王维芒 资格编号：Z0000148 邮箱：Wangwm@zhqh.com.cn 中辉期货 时间：2025.04.30 摘要 【宏观总结】大类资产，市场消化特朗普的反复无常，黄金冲高回落，基本金属等走高， 国内过剩产能品种弱势运行。海外经济，海外数据分化，美国消费回落，主要国家货币政 策整体保持流动性宽松，后续美国通胀风险较大。关税谈判方面，部分国家有所妥协。中 国经济，4月制造业PMI明显回落，工业企业利润数据好转，其他基建和制造业数据有所回 升，企业负债率、应收账款等数据不尽如人意。地产高频数据复苏缓慢，央行释放流动性 呵护。中央政治局会议政策有定力，为未来贸易全面脱钩留下余地。 宏观金银宏观月报： 对等关税扰动全球，海内外经济隐忧多，金价大幅波动 【关注】贸易脱钩扩大，国内复苏不及预期，美元流动性危机（投资有风险 入市需谨慎） 2 1 资产价格逻辑分化 2 海外关税谈判反复，货币预期宽松 3 国内PMI数据回落，政策有定力 4 部分避险情绪退却，金价大幅调整 目录 资本市场 01 【金银逻辑】尽管短期可能出现技术性回调，但黄金长期上涨的核心逻辑（美元信用弱 化、央行持续购金、地缘风险及通胀预期）依然稳固。 ...

Report Investment Rating - The rating for the US dollar is "oscillation" [5] Core Viewpoints - The US economy faces increasing stagflation pressure, and the US dollar is expected to remain volatile. The market is significantly affected by factors such as tariff policies, Federal Reserve policies, and geopolitical risks. It is recommended to hold safe - haven assets to hedge against uncertainties [33][34] Summary by Directory 1. Global Market Overview This Week - Market risk appetite slightly increased. Most stock markets rose, and most bond yields declined. The US Treasury yield dropped to 4.23%. The US dollar index rose 0.24% to 99.47, non - US currencies showed mixed performance. Gold prices fell 0.2% to $3319 per ounce, the VIX index dropped to 24.8, the spot commodity index rose, and Brent crude oil fell 0.9% to $67.5 per barrel [1][8] 2. Market Trading Logic and Asset Performance 2.1 Stock Market - Global stock markets mostly rose. The S&P 500 rose 4.59%, the Shanghai Composite Index rose 0.56%, the Hang Seng Index rose 2.74%, and the Nikkei 225 rose 2.81%. Tariff issues continued to disrupt the market, and the Fed's stance became more dovish. US stock earnings season started well, providing some support. However, economic prospects were under pressure, and overseas stock market expectations were weak. The domestic stock market aimed for stability, but market risk appetite was hard to continuously increase [9][10] 2.2 Bond Market - Global bond yields mostly declined. The 10 - year US Treasury yield dropped to 4.23%. Fed officials' dovish attitude and the suspension of tariffs reduced the pressure on US Treasuries, but the downward space was limited. The Chinese 10 - year Treasury yield slightly rose to 1.66%, and the Sino - US interest rate spread narrowing. The domestic bond market was affected by multiple factors and showed an oscillating trend [16][21] 2.3 Foreign Exchange Market - The US dollar index rose 0.24% to 99.47, and non - US currencies showed mixed performance. Offshore RMB rose 0.24%, the euro fell 0.25%, the pound rose 0.13%, the yen fell 1.05%, the Swiss franc fell 1.42%, the real rose over 3%, and some other currencies also had different performances [28] 2.4 Commodity Market - Gold fell 0.2% to $3319 per ounce. After a significant increase during the week, it fell due to factors such as potential Sino - US trade negotiations. There was still room for short - term correction, but the long - term upward logic remained. Brent crude oil fell 0.9% to $67.5 per barrel. Commodities oscillated and rose overall, but their demand prospects were under pressure due to the US dollar's rebound [31] 3. Hotspot Tracking - The US economic stagflation pressure is rising. The Fed's褐皮书 showed that businesses were increasingly worried about tariffs, and consumer confidence and inflation expectations on Friday showed obvious stagflation characteristics. The US - China tariff game and the Russia - Ukraine negotiation both had limited progress, and market uncertainty remained high [33][34] 4. Next Week's Important Event Tips - There are a series of important economic data releases and events, including the US April Dallas Fed business activity index, US housing price index, China's April official manufacturing PMI, the eurozone's first - quarter GDP, the US April non - farm payrolls, and the Bank of Japan's interest rate meeting [35]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses President Trump's ongoing tensions with the Federal Reserve and its Chairman Jerome Powell, highlighting Trump's fluctuating stance on Powell's leadership and the implications for U.S. economic policy [1][2][3]. Group 1: Trump's Criticism of the Federal Reserve - Trump has repeatedly criticized the Federal Reserve's policies, labeling them as "ridiculous" and calling Powell an "enemy," despite having appointed him [2]. - Initially, Trump expected Powell to maintain low interest rates to stimulate investment, but Powell's decision to raise rates in response to a strengthening economy led to Trump's dissatisfaction [2][3]. Group 2: Economic Pressure and Political Dynamics - Trump's administration faces increasing economic pressure due to tariffs and inflation, leading him to call for interest rate cuts from the Federal Reserve [2][4]. - A recent national survey indicated that Trump's economic approval rating has dropped to 43%, with disapproval at 55%, marking a significant shift in public sentiment regarding his economic management [4]. Group 3: Independence of the Federal Reserve - Powell has emphasized that the Federal Reserve's policy adjustments should be based on economic data rather than political influence, maintaining the institution's historical independence from the White House [3]. - The article suggests that Trump's attempts to exert control over the Federal Reserve reflect broader challenges he faces in implementing his agenda across various issues [3][4].