黑色壹周谈 反内卷交易尘埃落地？ 淡旺季交接何去何从？ 20250821 摘要 黑色产业链反内卷溢价已基本出清，多晶硅、碳酸锂等前期强势商品亦 步入预期调整期，需关注四季度钢材需求能否提振供需，若需求不及预 期，或将面临震荡下行风险。 铁矿石近期表现出较强抗跌性，但需深入分析其背后逻辑，若钢材预期 不佳，铁水高位能否维持存疑。煤炭方面，产量核查及阅兵后产量恢复 情况，以及海运煤和蒙煤进口量快速回升，均需密切关注。 焦煤市场核心驱动力在于政策调控，若不实施限产，产量或将继续回升， 叠加海运煤和蒙煤增量，可能导致供需过剩。目前焦煤中下游库存较高， 持货意愿变化值得关注，政策态度或对价格形成一定指导。 动力煤日耗逐步见顶，进口量持续改善，国内供应逐步恢复至高位，总 库存开始累积，价格后续可能偏弱。需关注动力煤对焦炭的影响，以及 新疆超产问题。 钢材库存基数低，旺季需求尚未验证，正处于逐步累库阶段。价格下跌 时，下游补库意愿增强，出口好转；价格上涨则面临下游抵抗及出口减 弱。需关注 9 月份库存累积情况，以判断负反馈是否出现。 Q&A 最近一两周商品市场和股市的表现如何？黑色产业链的情况如何？ 最近一两周，商品市场和 ...

| | | | 11/11/2 | SDIC FUTURES | | | --- | --- | --- | | | 操作评级 | 2025年08月21日 | | 螺纹 | ☆☆☆ | 曹颖 首席分析师 | | 热卷 | な女女 | F3003925 Z0012043 | | 铁矿 | ☆☆☆ | 何建辉 高级分析师 | | 焦炭 | な女女 | F0242190 Z0000586 | | 焦煤 | ★☆☆ | | | 證時 | な女女 | 韩惊 高级分析师 | | 硅铁 | 女女女 | F03086835 Z0016553 | | | | 李啸尘 高级分析师 | | | | F3054140 Z0016022 | | | | 010-58747784 | | | | gtaxinstitute@essence.com.cn | 【钢材】 今日盘面弱势震荡。 本周螺纹表需有所回升，产量继续回落，库存延续上升态势。热卷需求继续好转，产量同步回升，库存继 续累积。铁水维持高位，市场面临负反馈压力，不过库存整体水平偏低，空间并不是太大，阅兵临近关注唐山等地限产力度。 从下游行业看，地产销售降幅扩大，投资端继续大幅下 ...

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content mentioned Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - Anti - involution policies affect commodity prices and inflation expectations, leading to significant adjustments in the bond market. Credit bond yields rise with interest rates, and most credit spreads widen, especially for secondary perpetual bonds [3]. - It's too early to talk about negative feedback, with a very low probability. The market's ability to respond has improved, and there has been no change in macro - expectations. Moreover, bank wealth management's focus on liquidity can prevent negative feedback [4][6]. - The asset shortage pattern remains unchanged and is intensifying. Interest rates may have short - term adjustments but not continuous and significant ones. Credit spreads are likely to be volatile, and investors should seize phased trading opportunities [7]. Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs 1 Market Review: Sharp Correction, Widening Spreads of Secondary Perpetual Bonds 1.1 Market Performance - The credit bond market had a sharp correction this week, with credit spreads widening. The stock market strengthened, and the bond market adjusted significantly. Yields of medium - and long - term secondary perpetual bonds rose more than 10bp, with a 14.5bp decline in 10Y secondary perpetual bonds. Credit spreads of secondary perpetual bonds widened more, while those of some medium - and long - term notes, corporate bonds, and urban investment bonds slightly narrowed [25]. 1.2 Insurance Continues to Allocate, Funds Sell Massively - Insurance companies continued to strongly allocate credit bonds, with a net purchase of 125.63 billion yuan this week, a 38.7% increase from the previous week. The net purchase of ultra - long - term credit bonds over 5 years was 6.75 billion yuan, with a similar increase compared to the previous week [40]. - Funds sold a large amount of credit bonds, reaching 22.578 billion yuan. The net sales of bonds within 5Y were 12.738 billion yuan, and those over 5Y were 7.474 billion yuan [40]. 1.3 Low - Rating Transaction Proportion Declines - The proportion of transactions with a remaining maturity of over 3 years for urban investment bonds, industrial bonds, and secondary perpetual bonds was 30%, 29%, and 72% respectively, remaining at a high level. The proportion of low - rating transactions decreased, with a 1 - percentage - point decline in urban investment bonds with AA(2) and below, a 1 - percentage - point decline in industrial bonds with AA and below, and a 3 - percentage - point decline in secondary perpetual bonds with AA and below [49][53]. 2 Market Outlook: Redemption is Controllable, Seize Trading Opportunities 2.1 Redemption is Controllable, Seize Trading Opportunities - The market adjusted due to the impact of anti - involution policies on commodity prices and inflation expectations. Indicators such as the term structure of interest rate swaps showed a change in inflation expectations [57][61]. - There is no need to worry about negative feedback because the market's response ability has improved, and bank wealth management's focus on liquidity can prevent it. The asset shortage pattern persists, and interest rates are unlikely to have continuous and significant adjustments. Credit spreads are likely to be volatile, and investors should seize phased trading opportunities [4][7]. 