债券研究 第二，30y 国债明确采取新代码发行，公告发布后 250002 表现偏弱，短期内 2500006 或延续活跃券地位，关注后续 30y 普通国债换券失败风险。 2、关键期限国债单只规模：年初先上升后回落，后续或仍有提速空间 年初 2 年和 10 年期关键期限国债单只发行规模较大，普通国债发行靠前发力， 可能存在续发压力大、更快形成实物工作量、和让位特别国债等原因。随后披 露的 1 年国债单只规模下降至 1350 亿，不同的国债发行速度反应什么信息？ （1）4%赤字率对应关键期限国债单只发行规模年度均值在 1500 亿附近。 证 券 研 究 报 告 【债券日报】 国债发行进度真的快么？ ——2026Q1 政府债券供给展望及关注要点 一、国债：Q1 支数变化不大，单只规模上升后回落，后续存在提速空间 1、Q1 国债计划解读 第一，国债发行只数 2026 年一季度与 2025 年同期差异不大。 （2）国债单只规模先上升后下降，若后续延续 1350 亿的发行速度，全月均值 或在 1500 亿附近，符合 4%赤字率下的中性发行速度。 （3）若 Q1 净融资进度要赶上 2025 年，关键期限国债单只发行规模季度均 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report is that the fiscal policy for 2025 will be "more proactive," leading to significant increases in both narrow and broad fiscal deficits, with narrow deficit expected to rise by 39% and broad deficit by 27% [1][13][14] - The issuance of government bonds will be accelerated, with net supply expected to increase by 128% year-on-year in the first half of 2025, while broad fiscal expenditure is projected to show a "U"-shaped trend in 2024 and a "front high and back low" trend in 2025 [1][14] - The structure of fiscal revenue is improving, with a target growth rate for non-tax revenue set at -14.2%, indicating a reduced reliance on non-tax income [2][15][16] Group 2 - The expansion of debt resolution measures and diversification of debt resolution methods are highlighted, including the issuance of special bonds and policies targeting corporate arrears and PPP projects [2][16][17] - The expected slowdown in infrastructure investment growth in the second half of 2025 is attributed to several factors, including the completion of prior funding projects and the diversion of funds to debt resolution [3][18][19] - For 2026, the central economic work conference emphasizes the continuation of a more proactive fiscal policy, with expectations for a slight increase in fiscal strength compared to 2025 [4][20][21] Group 3 - The anticipated fiscal revenue growth for 2026 is projected to rebound to 3%-5%, driven by price increases and tax policy adjustments [5][26][27] - The introduction of new policy financial tools is expected to significantly impact fixed asset investment, with an estimated investment scale of 1.5-2 trillion yuan in 2026 [6][28][29] - The report indicates a structural shift in consumption patterns, with a focus on new types of consumption and service consumption, as traditional durable goods consumption is expected to slow down [8][32][33] Group 4 - The report discusses the expansion of debt resolution to include non-hidden debts, with measures to clear local government arrears to enterprises [9][34][35] - The importance of improving the local tax system is highlighted, with potential reforms in consumption tax expected to accelerate [10][36][37] - The overall impact on the asset side suggests that continued fiscal strength and proactive measures will support nominal growth and micro-activity in 2026 [11][37]

Group 1: Supply and Demand Analysis - The supply-demand gap for the midstream sector improved, with the demand-investment growth rate difference rising to 7.6% in November from 6.4% in October[1] - Midstream demand growth was 8.9% in November, down from 9.3% in October, while midstream investment growth fell to 1.3%[3] - The demand-investment growth rate difference for midstream has been increasing since May 2024 and turned positive in March 2025[3] Group 2: Future Projections - Historical data suggests that the midstream demand-investment growth rate difference is likely to remain positive, indicating potential price stabilization in the next two years[2] - The midstream PPI (Producer Price Index) is expected to stop declining and start rising, with a notable month-on-month increase of 0.04% in November, the first positive change since June 2024[4] - If the midstream PPI stabilizes, the year-on-year PPI is likely to continue rising, positively impacting midstream ROE (Return on Equity)[4] Group 3: Economic Data Overview - November's industrial value-added growth rate was 4.8%, with a slight month-on-month increase of 0.44%[20] - Retail sales growth in November was 1.3%, down from 2.9% in October, indicating weak consumer demand[22] - Real estate sales area decreased by 17.3% year-on-year in November, showing ongoing challenges in the property market[27]