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The average tariff imposed by the US has surged from 3% to over 20%, marking the highest level in nearly a century, which has led to significant declines in stock and commodity prices, reminiscent of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of the 1930s [1][2] - High tariffs disrupt global supply chains, forcing companies to adjust production layouts, which reduces global production efficiency and raises the US policy uncertainty index to its second-highest level in decades [1][5] - The imposition of tariffs is expected to push inflation higher, slow down economic growth in exporting countries, and suppress overall production, leading to a lasting negative impact on the macroeconomy [1][6] - The report predicts a potential recession or stagflation in the US economy, with GDP expected to drop sharply and both consumption and investment slowing down, contrasting with the prevailing belief in the resilience of the US economy [1][8] - Economic data in the US shows significant divergence, with soft data (like consumer confidence) not aligning with hard data (like sales figures), necessitating careful differentiation between core and auxiliary data to avoid reliance on distorted information [1][12] Summary by Sections Tariff Impact - The US government has announced a significant increase in tariffs, raising basic tariffs by 10% and imposing tariffs of 30% to 50% on countries with large trade deficits with the US, resulting in an average tariff increase to over 20% [2][3] - This tariff increase has led to a notable decline in US stock markets and commodity prices, indicating a substantial negative impact on the economy [4][5] Economic Outlook - The report suggests that the US economy may face a challenging future, with a high likelihood of recession or stagflation due to the adverse effects of tariffs and other policies [7][8] - The analysis indicates that the most resilient sectors, such as consumption and investment, are also showing signs of slowing down, confirming the overall downward trend in the economy [17][18] Global Economic Context - China's economy showed a GDP growth of 5.4% in the first quarter, but is expected to face challenges in the second and third quarters due to tariff impacts, with potential government measures to stabilize recovery [19][20] - The report emphasizes the importance of considering the contrasting policy environments between the US and China, with China having more room for counter-cyclical stimulus due to lower inflation [20][21] Asset Allocation Recommendations - In the current environment, the report recommends allocating to safe assets like gold and Chinese bonds, while advising caution regarding traditional safe assets like US dollars and bonds due to their diminished safety and resilience [44][38] - The report suggests that investors should maintain a cautious stance towards US equities, given the potential for recession or stagflation, and consider structural adjustments in their portfolios [39][42]

1. Report Industry Investment Ratings No industry investment ratings were provided in the report. 2. Core Views of the Report - The "reciprocal tariff" policy of the United States continues to loosen, leading to a significant increase in global risk appetite. The short - term stagflation risk of the US economy is increasing, with the US dollar index falling. In China, market - stabilizing measures and potential new policies support the domestic market risk appetite [2]. - For asset investment, the stock index is expected to rebound in the short - term with cautious long positions; treasury bonds will oscillate at a high level with cautious long positions; the black metal sector is weakly oscillating with cautious observation; the non - ferrous metal sector is oscillating and rebounding with cautious long positions; the energy and chemical sector is oscillating with cautious observation; precious metals are rising with cautious long positions [2]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Macro - Overseas: The preliminary value of the US Michigan Consumer Confidence Index in April was 50.8, lower than expected, and the one - year inflation rate expectation reached a 40 - year high, increasing the short - term stagflation risk. The US has exempted some electronic products from "reciprocal tariffs", and the global risk appetite has increased [2]. - Domestic: The loosening of the US "reciprocal tariff" policy and domestic market - stabilizing measures and potential new policies support the domestic market risk appetite [2]. 