中信证券：在贸易冲突背景下，预计从4月PMI开始，数据层面将逐步反映压力，适时降准降息时点临 近，收益率曲线先牛陡后牛平的概率更大。 ...

粤开证券首席经济学家、研究院院长罗志恒也认为，二季度或是降准降息兑现期。一方面，实际利率仍 然偏高，需要降准降息提振居民消费意愿和企业投资意愿；另一方面，面对外部因素影响，二季度需要 更大力度的宏观调控政策支持。此外，近期美元资产遭抛售，人民币汇率压力有所减小。预计二季度或 将降准0.5个百分点，降息0.1个百分点至0.2个百分点。 "下一阶段，作为释放长期流动性的工具，降准的优先级仍然最高。随着二季度财政加大宽松力度，降 准最有可能率先落地。"民生银行首席经济学家温彬认为，降息主要会受到人民币汇率和商业银行净息 差的掣肘。由于美元相对走弱，汇率掣肘暂不明显，但净息差的约束仍需要关注。因此，下一阶段可能 按照下调结构性货币政策工具利率、下调7天期逆回购利率和下调LPR(贷款市场报价利率)的顺序推进。 在浙商证券首席经济学家李超看来，降准的核心驱动因素是配合财政政策发力，但央行也会综合考虑买 断式逆回购和MLF(中期借贷便利)到期量与投放量；降息方面，仍需关注DR007(银行间市场存款类机构 7天期回购加权平均利率)与7天期逆回购操作利率走势，若市场利率持续低于政策利率则降息窗口打 开。全年看，预计2025年货 ...

