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华泰期货:丁二烯橡胶上涨,反弹空间有限
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-12-03 02:05
热点栏目 自选股 数据中心 行情中心 资金流向 模拟交易 客户端 来源:华泰期货 作者: 化工组 12月2日,BR2601合约下午收盘涨幅达3.99%,早盘开始即快速拉涨,主要原因是: 国内有一船丁二烯的货源成交将于 1月下旬出口到韩国,预计4000吨,成交价格为FOB850美元/吨,合 计人民币6800元/吨。该消息使得市场预期丁二烯当前的供应压力将有所缓解。但对于今年我国丁二烯 年产量500万吨左右的体量来看,占比依然较小,对于丁二烯价格的实质支撑或较为有限,更多是价格 持续压缩之后的情绪端的修复,尤其对于顺丁橡胶而言,生产利润持续处于低迷状态。 热点栏目 自选股 数据中心 行情中心 资金流向 模拟交易 客户端 据隆众了解,目前顺丁橡胶上游装置中,在检修的装置只剩茂名石化,预计1月中旬重启。供应环比逐 步回升,叠加目前民营企业生产利润小幅改善,开工有所提升,总体供应维持充裕局面。下游半钢胎开 工率表现偏弱,轮胎工厂为减轻库存压力,仍有检修计划,将限制后期开工率回升。上游丁二烯因库存 压力未减缓,预计将限制丁二烯以及顺丁橡胶价格的反弹空间。 风险提示:顺丁橡胶上游装置动态。 投资咨询业务资格: 证监许可【2 ...
宏观金融类:文字早评2025/12/03星期三-20251203
Wu Kuang Qi Huo· 2025-12-03 01:43
Report Industry Investment Ratings No relevant content provided. Core Views of the Report - In the stock index market, although the recent market rotation has accelerated and risk appetite has decreased, policies still support the capital market, and technology growth remains the main market trend. The medium - and long - term strategy for indices is to go long on dips [4]. - In the bond market, the manufacturing PMI in November showed an overall improvement in manufacturing sentiment, but the service sector was weak, and the end - of - year social financing growth rate may remain weak. The supply - demand pattern of the bond market in the fourth quarter may improve, and the market will generally maintain a volatile trend [6]. - In the precious metals market, silver is in an accelerated upward phase, and attention should be paid to the resistance level of 14,500 yuan/kg. It is recommended to take profit in time if the price weakens. It is risky to open new long positions or short at high levels. Gold is in a breakthrough pattern at the end of a triangular convergence, and it is recommended to go long on dips [8]. - In the non - ferrous metals market, copper, aluminum, lead, and other metals are expected to have relatively strong short - term trends, while zinc is expected to fluctuate widely, and nickel is expected to fluctuate in the short term [11][13][15][18]. - In the black building materials market, steel demand has entered the off - season, and the inventory pressure of hot - rolled coils remains. Iron ore is expected to operate within a volatile range. Glass and soda ash are expected to maintain a volatile trend, and it is recommended to be bearish on soda ash in the short term [30][32][34][35]. - In the energy and chemical market, the short - term view on oil prices is not overly bearish, and a range strategy of buying low and selling high is maintained. Methanol is expected to turn to a volatile adjustment after the bullish factors are realized. Urea is expected to build a bottom through fluctuations [52][53][55]. - In the agricultural products market, for pigs, it is recommended to short near - month contracts or conduct reverse spreads. For eggs, a short - term long and medium - term short strategy is recommended. For soybeans and soybean meal, they are expected to fluctuate, and for palm oil, a strategy of buying on dips is recommended [75][77][80][83]. Summaries by Relevant Catalogs Stock Index - **Market Information**: Zheng Shanjie proposed to increase the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution and the proportion of labor remuneration in primary distribution. Five departments encouraged local governments to provide convenience and discounts in computing power, algorithms, and data. Morgan Stanley raised its production forecasts for Google's TPU in 2027 and 2028 [2]. - **Strategy View**: The policy support for the capital market remains unchanged, and technology growth is the main market trend. The medium - and long - term strategy for indices is to go long on dips [4]. Treasury Bonds - **Market Information**: On Tuesday, the main contracts of TL, T, TF, and TS declined. In November 2025, the number of new A - share accounts increased, and Trump seemed to favor Hassett as the Fed chairman. The central bank conducted 1563 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, with a net withdrawal of 1458 billion yuan [5]. - **Strategy View**: The manufacturing PMI in November showed an overall improvement, but the service sector was weak. The