证券研究报告 | 宏观研究 gszqdatemark 2025 11 29 年 月 日 宏观点评 中央经济工作会议前瞻 事件：按惯例，12 月上中旬将召开政治局会议、中央经济工作会议。 核心观点：12 月政治局会议一开完、2026 年政策大方向也就定了，随 后的中央经济工作会议据此进一步部署、篇幅也更长，我们预计：应会 突出"十五五"开局之年的重要性，2026 年政策总基调应会偏积极、 偏扩张、偏刺激，应会强调"做好经济工作意义重大"、GDP 目标可能 继续定为 5%左右，应会进一步突出强产业（科技&新质生产力）、扩内 需、中央加杠杆，应会进一步布局"十五五"，也应会进一步要求抓落 实、充分调动各方积极性；具体方向上，重点关注货币政策、财政政 策、科技自立自强、"两重"、"两新"、服务消费、提升居民消费率、稳 股市、稳楼市、"投资于人"、"中国人经济"等可能的新部署。继续提 示：大环境依旧是市场的好朋友，乐观点、乘势而上、调整就是机会。 1、12 月政治局会议历来是中央经济工作会议的吹风会，且大多间隔在 一周内，次年经济工作基调和总体部署也就此确定。节奏上，每年 4/7/10/12 月的季度政治局会议（10 ...

Group 1 - The A-share market remains active, with private equity firms showing positive signals as the stock private equity position index rises to 78.41%, the highest level this year, indicating a strong bullish sentiment among private equity institutions [1] - The stock private equity position index for different scales shows that the largest private equity firms (over 100 billion) have the highest increase in position, reflecting a clear intention to increase holdings [1] - The proportion of private equity firms with positions over 80% has increased to 60.01%, while those with lower positions have decreased, indicating a shift towards a more optimistic sentiment in the private equity sector [2] Group 2 - Pacific Securities notes that the technology sector remains strong, but there is a divergence in performance among leading stocks, suggesting a cautious approach for investors already holding technology stocks [2] - Xiangcai Securities expects the A-share market to continue a "slow bull" trend in the fourth quarter, with a focus on sectors like artificial intelligence and industries related to the "15th Five-Year Plan" [2] - HSBC Jintrust Fund highlights that the new round of interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve and potential domestic policy support could enhance domestic demand and new growth momentum, particularly in the consumer sector during the upcoming festive season [3]

Core Viewpoint - The September EPMI (Emerging Industry Purchasing Managers Index) increased by 4.6 points to 52.4, indicating a seasonal recovery typical of autumn, although the absolute level remains historically low [1][6][24]. Group 1: EPMI and Industry Trends - The EPMI's increase aligns with the seasonal average of 4.5 points from 2014 to 2024, with the number of industries in the expansion zone rising from 2 to 4 [1][6][7]. - Despite the improvement, the absolute EPMI value of 52.4 is the second lowest for September in history, down 0.9 points from the previous year [6][24]. Group 2: Supply and Demand Indicators - Key supply and demand indicators showed improvement: production volume, product orders, and export orders increased by 7.8, 6.5, and 6.8 points respectively [2][9]. - The production-to-demand ratio turned positive, with an average of 0.7 for the first three quarters of 2025, indicating an improvement in supply-demand balance compared to previous years [9][10]. - Price indicators also improved, with purchase prices and sales prices rising by 0.8 and 0.2 points respectively, although the growth rate has slowed compared to July and August [9][12]. Group 3: Employment and Financing Environment - The EPMI loan difficulty index decreased by 0.9 points, suggesting a more favorable financing environment for emerging enterprises due to increased credit support and coordinated fiscal and monetary policies [15][16]. - Employment indicators have shown a two-month recovery, with a 2.6-point increase in September, indicating stronger demand for jobs in new industries during the graduation season [15][16]. Group 4: Sector Performance - In September, the highest absolute economic performance was observed in the new generation information technology and energy-saving environmental sectors, driven by demand growth related to AI computing power and domestic substitution [19][20]. - The new energy vehicle sector also saw a month-on-month increase in economic performance, with retail sales growing by 6% year-on-year and 10% month-on-month [19][20]. - The performance of traditional sectors varied, with some industries like petroleum asphalt and automotive tires showing increased operating rates, while others like high furnace and PVC saw declines [23][24]. Group 5: Economic Outlook - The third quarter has shown signs of continued economic slowdown, with September data being crucial for short-term economic assessment [24]. - The EPMI data suggests a neutral economic outlook, with seasonal recovery not extending the trends observed in July and August, indicating that achieving annual growth targets will require further policy support [24].