2.2 Science and Technology Innovation Bonds Continue to Contribute Net Financing - In July, non - financial credit bond financing was good, with a net financing of 347.9 billion yuan, exceeding the levels of July in the previous two years [93]. 3 What to Buy in Credit? 3.1 Focus on High - Grade Secondary Perpetual Bonds for Trading, Weak - Quality Urban Investment Bonds for Coupon - For short - term secondary perpetual bonds, the price - to - value ratio is positive, while for medium - and long - term ones, it is negative. It is recommended that high - grade trading strategies focus on secondary perpetual bonds, and low - grade coupon strategies focus on urban investment bonds. The price - to - value ratio of short - term AAA secondary capital bonds to medium - term notes remains positive, and that of long - term ones fluctuates around 0 [100]. - The price - to - value ratio of short - term urban investment bonds to medium - term notes is positive, and that of long - term low - grade ones has rebounded rapidly, reaching the historical central level. Urban investment bonds still have an advantage in terms of bond selection scope [102]. 3.2 General Credit Coupon is More Advantageous - Currently, the proportion of urban investment bonds with a valuation above 2.3% is 19.8%, that of non - financial industrial bonds is 10.8%, and that of secondary perpetual bonds is 6.8%. From the perspective of coupon bond selection, general credit has a wider bond selection space [106]. 3.3 First - Level Issuance Statistics - No specific content provided in the output for further summary 3.4 Second - Level Valuation Change Details - No specific content provided in the output for further summary

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The adjustment of the bond market may be nearing its end in the short term. The central bank's supportive attitude remains beneficial to the bond market. In the long term, the continuous transformation of pricing logic and macro - narrative requires further deepening of supply - side policies and marginal changes in demand to clarify market risk preferences and the direction of the bond market [35]. Summary by Directory 1. Stock and Commodity Rise, Tightening of Funds, Bear - Steep Curve - From July 21 - 25, the bond market continued its head - wind situation. The "anti - involution" sentiment supported the strength of the equity and commodity markets, diverting funds from the bond market. The 1.2 - trillion - yuan Yajiang investment strengthened the broad - credit expectation, suppressing the long - end performance. In the second half of the week, the unexpected tightening of the funds led to partial redemptions and bond - selling by funds and wealth management products, causing concerns about "negative feedback." However, on Friday, with the central bank's timely support, the bond market sentiment improved [1][7]. - On a daily basis, the bond market was weak throughout the week. By July 25, the yields of 1Y, 5Y, 10Y, and 30Y treasury bonds increased by 3.5, 7.9, 6.7, and 8.4 BP respectively compared to July 18, with a steeper bear - steep curve [7]. 2. Roller - Coaster of Funds and Timely Support from the Central Bank - This week, the funds situation fluctuated, tightening in the second half. The large liquidity demand (such as MLF redemption, large - scale reverse - repurchase maturity, over - trillion - yuan certificate - of - deposit maturity, and treasury bond issuance) and the central bank's net redemption in the first half of the week increased the funds demand. The overnight funds rate rose to a relatively high level since June, and the secondary prices of certificates of deposit increased slightly in the second half of the week [2][10][12]. - On July 25, the central bank's large - scale reverse - repurchase injection supported the cross - month liquidity. The weekly average of funds rates fluctuated with a relatively stable mean. The funds stratification remained at a low level, with mixed weekly average changes. The secondary yields of certificates of deposit increased across the board [12]. 3. Are the "Three Concerns" Temporarily Resolved? 3.1. From Stock - Bond to Commodity - Bond: Is the Market on "Pause"? - The recent rise in the market is mainly based on policy expectations. This week, the "commodity - bond" linkage was strengthened, with the commodity futures market rising due to infrastructure expectations and supply - side contraction expectations. However, the callback of "double - coke" and other varieties at the end of the week indicates that policy pricing may be nearing its end. The sustainability of the "commodity - bond" linkage depends on policy implementation and improvement in physical supply - demand [20][23]. - Whether policies can improve the fundamentals will be a key factor affecting the direction of risk assets. Additional policies may support the performance of risk assets [23]. 