3.2 Stock Index - Supported by sectors such as semiconductors, non - metallic materials, and precious metals, the domestic stock market continued to rebound. With the loosening of the US "reciprocal tariff" policy and domestic support measures, short - term cautious long positions are recommended [2][3]. 3.3 Precious Metals - Gold: Due to the US government's credit damage, the selling of US dollar assets, and geopolitical uncertainties, gold remains strong. A significant correction may present a long - term allocation opportunity [4]. - Silver: Affected by trade frictions, it fell 3.81% last week. It may follow gold and show a weakly oscillating and upward trend [4]. 3.4 Black Metal - Steel: The spot and futures prices of steel continued to be weak last week, but the decline slowed down over the weekend. The apparent demand for some steel products decreased, and the supply of some varieties may still increase. Short - term observation is recommended [5][7]. - Iron Ore: The spot and futures prices rebounded slightly. Iron water production may continue to increase, but there is a downward expectation in the medium - term. The short - term price will oscillate within a range [7]. - Ferrosilicon and Silicomanganese: The spot prices remained flat. The demand for ferroalloys is fair, but the supply is decreasing. Short - term price oscillation within a range is expected [8]. 3.5 Energy and Chemical - Crude Oil: After tariff fluctuations, the oil price rebounded slightly, but the market is still worried about demand decline. The Iran sanctions risk may lead to short - term price fluctuations, and long - term oversupply is expected [9]. - Asphalt: It oscillates weakly following the oil price. The inventory has decreased, but the actual demand is weak, and the price fluctuation will remain high [9]. - PX: The external price has dropped significantly. It will continue to be weak in the short - term, but there may be a slight rebound later [10][11]. - PTA: Terminal orders are affected by tariffs, and the short - term rebound space is limited, remaining in a weak state [11]. - Ethylene Glycol: The short - term demand is poor, and the de - stocking time is postponed. It will oscillate at a low level [11]. - Short - fiber: The price has been corrected significantly, and it will continue to oscillate weakly, but there is some support [11]. - Methanol: The inventory is decreasing, but the supply is expected to increase. The 05 contract will oscillate and repair, and the 09 contract is bearish [12]. - PP: The downstream start - up has decreased slightly, but the supply reduction may relieve the pressure, and the price will oscillate and repair [12]. - LLDPE: The downstream demand has declined, and the 09 contract's center of gravity will move down [12]. 3.6 Non - ferrous Metal - Copper: The US may not increase tariffs further. Looking for low points for a rebound is a more prudent strategy in the short - term [13]. - Aluminum: The inventory has decreased, and it can be considered for a rebound after a short - term correction [13]. - Tin: The macro situation is expected to improve market sentiment. The smelter start - up has declined, and the inventory has decreased. The tin price will rebound in the short - term [14]. 3.7 Agricultural Products - US Soybeans: The supply - demand expectation has tightened, and the price may rebound if there are weather risks during the spring sowing [15]. - Soybean Meal: The domestic supply has decreased, and the inventory has shrunk. The price will fluctuate at a high level, and the downward space is limited [15]. - Rapeseed Meal: It has entered the consumption season, and the inventory is high. The supply risk has decreased, and there is room for the price difference between soybean meal and rapeseed meal to rebound [15]. - Soybean Oil: The demand is in the off - season, and the price is supported by the risk premium of imported soybeans. The basis may weaken in the second quarter [16]. - Palm Oil: The domestic inventory is low, but the global production is increasing, and the price is under pressure [16][17]. - Rapeseed Oil: The domestic inventory is high, and the price is under pressure. The cost support is stable but lacks driving force [17].