银河宏观｜离降准降息还有多远？20250126 Q&A 当前中国货币政策的基准判断是什么？ 我们认为在内外兼顾的背景下，中国货币政策将在二季度从宽松的序曲渐进走 向实质性宽松，并将与财政政策协同发力。货币政策的优先目标会逐步过渡到 经济增长和充分就业，呈现结构和总量工具双重发力的状态。 中国货币政策框架是如何运作的？ 中国货币政策框架是一个内外兼顾下的相机抉择体系，实行多目标制，包括经 济增长、充分就业、币值稳定、金融稳定以及国际收支平衡。在不同阶段，这 些目标可能会有优先排序，根据内部和外部环境变化进行调整。例如，2024 年 7 月至 12 月期间，货币政策主要聚焦于经济增长，而进入 2025 年 1 月后 则切换至金融稳定和汇率稳定。 • 政治局会议提出创设新的结构性货币政策工具和新型政策性金融工具，聚 焦科技、消费和外贸领域，引导商业银行信贷投放方向，解决重大项目资 本金缺口问题，推动信用扩张。 • 预计全面降息大概率在二季度落地，具体时间窗口可能在美联储 6 月再次 开启降息后进一步确认时，或保持政策利率不变，单独引导 LPR 下行。 为什么认为中国货币政策在二季度会转向实质性宽松？ 摘要 • 中国 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - In April 2025, the central bank conducted an MLF injection of 600 billion yuan, with a net injection of 500 billion yuan after deducting the maturity amount. The central bank showed a loose liquidity stance, and the bond issuance schedule may be a key factor in judging the window period of monetary easing [1][16]. - The issuance of local special - purpose bonds in 2025 has mainly been for replacing hidden debts so far. A larger - scale issuance is expected after the Politburo meeting at the end of April. May - June will be an important window period for monetary easing, and a reserve requirement ratio cut is still needed for a large - scale one - time liquidity release [2][17][21]. - In the context of the gradual strengthening of fiscal policy, monetary policy needs to cooperate through a reserve requirement ratio cut, but interest rate cuts need to wait due to the unclear outlook of tariffs. It is recommended to pay attention to the April PMI to be released next week [3][22]. - This week, the yields of short - and long - term US Treasury bonds continued to decline, and the curve flattened. US Treasury bonds still have relatively high allocation attractiveness. It is recommended to continue to be bullish on US Treasury bonds and gold, and be neutral on the US dollar [4][23][25]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 One - Week Views - **Policy Rhythm Assessment**: In April 2025, the MLF was over - renewed by 500 billion yuan, showing a loose liquidity attitude. The bond issuance schedule is crucial for judging the monetary easing window period. The issuance of local special - purpose bonds has mainly been for debt replacement, and a larger - scale issuance is expected after the Politburo meeting. May - June will be a key window for monetary easing, and a reserve requirement ratio cut is necessary for large - scale liquidity release [1][2][16][17]. - **US Treasury Yield Outlook**: This week, the yields of short - and long - term US Treasury bonds declined, and the curve flattened. US Treasury bonds have high allocation attractiveness. Non - US economies' fiscal policies may raise the interest rate center in the medium term. It is recommended to be bullish on US Treasury bonds and gold and neutral on the US dollar. The US housing market, consumer confidence, and Fed's interest - rate policy all show complex trends [4][23][25]. 3.2 Domestic and Foreign Data Summaries 3.2.1 Liquidity Tracking - **Open - Market Operations**: From April 21 - 25, 2025, the total net injection through open - market operations was 67.4 billion yuan. The central bank's open - market operations have maintained a rhythm of net withdrawal in the first half of the week and net injection in the second half [40]. - **Interest Rates**: The money - market interest rates and bond yields showed certain fluctuations. For example, the yields of some bonds such as national debt and policy - bank bonds generally increased [53][119][121]. 3.2.2 Domestic and Foreign Macroeconomic Data Tracking - **Real - Estate Market**: The total transaction area of commercial housing decreased. Steel prices and LME non - ferrous metal futures official prices increased. The prices of coking coal and thermal coal showed certain trends, and the yields of inter - bank certificates of deposit and Yu'E Bao also changed [62][63][64]. 3.3 Local Bond One - Week Review 3.3.1 Primary - Market Issuance Overview - **Issuance Scale**: A total of 47 local bonds were issued in the primary market this week, with an issuance amount of 191.123 billion yuan, a repayment amount of 28.61 billion yuan, and a net financing amount of 162.512 billion yuan. The main investment direction is comprehensive [78]. - **Provincial Distribution**: Nine provinces and cities issued local bonds this week. Shandong, Anhui, and Jiangsu ranked in the top three in terms of issuance amount. Four provinces and cities issued special refinancing bonds for replacing hidden debts, with Anhui, Shandong, and Jiangsu ranking in the top three [81][85]. 3.3.2 Secondary - Market Overview - **Trading Volume and Turnover Rate**: The stock of local bonds this week was 50.4 trillion yuan, the trading volume was 405.906 billion yuan, and the turnover rate was 0.81%. The top three provinces with active trading were Shandong, Jiangsu, and Guangdong. The top three active trading terms were 30Y, 10Y, and 20Y [95]. - **Yield Changes**: The yields of local bonds generally increased this week [98]. 3.3.3 This Month's Local Bond Issuance Plan No detailed information was provided in the text. 3.4 Credit Bond Market One - Week Review 3.4.1 Primary - Market Issuance Overview - **Total Issuance**: A total of 554 credit bonds were issued in the primary market this week, with a total issuance amount of 546.509 billion yuan, a total repayment amount of 430.577 billion yuan, and a net financing amount of 115.933 billion yuan, an increase of 22.933 billion yuan compared with last week [102]. - **Bond - Type Breakdown**: The net financing amount of short - term financing bills was 34.145 billion yuan, medium - term notes was 65.393 billion yuan, enterprise bonds was - 13.5378 billion yuan, corporate bonds was 50.445 billion yuan, and private placement notes was - 20.513 billion yuan [107]. 3.4.2 Issuance Interest Rates The actual issuance interest rates of various bond types increased to varying degrees this week. For example, the issuance interest rate of short - term financing bills increased by 2.54 BP, and that of medium - term notes increased by 2.28 BP [117]. 3.4.3 Secondary - Market Transaction Overview The total trading volume of credit bonds this week was 595.007 billion yuan. The trading volume of short - term financing bills was 174.025 billion yuan, medium - term notes was 298.665 billion yuan, enterprise bonds was 138.86 billion yuan, corporate bonds was 443.31 billion yuan, and private placement notes was 641.01 billion yuan [118]. 3.4.4 Maturity Yields The maturity yields of various bonds such as national development bank bonds, short - term financing bills, medium - term notes, enterprise bonds, and urban investment bonds generally increased this week [119][121][122][124]. 3.4.5 Credit Spreads The credit spreads of short - term financing bills, medium - term notes, enterprise bonds, and urban investment bonds generally widened this week [125][129][131]. 3.4.6 Grade Spreads The grade spreads of short - term financing bills, medium - term notes, enterprise bonds, and urban investment bonds showed a differentiated trend this week [136][140][145]. 3.4.7 Trading Activity The industrial sector had the largest weekly trading volume of bonds this week, reaching 369.774 billion yuan, followed by public utilities, finance, materials, and optional consumption [149]. 3.4.8 Subject Rating Changes There were no downgrades or upgrades of issuer subject ratings or outlooks this week [151].