3.2. Liquidity: "Tightness" and "Stability" before Crossing the Month - The unexpected tightening of funds may be due to the central bank's net redemption in the first half of the week, the diversion of bond - market funds by the rise of the stock and commodity markets, and the increased redemption pressure in the bond market [3][24]. - With the central bank's large - scale reverse - repurchase injection on Friday and the approaching Politburo meeting, the central bank is likely to maintain neutral operations, and the cross - month funds may be stable but not overly loose [24]. 3.3. Institutional Behavior: Redemption Pressure Temporarily Eased - Recently, the redemption pressure has increased due to the large fluctuations in fund net values since July, the inflow of funds into the equity and commodity markets, and the deepening of the adjustment in the bond market [25]. - However, the possibility of the bond - market redemption evolving into a "negative feedback" is low. The increase in redemption pressure is mainly reflected in the significant increase in fund selling, while the scale and yield of wealth management products remain relatively stable. With the central bank's support on Friday, the bond market showed signs of stabilization [26]. 4. Future Focus of the Bond Market - Monetary policy: The central bank will maintain a supportive attitude, and there is no need to worry too much about liquidity. In the short term, the urgency for interest - rate cuts is reduced, and the downward space for the short - end is limited if the central bank's injection remains moderate [36]. - Fundamental aspects: The upward trend needs to be continuously consolidated. In the short term, focus on whether the linkage effect of the stock, bond, and commodity markets weakens, and the progress of Sino - US tariff negotiations [36]. - Pay attention to the policy signals from the July Politburo meeting, which is important for guiding the macro - policy adjustment [36]. 5. Next Week's Key Data to Watch - Next week, important data include Germany's and the EU's Q2 GDP, the US's July ADP employment, Q2 GDP, PCE price index, federal funds target rate, and China's July official manufacturing PMI, among others [37].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided 2. Core View of the Report - Steel prices are expected to maintain a bottom - oscillating trend in the short term and show a downward trend in the medium to long term; double - coking is expected to have wide - range oscillations; iron ore prices are expected to have support at the bottom; ferroalloys are expected to oscillate at the bottom [3][8][12][15] 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Steel - **Related Information**: In May 2025, automobile production was 2.642 million units, a year - on - year increase of 11.3%; from January to May, automobile production was 12.757 million units, a year - on - year increase of 11.1%. In May, air - conditioner retail sales increased by 30.4% online and 27.1% offline. In July 2025, the production schedule of household air - conditioners was 14.31 million units, a year - on - year decrease of 3.8%. The spot prices of Shanghai and Tianjin hot - rolled coils and Shanghai threaded steel decreased by 10 yuan [3] - **Logical Analysis**: The black - metal sector oscillated strongly last night. This week, blast furnaces resumed production, and overall steel production increased. Hot - rolled apparent demand increased, while threaded - steel apparent demand decreased slightly. Steel is still destocking, but the destocking speed of threaded steel has slowed down. It is expected that apparent demand will continue to weaken with the arrival of the off - season. The funds of downstream construction sites have decreased, and steel export data has rebounded. Blast - furnace production has peaked, but profits are high, and some blast furnaces may resume production. The fundamentals of coking coal and coke have improved, with a short - term small rebound. After entering the off - season, contradictions may accumulate, triggering a negative feedback [3] - **Trading Strategy**: For unilateral trading, steel maintains a bottom - oscillating trend; for arbitrage, it is recommended to conduct a 10 - 01 