台，带动相关消费7200亿元。财政 资金向消费倾斜引导社会消费品零售总额增长至5.1%，创近1年新高，逐步回归长期潜在增长水平。政 策层面，超长期特别国债3000亿元用于消费品以旧换新政策的支出，规模较去年翻倍，一方面巩固汽车 和家电等新质生产力的消费提振成果，化解产能过剩的困局；另一方扩围消费品补贴范围至手机、平 板、手表、手环、自行车、家居等商品。部分地方政府在财政压力缓解后，将消费补贴行动扩展至服务 业领域，促使消费从依赖补贴演变至市场化自主循环，体育娱乐、烟酒等可选消费和粮油、日用品、餐 饮等必需消费均持续改善。 在一季度3.4% 的工业企业营业收入增速中，汽车制造、船舶航空、电气机械和计算机通信设备等新质 生产力产业贡献率接近30%，营业收入同比增速保持在10%以上，远超传统制造业4.6%的增速。这种结 构性变化背后，是国家产业政策资金 "投早投小" 的战略定力，是长达数年科研投入、资本投资的成 果，支撑起经济在新旧产能转换背景下的增长动 ...

Group 1 - The core issue revolves around President Trump's tax proposal, which has passed the House but faces challenges in the Senate due to rising U.S. debt and bond market concerns [1][9][10] - The 30-year U.S. Treasury yield has surpassed 5%, indicating investor anxiety about the fiscal situation, which could lead to higher borrowing costs and economic slowdown [1][2][8] - Moody's has downgraded the U.S. credit rating, highlighting that the country's economic strength is no longer sufficient to offset declining fiscal indicators, with debt projected to rise to 134% of GDP in the next decade [1][4][7] Group 2 - The tax bill includes new tax benefits for key political groups, but Republican senators are signaling a need for spending cuts to mitigate fiscal pain [1][10] - The demand for 20-year bonds was weak during a recent auction, reflecting growing investor concerns about U.S. fiscal health [2][3] - The Congressional Budget Office predicts that by 2029, U.S. debt will exceed 106% of GDP, marking a historical high [4][7] Group 3 - Republican leaders are under pressure to achieve a legislative victory before the midterm elections, with the tax bill seen as crucial for maintaining support [9][10] - The potential for increased interest payments due to rising yields could exacerbate the government's fiscal challenges [2][3] - The proposed increase in state and local tax deduction limits from $10,000 to $40,000 is a key negotiation point among Republicans [7]

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 高拓（13705969808） 核心观点 收入端承压之下 （ 1-4 月税收收入同比 -2.1% ，卖地收入同比 -11.4% ）， 今年财政或较往年更依赖债务端；通过观察政府债发行，可以得到若干财政政策线 索： 线索 1 ： 年内财政要保持力度，或大概率需要增量债务。 考虑到 7.2% 的广义财政支出累计增速已明显高于全年预算安排增速 （我们测算约 3.4%~5.1% ，详见 《财政三个关切思辨：规模、缺口、乘数》 ）， 政府债累计净融资同比也已明显"超量" （截至 5 月 20 日，累计同比已增加 6.2-2.6=3.6 万亿，而全年预计同比增 量为 2.2 万亿） ， 如年内收入端不出现明显改善 （或是大概率情形：当前物价低位运行、卖地收入尚未企稳，而关税影响尚未体现）， 财政要保持力度，或需要 增量债务 。 线索 2 ： 二季度非赤字债赶进度，或反映 财政边际倾斜投资 。 线索 3 ： 今年增量债务的抓手或在中央， 预算内国债加码、预算外准财政补资本金可期 。 报告摘要 一、 发债快慢之间的财政线 ...

德银警告，美国财政风险持续下，美债能撑住，美元撑不住。 因此，投资者对美债兴趣减弱，30年期和20年期美债收益率双双突破5%，本应更具吸引力，但最新20年期国债的拍卖结果却表现不佳，显示海外资金正 在悄然撤离。美债未来可能需要美国本土机构来接盘。 据追风交易台消息，5月21日，德银发布研报指出，美元当前面临的最大威胁，可能不是别的，而是美国政府自身的财政状况。目前美国财政"不确定性指 数"飙到历史新高，源头是税改、赤字争议不断。 即使美国机构接手美债，也无法抵消外资撤出对美元的打击。因为本土机构没有那么多海外资产可以"卖了换美元"来对冲这个空缺，外汇流出是实打实 的。 外资撤离，美债或稳，汇率难保 德银指出，美国"财政政策不确定性指数"已飙升至历史新高，主要源于围绕税改、财政赤字与长期预算前景的持续争议。而更糟的是，在经济状况并不差 的背景下，美国的财政赤字却异常巨大、且难以持续。 按照过去几十年的规律，财政赤字的规模应该和失业率高度相关，失业高、政府才多花钱救市，但现在的失业率这么低，照理说预算应该接近平衡才对， 结果赤字反而还在加速膨胀。 德银表示，财政疑云下，投资者对美债兴趣正在减弱。美债收益率持续上涨 ...