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content found Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - The bond market has been in a sideways trend for two weeks, and there are three reasons why interest rates cannot decline: the central bank's restrained use of monetary policy, the short - end's inability to decline restricting the long - end's decline, and the lingering concern of negative Carry [2][3][10] - After the Politburo meeting, the trading directions include grasping the central bank's operations and double - cut expectations, considering the impact of external shocks on fundamental pricing, and making appropriate strategy and position selections [14] - The bond market is about to confirm the economic fundamentals in April. Holding bonds during holidays may be a better strategy. In May, the peak of fiscal supply and loose monetary policy may lower the capital interest rate center. One can also take advantage of the widening spread between 30Y - 10Y bonds and extend the duration [15] Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs Reasons for the bond market's sideways trend and non - decline of interest rates - The central bank's restrained use of monetary policy suppresses the downward imagination space of short - term bonds. In the TS2506 futures contract, there are two stages: in the first stage, the expectation of loose money led to the steepening of the contract and a high IRR; in the second stage, the positive arbitrage strategy value emerged, and the short - end interest rate was difficult to decline under the influence of capital interest rates and central bank operations [3][5] - The short - end's inability to decline restricts the long - end's decline. The current yield curve is extremely flat, with the 10Y - 1Y term spread approaching the lowest level in nearly 3 years at 21bp [7][9] - Negative Carry is still a concern but has been significantly alleviated. Although it is not the main contradiction currently, it may intensify if the bond market continues to move sideways [10] Trading directions after the Politburo meeting - Grasp the central bank's operations and double - cut expectations. Considering factors such as the fiscal supply peak in May - June, the impact of tariffs on the economy in the second quarter, and the low leverage ratio in the bond market, one can take advantage of the central bank's care for liquidity to bet on the downward opportunity of the yield curve [14] - Consider the impact of external shocks on fundamental pricing. Given the uncertainty of trade frictions, holding bonds during holidays may be a better strategy, and the impact of fundamentals on interest rate increases is relatively limited [14] - Make appropriate strategy and position selections. After the tax - payment peak in April, the capital market is expected to be balanced and loose in May - June. One can extend the duration by taking advantage of the widening spread between 30Y - 10Y bonds and wait for the interest rate to decline [14]

Monetary Policy and Market Liquidity - The central bank conducted a net liquidity injection of 674 billion CNY this week, with a significant 600 billion CNY MLF operation on Friday, marking a net MLF injection of 500 billion CNY for April, the highest since 2024[2][6]. - The average daily transaction volume of pledged repos increased by 0.01 trillion CNY to 6.34 trillion CNY, indicating a recovery in market activity[14]. Interest Rate Trends - The DR007 rate fell to 1.64%, the lowest since mid-January, reflecting stable liquidity conditions despite the central bank's shift to net absorption in the latter half of the week[6][21]. - The expectation for interest rate cuts has diminished, with the market showing a muted response to the political bureau's reiteration of "timely cuts" in monetary policy[21][22]. Government Debt Issuance - In April, the total issuance of government bonds reached 2.16 trillion CNY, with a net financing scale of 793.8 billion CNY, a decrease of approximately 680 billion CNY compared to March[29]. - The upcoming week will see a net repayment of government debt increasing from -130.1 billion CNY to 121.1 billion CNY, indicating a shift in cash flow dynamics[23][25]. Institutional Behavior - The net financing from banks returned above 3 trillion CNY, reflecting the central bank's commitment to maintaining stable liquidity, although there is no intention to significantly lower funding costs in the short term[21][22]. - The cross-month progress of various institutions reached 37.7%, the highest level in five years, influenced by the unique trading calendar of April[18].

4月25日，上期所螺纹期货仓单录得202077吨，较上一交易日减少1226吨；最近一周，螺纹期货仓单累 计增加4514吨，增加幅度为2.28%；最近一个月，螺纹期货仓单累计增加46028吨，增加幅度为29.5%。 周五夜盘，螺纹钢期货主力合约小幅上涨1.67%，报3162.00元/吨。 【消息面汇总】 新世纪期货：月初关税冲击落地，但总量降准降息工具仍未发力，市场对未来谨慎心态，基差逐步走 扩。螺纹目前处于中性估值水平，短流程谷电利润也逐步进入亏损，成本支撑加强。五大材供增需减， 螺纹需求回落，有见顶迹象。后续下游需求下滑是事实，特别是出口雪上加霜。4月底有政治局会议， 一季度经济数据超预期，强刺激可能性不大，更多的是托举式、渐进式的政策支持，黑色整体或低位震 荡运行。 据调研了解，5月6日起四川钢厂将调整螺纹钢规格组距价差。具体调整如下：螺纹钢Φ16、Φ20和Ф22 规格在Φ18规格的基础上加价80元/吨上调至100元/吨 宝城期货：现阶段，螺纹钢产量小幅回落，供应平稳运行，但需求再度走弱，周度表需环比下降，旺季 需求表现不佳，供稳需弱局面下基本面改善未延续，叠加海外风险扰动未退，钢价继续承压、震荡偏弱 运 ...