reverse spread when the price is high; for options, it is recommended to wait and see [4][6] Double - Coking - **Related Information**: Tangshan steel mills plan to reduce the price of wet - quenched coke by 50 yuan/ton and dry - quenched coke by 55 yuan/ton on June 23. The average national profit per ton of coke is - 23 yuan/ton. The prices of coke and coking - coal warehouse receipts are provided [7] - **Logical Analysis**: Recently, some coal mines have reduced production, while others have resumed production. The price of coking coal in some mines has rebounded slightly, but the inventory pressure remains. This week, pig - iron production increased slightly, but steel mills still maintain a low - inventory procurement strategy, and some steel mills have proposed a fourth - round price cut. The fundamentals of double - coking have slightly improved, and short - term disk games are intense. The Middle - East geopolitical situation may have an indirect impact on international coal prices, with a greater impact on sentiment than on substance. Short - term disturbances increase, and disk games intensify, with wide - range oscillations expected [8] - **Trading Strategy**: For unilateral trading, it is recommended to wait and see mainly due to wide - range oscillations; for arbitrage, options, and spot - futures trading, it is recommended to wait and see [9] Iron Ore - **Related Information**: On June 19, the national main - port iron - ore trading volume decreased by 0.9% month - on - month, and the trading volume of construction steel by 237 mainstream traders decreased by 6.8% month - on - month. The spot prices of Qingdao Port PB powder, super - special powder, and card powder are provided [11] - **Logical Analysis**: The iron - ore price oscillated narrowly last night. The core factors driving the market are weak. On the supply side, the shipments of mainstream mines are stable, and non - mainstream mines have rebounded rapidly. On the demand side, pig - iron production increased slightly this week, and terminal demand maintains resilience. The market is concerned about whether the weak off - season reality can be continuously traded. Compared with last year, the current black - metal valuation is low, and the recent decline shows a small positive - spread trend. It is expected that there will be support at the bottom of the ore price [12] - **Trading Strategy**: For unilateral trading, there is support at the bottom; for arbitrage, a 9/1 inter - period positive spread is mainly recommended; for options, it is recommended to wait and see [13] Ferroalloy - **Related Information**: On the 19th, the price of Gabon blocks at Tianjin Port was about 36.5 yuan/ton - degree, and the price of semi - carbonate was 32.8 - 33 yuan/ton - degree. The June silicon - manganese pricing of Hebei Iron and Steel Group is 5650 yuan/ton [15] - **Logical Analysis**: For ferrosilicon, on the 19th, the spot price in some regions increased by 50 yuan/ton. On the supply side, some factories in Qinghai have new overhauls, and this week's production is expected to decline slightly. On the demand side, the steel apparent - demand data is better than expected, driving the overall black - metal to stabilize and rebound, but the sustainability may be weak. Ferrosilicon is affected by energy - price fluctuations and oscillates at the bottom. For silicomanganese, on the 19th, manganese ore was stable, and the spot price in some regions decreased by 50 yuan/ton. The supply is also expected to decline slightly, and the demand rebound is not expected to be sustainable. The port manganese ore oscillates weakly at a low level. The steel - procurement price has increased, and there is some support, but the demand is limited, continuing to oscillate at the bottom [15][16] - **Trading Strategy**: For unilateral trading, it oscillates at the bottom; for arbitrage, it is recommended to wait and see; for options, it is recommended to sell call options when the price is high [17]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - The steel price is mainly driven by raw materials, and although it is boosted by the short - term rebound of coking coal, there is limited room for a substantial increase in coking coal due to the overall supply - demand imbalance in the raw material market and the approaching traditional off - season [3]. - The iron ore price is expected to rebound along with industrial products, but the rebound amplitude is smaller than that of coking coal, and the trend may not be strong, with