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the performance of China's economy in July, highlighting a slowdown in key economic indicators due to external and domestic challenges, including extreme weather and trade tensions. The focus is on maintaining policy stability and promoting domestic demand to support economic growth [3][4][5]. Economic Performance - In July, China's industrial added value increased by 5.7% year-on-year, a decrease of 1.1 percentage points from June. The retail sales of consumer goods grew by 3.7%, also down by 1.1 percentage points from the previous month [3][4]. - Fixed asset investment from January to July rose by 1.6% year-on-year, with a decline of 1.2 percentage points compared to the first half of the year [3][4]. Industrial Production - The manufacturing sector showed a growth of 6.2% in July, while the mining industry grew by 5.0% and the electricity, heat, gas, and water production and supply sector increased by 3.3% [4]. - The article notes that the "two new" initiatives are positively impacting industrial production, with significant growth in shipbuilding and electric motor manufacturing [4][5]. Consumer Market - The consumer market showed a mixed performance, with retail sales growth slowing down in July but service sector sales remaining stable. The overall retail sales growth for services was 5.2% from January to July [10][11]. - The article emphasizes the impact of policies promoting the replacement of old consumer goods, which has led to substantial growth in categories like electric bicycles and 5G smartphones [10][11]. Investment Trends - Fixed asset investment reached 288,229 billion yuan from January to July, with a 1.6% year-on-year increase. Excluding real estate, investment grew by 5.3% [14]. - Infrastructure investment rose by 3.2%, while manufacturing investment increased by 6.2%. However, real estate development investment saw a decline of 12.0% [14][15]. - The article highlights that despite a nominal slowdown in investment growth, the actual physical workload remains robust, driven by innovation and equipment upgrades [14][16]. Future Outlook - The article suggests that while there are pressures on investment growth, the potential for future investment remains significant, particularly in new productive forces and urban-rural coordination [16]. - The need for continued policy support to enhance domestic demand and innovation is emphasized to ensure sustainable economic development [5][7].

Report Summary 1. Market Logic and Trading Strategies Carbonate Lithium - **Market Logic**: On Wednesday, the SMM battery - grade carbonate lithium index price was 80,946 yuan/ton, up 2,822 yuan/ton from the previous trading day. Most enterprises were in a wait - and - see mood, but due to some downstream enterprises' rigid procurement needs and the upstream and traders' reluctance to sell, the transaction price of carbonate lithium spot continued to rise significantly. Last week, the output of carbonate lithium was 19,556 tons, an increase of 2,288 tons from the previous week. Since mid - July, there have been news disturbances in lithium production, increasing concerns about the production stability of Yichun lithium mica mines. The total sample inventory last week was 142,418 tons, rising 692 tons from the previous week. In the long - term, the demand growth rate of new energy vehicles is gradually declining as the penetration rate exceeds 50% [3]. - **Trading Strategy**: The price fluctuates in the short - term. Upstream and downstream enterprises are advised to seize hedging opportunities according to their own risk management needs. The support for the main contract is 75,000 - 80,000 yuan, and the resistance is 88,000 - 90,000 yuan [4]. Industrial Silicon - **Market Logic**: Driven by profits, the main production areas resumed production last week, with the operating rate significantly increasing. Thanks to the synchronous resumption of downstream polysilicon production and rising procurement demand, the inventory of industrial silicon manufacturers decreased slowly. However, the market speculative sentiment is relatively cautious, and the acceptance of high - price goods is still low. It is expected that the spot price of industrial silicon will remain stable in the short - term, and the futures trend may be more guided by news [5]. - **Trading Strategy**: The short - term supply - demand contradiction is limited, but the high - level inventory still suppresses the price. Policy support exists, and the anti - involution sentiment may fluctuate. It is recommended to go long at low prices or sell slightly out - of - the - money put options on dips. The support interval is 8,200 - 8,300 