事 件 点 评 2025 年 04 月 27 日 政策未超预期，经济或超预期 固定收益研究团队 ——事件点评 开 源 证 券 证 券 相关研究报告 《从上交所 3 号指引修订看城投债信 用分化—事件点评》-2025.4.10 《复盘 2016 年 10 月——债市再次处 于交易窗口期—固收专题》-2025.4.10 《关税冲击——再现 2020 年 3 月全球 疫情冲击—固收专题》-2025.4.8 陈曦（分析师） 刘伟（分析师） chenxi2@kysec.cn 证书编号：S0790521100002 liuwei1@kysec.cn 证书编号：S0790524070008 2025 年 4 月 25 日，中央政治局召开会议，分析研究当前经济形势和经济工作。 政策符合预期下，经济有望继续回升 我们认为，经济回升的关键不是"政策超预期"。 比如，2024 年四季度-2025 年一季度，2024 年 9 月 26 日之后市场期待特别国债、 消费补贴、化债规模等增量政策加码，但实际上，2024 年并未增发特别国债、 化债方式为"偿还存量"，超预期政策并未出现，但 2024 年四季度-2025 年一季 度，经济持续 ...

周度报告-国债期货 短线多空交织，市场继续震荡 [Table_Summary] ★一周复盘：国债期货高位震荡 国 债 期 货 本周（04.21-04.27）国债期货高位震荡。周一，LPR 利率按兵不 动，股市表现较强，国债期货震荡下跌。周二，税期过后资金 面边际转松，国债期货震荡上涨。周三，特朗普态度缓和，市 场预期后续关税水平将会下降，市场风险偏好回升，国债期货 震荡下跌。周四，贸易战缓和的预期边际下修，早盘国债期货 走强。午间特别国债一级需求尚可，但午后市场宽货币预期小 幅下降，国债期货震荡走弱。周五，上午国债期货窄幅震荡， 午后因政治局会议政策并未超市场预期，国债期货快速拉升。 截至 4 月 25 日收盘，两年、五年、十年和三十年期国债期货主 连合约结算价分别为 102.310、105.975、108.805 和 119.820 元， 分别较上周末变动-0.126、-0.250、-0.195 和+0.100 元。 ★短线多空交织，市场继续震荡 重要事项：本报告版权归上海东证期货有限公司所有。未获得东证期货书面授权，任何人不得对本报告进行任何形式的发布、复制。本报告的信息均来源于 公开资料，我公司对这些信 ...

Investment Rating - The report suggests a cautious approach towards investment in the current economic climate, emphasizing the need for strategic planning and policy implementation to mitigate risks associated with the ongoing US-China trade conflict [1][5]. Core Insights - The report highlights that the ongoing US-China trade conflict is perceived as a "struggle," with calls for emergency plans to support affected businesses and accelerate policy easing measures [1][5]. - It notes that the Chinese government is not in a rush to implement specific stimulus measures, aiming to project a calm and prepared image while assessing the uncertain impacts of new tariffs [2][4]. - The report warns that the simultaneous decline of the real estate market and export sector could have destructive and structural impacts on economic growth, necessitating policies that go beyond short-term stimulus [5][6]. - It emphasizes the importance of a proactive macroeconomic policy, urging the acceleration of fiscal and monetary policy measures, including the issuance of special bonds and potential interest rate cuts [8][10]. Summary by Sections Economic Policy - The report stresses the need for a more aggressive macroeconomic policy, advocating for the timely implementation of fiscal and monetary measures to stabilize the economy [8][10]. - It predicts a 50 basis point cut in reserve requirements and a 15 basis point interest rate cut in the second quarter, with similar actions expected in the fourth quarter [8][10]. Real Estate and Exports - The report indicates that the real estate sector continues to decline, and the export industry faces significant challenges due to high tariffs, which could exacerbate economic pressures [6][12]. - It suggests that the government should focus on reforming the real estate sector and improving policies related to housing inventory management [10][12]. Employment and Agriculture - The report highlights the importance of stabilizing the labor market and agricultural prices, particularly in light of the cessation of agricultural imports from the US due to tariffs [11][12]. - It calls for enhanced domestic agricultural production to ensure food security and price stability [12]. Support for Businesses - The report emphasizes the need for multi-faceted support for struggling enterprises, including improving financing channels and promoting domestic and international trade integration [13].