decreasing volatility [21]. - Coking coal has a short - term rebound demand, but the supply - demand pattern remains loose. Coke has limited short - term supply - demand contradictions, but lacks the conditions for bottom - fishing [3][36]. - The negative impact of high inventory on ferroalloys is weakening, but the cost side is bearish. It is not recommended to bottom - fish before coal prices stabilize [54]. - The soda ash market is in a long - term oversupply expectation, and the inventory is at a historical high. The further decline of the disc price requires price cuts by alkali plants or rapid inventory accumulation [69][70]. - The glass market has weak short - term fundamentals and cost support. Although the valuation is relatively low, it is necessary to wait for the realization of spot price cut expectations [94]. Summary by Related Catalogs Steel - **Price Influencing Factors**: The price of steel is mainly affected by raw materials. The short - term rebound of coking coal boosts steel prices, but in the traditional off - season with a tendency of decreasing hot metal and an overall oversupply of raw materials, coking coal lacks a substantial upward driving force [3]. - **Price Data**: On June 5, 2025, the closing prices of rebar 01, 05, and 10 contracts were 2951, 2952, and 2959 respectively, showing different changes compared with the previous day. The closing prices of hot - rolled coil 01, 05, and 10 contracts were 3075, 3072, and 3077 respectively [4]. Iron Ore - **Market Situation**: Market sentiment has slightly recovered. The fundamentals of iron ore have weakened month - on - month, with increased shipments and a possible shift from de - stocking to slight inventory accumulation. The iron ore price is expected to rebound with industrial products, but the amplitude is smaller than that of coking coal [21]. - **Price and Fundamental Data**: On June 5, 2025, the closing prices of iron ore 01, 05, and 09 contracts were 665, 646.5, and 701 respectively. The daily average hot metal output in the week of May 30, 2025, was 241.91, showing a week - on - week decrease [22][30]. Coking Coal and Coke - **Coking Coal**: Some mines have reduced production, but large - scale production cuts have not occurred. The downstream coking profit is damaged, and the raw material replenishment willingness is poor. The import window is expected to be difficult to open, and the price of Mongolian 5 raw coal has been frequently declining [36]. - **Coke**: Steel mills in Tangshan have initiated a third - round price cut. The short - term supply - demand contradiction of coke is not significant, but the cost support is loose, and it is not suitable for bottom - fishing [36]. - **Price Data**: On June 5, 2025, the coking coal warehouse receipt cost (Tangshan Mongolian 5) was 813, and the coking coal main contract basis (Tangshan Mongolian 5) was 56. The coke warehouse receipt cost (Rizhao Port) was 1315, and the coke main contract basis (Rizhao Port) was - 27 [37]. Ferroalloys - **Market Situation**: The negative impact of high inventory on ferroalloys is gradually weakening, and the supply pressure on the supply side is small. However, the cost side is bearish, and it is not recommended to bottom - fish before coal prices stabilize [54]. - **Price Data**: On June 5, 2025, the silicon - iron basis in Ningxia was 284, and the silicon - manganese basis in Inner Mongolia was 268 [58][59]. Soda Ash - **Market Situation**: The soda ash production has recovered, and the overall maintenance volume from May to June is lower than expected. The market is in a long - term oversupply expectation, and the inventory is at a historical high. The demand is stable, and the photovoltaic sector tends to return to an oversupply pattern [69][70]. - **Price Data**: On June 5, 2025, the prices of soda ash 05, 09, and 01 contracts were 1236, 1203, and 1196 respectively, showing different degrees of decline compared with the previous day [71]. Glass - **Market Situation**: The spot market of glass remains weak, and there is still an expectation of price cuts. The daily melting volume fluctuates slightly. The cumulative apparent demand has declined by nearly 10%. The disc price is approaching the level of full - industry chain losses, and it is necessary to wait for the realization of spot price cut expectations [94]. - **Price Data**: On June 5, 2025, the prices of glass 05, 09, and 01 contracts were 1075, 963, and 1018 respectively, showing different degrees of decline compared with the previous day [95].