yuan, and the resistance interval is 9,200 - 9,300 yuan [6]. Polysilicon - **Market Logic**: There are rumors that the industry may reach a consensus on joint production cuts to control the output in August and promote the return of the total inventory to a reasonable range. If true, it may lead to large - scale inventory reduction. However, the terminal demand is still weak, and the upside space for prices is limited. The futures price has a large premium over the spot price, and the increasing warehouse receipts also put pressure on the market. It is expected that the polysilicon market will fluctuate widely at a high level [7]. - **Trading Strategy**: Existing long positions can be partially liquidated at high prices, and short put options sold at low prices can be hedged at high prices. The support level for the main contract is 47,000 - 48,000 yuan, and the resistance level is 55,000 - 56,000 yuan [7]. 2. Plate Strategy Recommendation and Spot - Futures Price Changes Plate Strategy Recommendation | Variety | Market Logic | Support Level | Resistance Level | Market Judgment | Reference Strategy | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Carbonate Lithium 09 | Driven by news | 65,000 - 66,000 yuan | 78,000 - 83,000 yuan | Oscillate strongly | Seize selling hedging opportunities, downstream cathode material enterprises focus on low - level stockpiling or buying hedging [13] | | Industrial Silicon 09 | Driven by news | 8,200 - 8,300 yuan | 9,200 - 9,300 yuan | Fluctuate widely | Sell put options on dips [13] | | Polysilicon 09 | Driven by news | 45,000 - 46,000 yuan | 55,000 - 56,000 yuan | Oscillate at a high level | Sell put options on dips [13] | Spot - Futures Price Changes | Variety | Closing Price | Change Rate | Trading Volume | Open Interest | Open Interest Change | Warehouse Receipts | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Carbonate Lithium | 85,100 yuan | 3.13% | 1,245,424 | 392,675 | 35,677 | 21,679 | | Industrial Silicon | 8,600 yuan | - 2.71% | 510,280 | 284,500 | 5,640 | 50,701 | | Polysilicon | 51,290 yuan | - 2.11% | 395,645 | 132,463 | - 3,592 | 5,150 | [13] | 3. Fundamental Data Carbonate Lithium - **Production and Inventory**: Last week, the output of carbonate lithium increased, and the inventory resumed its upward trend after a brief decline. The concentrated restocking on the demand side was remarkable, and the market's concern about supply stability is expected to support the lithium price [3]. - **Downstream**: Although the "two new" policies continue to support, the demand growth rate of new energy vehicles is gradually declining as the penetration rate exceeds 50% [3]. Industrial Silicon - **Production and Inventory**: The main production areas increased production last week, and the inventory of manufacturers decreased slowly due to the increase in downstream demand [5]. - **Downstream**: The downstream polysilicon industry resumed production, and the procurement demand increased [5]. Polysilicon - **Production and Inventory**: There are rumors of joint production cuts. If true, it may lead to inventory reduction. The terminal demand is weak, and the upside space for prices is limited [7]. - **Downstream**: The downstream demand has not weakened in the short - term, but the domestic demand may decline after the overseas policy window closes in the fourth quarter [7].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - For lithium carbonate, the supply side has been affected by the suspension of mining operations at Jiangxi Jianxiawo and the announced suspension of Zangge Mining, increasing concerns about the production stability of Yichun lithium mica mines. Although the short - term demand - side restocking supports lithium prices, the growth rate of new energy vehicle demand is gradually declining. In the medium - to - long - term, the supply - demand situation of lithium carbonate is likely to change from surplus to shortage, and prices may return above 100,000 yuan in the third and fourth quarters [5][6]. - For industrial silicon, profit drives the resumption of production in major producing areas, and downstream demand has recovered. The inventory of manufacturers is slowly decreasing, but the market's acceptance of high - price goods is low. The spot price is expected to remain stable in the short term, and the futures trend is more influenced by news, with a strong policy support but limited upside space [7]. - For polysilicon, if the industry's joint production - cut agreement is true, it may lead to large - scale inventory reduction. However, the terminal demand is weak, and the upside space for prices is limited. The futures price is expected to fluctuate widely at a high level [9]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 First Part: Spot Price 3.1.1 Plate Strategy Recommendation - **Lithium Carbonate 09**: The market is driven by news, with a support level of 75,000 - 80,000 yuan and a pressure level of 100,000 - 120,000 yuan. It is expected to fluctuate strongly. Downstream cathode material enterprises are advised to pay attention to low - level stocking or buying hedging opportunities [15]. - **Industrial Silicon 09**: Driven by news, with a support level of 8,200 - 8,300 yuan and a pressure level of 9,200 - 9,300 yuan. It is expected to have a wide - range fluctuation. It is recommended to go long on dips or sell slightly out - of - the - money put options [15]. - **Polysilicon 09**: Driven by news, with a support level of 47,000 - 48,000 yuan and a pressure level of 55,000 - 56,000 yuan. It is expected to fluctuate at a high level. It is recommended to take partial profits or exit long positions on rallies and hedge short put options on rallies [15]. 3.1.2 Futures and Spot Price Changes - The closing price of lithium carbonate is 82,520 yuan, with a daily increase of 1.88%, a trading volume of 1,417,704 lots, an open interest of 356,998 lots, an increase of 39,322 lots in open interest, and 20,829 lots of warehouse receipts [16]. - The closing price of industrial silicon is 8,840 yuan, with a daily decrease of 1.78%, a trading volume of 520,504 lots, an open interest of 278,860 lots, an increase of 6,917 lots in open interest, and 50,658 lots of warehouse receipts [16]. - The closing price of polysilicon is 51,800 yuan, with a daily increase of 0.69%, a trading volume of 481,809 lots, an open interest of 136,055 lots, a decrease of 3,684 lots in open interest, and 4,940 lots of warehouse receipts [16]. 3.2 Second Part: Fundamental Situation 3.2.1 Lithium Carbonate Fundamental Data - **Production and Inventory**: Last week, the production of lithium carbonate was 19,556 tons, an increase of 2,288 tons from the previous week. The total sample inventory was 142,418 tons, an increase of 692 tons from the previous week. The short - term concern about supply stability supports lithium prices, but the growth rate of new energy vehicle demand is declining [5]. - **Downstream Situation**: No specific data provided, but graphs related to downstream products such as lithium iron phosphate and ternary materials are mentioned [26]. 3.2.2 Industrial Silicon Fundamental Data - **Production and Inventory**: Profit drives the resumption of production in Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Sichuan, and the downstream demand has recovered, resulting in a slow reduction of manufacturers' inventory. However, the market's acceptance of high - price goods is low, and the spot price is expected to remain stable in the short term [7]. - **Downstream Situation**: Graphs related to downstream products such as organic silicon DMC and aluminum alloy are mentioned [37]. 3.2.3 Polysilicon Fundamental Data - **Production and Inventory**: If the joint production - cut agreement is true, it may lead to large - scale inventory reduction. However, the terminal demand is weak, and the upside space for prices is limited [9]. - **Downstream Situation**: Graphs related to downstream products such as silicon wafers and photovoltaic modules are mentioned [43].

Group 1 - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is focusing on stabilizing employment, expanding domestic demand, and ensuring economic growth through a comprehensive policy toolbox [1][2] - The NDRC plans to distribute a fourth batch of 690 billion yuan in subsidies for consumption, completing the annual target of 3000 billion yuan [2] - The NDRC emphasizes the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing productivity and efficiency across various industries, with a focus on commercializing AI applications [3] Group 2 - The central government is addressing issues of low-price disorderly competition and is committed to regulating such practices to ensure fair market competition [4][5] - The NDRC is revising the pricing law to clarify standards for identifying unfair pricing behaviors, particularly targeting predatory pricing below cost [5] - The NDRC aims to combine effective market mechanisms with proactive government intervention to improve market order and encourage high-quality competition [5]