Core Viewpoint - The announcement of "reciprocal tariffs" by the U.S. government has led to significant market volatility, with major declines in U.S. stock markets and other asset classes, indicating a potential liquidity shock and a loss of confidence in the global economic order [1][2][3]. Summary by Sections Tariff Overview - The "reciprocal tariffs" are extensive, applying a baseline 10% tariff on all trade partners, with effective rates potentially rising above 23%, marking a historical high [2][6][10]. - Specific countries facing higher tariffs include Vietnam (46%), Thailand (36%), and China (34%), among others, with exemptions for certain goods [3][11]. Economic Impact - The tariffs are expected to increase inflationary pressures in the U.S., with estimates suggesting a rise in inflation by 1.5-2 percentage points, potentially leading to a GDP drag of approximately 0.7 percentage points [20][21][27]. - The effective tax rate on imports has already increased from 2.3% to 5.7% prior to the tariffs, and is projected to rise significantly due to the new measures [10][6]. Market Reactions - U.S. stock markets have experienced a sharp decline, with the Nasdaq index dropping over 5% in two days, reflecting heightened risk premiums and investor uncertainty [1][30]. - The volatility has also affected other asset classes, including commodities like oil and gold, while the U.S. dollar has shown signs of pressure due to long-term policy confidence issues [1][34]. Sector-Specific Effects - Industries with significant exposure to U.S.-China trade, such as electronics and consumer goods, are likely to face substantial impacts, with potential declines in earnings growth for affected sectors [38][44]. - The tariffs may lead to a reevaluation of supply chains, with companies potentially seeking to mitigate risks through diversification or relocation of production [41][46]. Global Implications - Emerging markets, particularly those with high exposure to U.S. exports like Vietnam and Thailand, are expected to experience significant economic impacts, with potential currency depreciation and capital outflows [45][49]. - The overall sentiment in global markets is likely to remain cautious, with investors closely monitoring the developments in tariff negotiations and retaliatory measures from affected countries [12][37].

一、美股下行与前期观点验证 当地时间3月10日，美股遭遇"黑色星期一"大幅下挫，标普500指数下跌2.7%，纳斯达克指数下跌4%，道琼斯 工业指数下跌2.08%。近期美股经历明显调整，标普500指数已从高点下行近10%。 这一走势与我们此前的市 场预判一致。早在2024年9月研究院的 《资本市场月报》 中，我们对美股科技股的观点即从乐观转为中性，明 确指出"上行空间有限，风格趋于均衡"，认为大型科技股预期过高， 将纳斯达克配置下调至标配水平。 在 2025年年度展望 《中美"再通胀"——2025年宏观经济与资本市场展望》 中，我们进一步强调了美国通胀风险 的重要性，并提示AI发展面临短期挑战。在2025年3月机构观点 《境外美股承压，境内股好于债》 中，明确 指出受多重因素影响，美股压力增大。 二、美股调整的原因 当前美股调整的核心原因来自三个方面： 一是对美国 经济滞胀的忧虑。 一方面是经济预期回落，另一方面是通胀数据回升。近期美国经济领先指标明 显转弱，预示未来企业盈利可能走软，对股市支撑力度下降。分析师预测也呈现回落趋势，2025年标普500净 利润增速从年初的12.5%下降至当前的10.3%。再通胀风 ...

Group 1: U.S. Tariff Actions - On March 3, 2025, President Trump announced a 25% tariff on all goods from Canada and Mexico, with a 10% tariff on Canadian energy products[1] - The second round of tariffs on Chinese goods increased from 10% to 20%[1] - Canada retaliated with a 25% tariff on $30 billion CAD of U.S. imports starting March 4, and an additional $125 billion CAD after 21 days[1] Group 2: Impact on China - In 2024, China's total exports to the U.S. were $524.656 billion, accounting for 14.67% of China's total exports, the lowest since 2010[4] - The 20% tariff on Chinese goods is expected to drag down China's nominal GDP by approximately 0.4%[4] - The largest export categories to the U.S. include machinery and audio equipment, which accounted for $218.38 billion or 41.6% of total exports to the U.S.[4] Group 3: Impact on U.S. Economy - Recent economic data shows a decline in U.S. retail sales, with a January 2025 decrease of 0.88%, the largest drop since January 2024[12] - The unemployment rate rose to 4.1%, above the expected 4%[16] - The Atlanta Fed's GDPnow model predicts a significant drop in Q1 2025 GDP growth to -2.83%[16] Group 4: Market Reactions - Major U.S. stock indices have declined, with the Dow Jones down 4% and the S&P 500 down 4.5% since the tariff announcement[22] - The U.S. dollar index fell by 4.3%, dropping below 104[23] - Gold prices increased to over $2900 per ounce, reflecting a 3.6% rise since the tariff announcement[23] Group 5: Future Outlook - The financial market is expected to experience volatility, with U.S. stocks fluctuating around the annual line[29] - The dollar index is projected to remain weak within the 100-105 range[29] - Gold prices may continue to rise, potentially reaching $3000 per ounce in the short term[29]