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating The document does not mention the industry investment rating 2. Core Viewpoints - Terminal enterprises generally adopt a defensive strategy of low - inventory operation, and the probability of enterprises reducing production or stopping work during the May Day holiday is still high. The industry may face negative feedback in May, and the upward driving force of raw material varieties is not strong [1][6] - In the short term, PTA and short - fiber are likely to maintain a weak shock within a range. The finished product inventory is generally high, the raw material inventory is extremely low, and manufacturers' willingness to replenish inventory is very low [1] 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Strategy Overview - The terminal is in the inventory accumulation stage. Some enterprises may increase the holiday time during the May Day holiday. The high - level operation of downstream enterprises may face negative feedback pressure [6] 3.2 Terminal Inventory Hoarding意愿不高, Negative Feedback May Still Have Room to Ferment - **Tariff Impact**: Export - oriented enterprises are actively responding to tariffs. Direct US orders are basically stagnant. Enterprises are looking for alternative markets such as South America, but the short - term effect is limited. Non - US orders, mainly from Southeast Asia, are relatively good. If tariffs do not change, enterprises may increase holidays and reduce production during the May Day holiday. Upstream chemical fiber factories may take further self - discipline measures [1][7][8] - **Start - up Situation**: Most enterprises are considering increasing holiday time during the May Day holiday depending on inventory. If inventory can be balanced, some enterprises may not take long holidays. Some enterprises are still hesitating due to existing orders. Some enterprises report that the accounts receivable period has become longer [1][9] - **Inventory and Replenishment**: Without significant changes in oil prices, PTA and short - fiber are unlikely to break through previous highs and may test resistance levels, maintaining a weak shock within a range. Finished product inventory is high, raw material inventory is extremely low, and manufacturers' willingness to replenish inventory is low. Some enterprises are hesitant to hoard goods due to low prices. Enterprises with sufficient funds may make small - scale purchases if sales improve or inventory pressure eases [1][9] 3.3 Enterprise Specific Situations and Demands - **Enterprise 1 (Fabric Export Factory)**: The enterprise has a 50 - 60% start - up rate. It is mainly export - oriented, with a low proportion of direct sales to the US. It is cautious about raw material inventory and focuses on sales. It exports mainly to Southeast Asian garment factories. It will not take holidays during the May Day holiday and will not hoard goods [11][12] - **Enterprise 2 (Curtain Export Manufacturer)**: The enterprise has a full start - up rate but a large inventory of about $15 million. It is actively looking for new processing locations and markets and plans to take more holidays during the May Day holiday. It is considering relocating to Southeast Asia or looking for contract manufacturers in Egypt [13][14] - **Enterprise 3 (Fabric Trader)**: The enterprise is facing a 245% top - level tariff on its export products. It can avoid taxes by under - reporting prices and is looking for contract manufacturers in Southeast Asia and Egypt. It has the idea of shifting to the domestic market but has not implemented it yet. It has low inventory and low inventory - building willingness [15] - **Enterprise 4 (Home Textile Exporter)**: The enterprise's US orders are basically stagnant, while Russian orders are good. It has learned that the start - up rate of local dyeing factories has decreased [16][19] - **Enterprise 5 (Warp - knitting Factory)**: The enterprise has a 60% start - up rate. It is cautious about stopping production due to output and tax payment requirements. It may take more holidays during the May Day holiday depending on inventory. It had inventory losses before and currently maintains a just - in - time inventory strategy. The finished product inventory is high, and the sales volume has decreased by half [20][21][24] - **Enterprise 6 (Circular Knitting Factory)**: The enterprise has a 90% start - up rate. It is less affected by tariffs, with 60% of its products for domestic sales. It has low inventory - building willingness and may consider replenishing inventory when prices are right. The downstream orders are few, and the profit is low [25][26] - **Enterprise 7 (Texturing Factory)**: One - third of the enterprise's texturing machines are shut down, and circular knitting machines are almost fully operational. It is hesitant to reduce production after the May Day holiday. It has high - cost raw material inventory and will adopt a strategy of short - term inventory replenishment [28][29] - **Enterprise 8 (Texturing Factory)**: The enterprise's texturing machines are fully operational after cleaning up inventory. It is uncertain whether to increase holidays after the May Day holiday. It has no intention to hoard inventory currently. The downstream orders are poor, and some customers will stop production during the May Day holiday [30]