end - of - year social financing growth rate may remain weak. The supply - demand pattern of the bond market in the fourth quarter may improve, and the market will generally maintain a volatile trend [6]. Precious Metals - **Market Information**: Shanghai gold fell 0.85%, and Shanghai silver rose 1.10%. US economic data was weaker than expected, increasing the market's expectation of a Fed rate cut. Trump's hint that Hassett would be the Fed chairman affected the price of silver [7][8]. - **Strategy View**: Silver is in an accelerated upward phase, and attention should be paid to the resistance level of 14,500 yuan/kg. Gold is in a breakthrough pattern at the end of a triangular convergence, and it is recommended to go long on dips [8]. Non - Ferrous Metals Copper - **Market Information**: The offshore RMB was strong, and the domestic equity market declined. The LME copper 3M contract fell 0.78%, and the Shanghai copper main contract closed at 88,590 yuan/ton [10]. - **Strategy View**: Geopolitical factors still pose headwinds, but the market is more focused on the Fed's interest - rate meeting. The supply of copper raw materials is tight, and copper prices are expected to remain strong in the short term [11]. Aluminum - **Market Information**: Aluminum prices rose and then fell. The LME aluminum closed down 0.85%, and the Shanghai aluminum main contract closed at 21,840 yuan/ton [12]. - **Strategy View**: The inventory of domestic and LME aluminum ingots is in a downward trend, and the price center of aluminum is expected to rise further [13]. Zinc - **Market Information**: The Shanghai zinc index rose 0.69%, and the LME zinc 3S rose 24. The domestic zinc ingot social inventory decreased slightly, but the total inventory increased [14][15]. - **Strategy View**: The zinc industry's weak fundamentals do not match the strong macro - sentiment expectations. Zinc prices are expected to fluctuate widely in the medium term [15]. Lead - **Market Information**: The Shanghai lead index rose 0.75%, and the LME lead 3S rose 22.5. The domestic lead ingot inventory decreased marginally [16]. - **Strategy View**: The lead market has no major contradictions. In the Fed's rate - cut cycle, lead prices are expected to be strong in the short term [16]. Nickel - **Market Information**: Nickel prices rebounded slightly. The Shanghai nickel main contract rose 0.17%. The prices of nickel ore and nickel iron were stable [17]. - **Strategy View**: The pressure of nickel oversupply remains large, but nickel prices may fluctuate in the short term. It is recommended to wait and see [18]. Tin - **Market Information**: The Shanghai tin main contract rose 0.35%. The supply of tin concentrate has improved, but the conflict in Congo (Kinshasa) has affected transportation. The demand in traditional fields is weak, but there is long - term demand in emerging fields [19]. - **Strategy View**: Although the current demand in the tin market is weak, supply disturbances are the determining factor for short - term prices. Tin prices are likely to fluctuate strongly in the short term. It is recommended to wait and see [20]. Carbonate Lithium - **Market Information**: The MMLC carbonate lithium spot index fell 0.95%, and the LC2605 contract fell 0.39% [21]. - **Strategy View**: The short - term supply - demand contradiction is expected to ease marginally, but the medium - term demand expectation is highly divergent. It is recommended to wait and see or use options [21]. Alumina - **Market Information**: The alumina index fell 0.22%. The Shandong spot price fell 5 dollars/ton, and the import profit and loss was 22 yuan/ton [22]. - **Strategy View**: Overseas ore shipments are expected to recover, and the alumina smelting capacity is in an over - supply situation. It is recommended to wait and see in the short term [23][24]. Stainless Steel - **Market Information**: The stainless steel main contract rose 0.16%. The spot prices in Foshan and Wuxi were stable. The raw material prices were stable, and the inventory decreased [25]. - **Strategy View**: The supply is high, the demand is improving marginally, but the cost pressure is high. Stainless steel prices are expected to fluctuate widely in the short term [25]. Cast Aluminum Alloy - **Market Information**: The cast aluminum alloy price fluctuated. The AD2601 contract fell 0.14%. The domestic inventory decreased [26]. - **Strategy View**: The cost of cast aluminum alloy is relatively stable, and the supply is affected by policies. If the inventory continues to decrease, the price is expected to rise [27]. Black Building Materials Steel - **Market Information**: The rebar main contract fell 0.03%, and the hot - rolled coil main contract fell 0.06%. The export of steel to South Korea will be affected by anti - dumping duties [29][30]. - **Strategy View**: The demand for steel has entered the off - season, and the inventory pressure of hot - rolled coils remains. It is necessary to pay attention to the implementation of production cuts and important meetings [30]. Iron Ore - **Market Information**: The iron ore main contract fell 0.06%. The spot price of PB powder in Qingdao Port was 797 yuan/wet ton [31]. - **Strategy View**: The overseas iron ore shipments were stable, the demand was weak, and the inventory increased. Iron ore prices are expected to operate within a volatile range [32]. Glass and Soda Ash - **Market Information**: The glass main contract fell 0.19%, and the soda ash main contract rose 0.60%. The glass inventory decreased, and the soda ash inventory decreased [33][35]. - **Strategy View**: The glass market is in a bottom - exploring stage, and prices are expected to fluctuate widely. The soda ash price is expected to be stable in the short term, but it is recommended to be bearish before the demand improves [34][35]. Manganese Silicon and Ferrosilicon - **Market Information**: The manganese silicon main contract fell 0.03%, and the ferrosilicon main contract fell 0.33%. The black market was weak, and the iron alloy was affected [36]. - **Strategy View**: The market sentiment has improved, and it is recommended to pay attention to the turning point of market sentiment. The iron alloy is affected by the weak coke market, but there is no need to be overly pessimistic [39]. Industrial Silicon and Polysilicon - **Market Information**: The industrial silicon main contract fell 1.86%, and the polysilicon main contract fell 2.41%. The production of industrial silicon decreased, and the demand for polysilicon decreased [41][43]. - **Strategy View**: The industrial silicon market is in a weak supply - demand situation, and prices are easily affected by market sentiment. The polysilicon market has a weak supply - demand pattern, and it is recommended to short on rallies [42][44]. Energy and Chemicals Rubber - **Market Information**: Rubber prices fell, and the technical pattern was broken. The flood in Thailand receded, and the fundamentals of rubber were weak. The tire factory's operating rate was weak, and the inventory increased [46][48]. - **Strategy View**: It is recommended to wait and see or conduct short - term trading. A hedging strategy of buying RU2601 and selling RU2609 is recommended [50]. Crude Oil - **Market Information**: The INE main crude oil futures rose 0.09%, and the refined oil futures had different trends. The Chinese crude oil inventory increased, and the gasoline inventory decreased [51]. - **Strategy View**: Although the geopolitical premium has disappeared, it is not advisable to be overly bearish on oil prices in the short term. It is recommended to wait and see [52]. Methanol - **Market Information**: The methanol price in Taicang rose 14, and the 01 contract fell 4. The market stopped falling and stabilized [53]. - **Strategy View**: The potential bullish factors in Iran are being realized. The market is expected to turn to a volatile adjustment after the bullish factors are realized. It is recommended to wait and see on the single - side and pay attention to the positive spread opportunity [53]. Urea - **Market Information**: The urea spot price was stable, and the 01 contract rose 12. The market was in a bottom - building stage [54]. - **Strategy View**: The urea price is expected to gradually break out of the bottom range. It is recommended to go long on dips [55]. Pure Benzene and Styrene - **Market Information**: The price of pure benzene was stable, and the price of styrene futures rose. The supply of pure benzene was wide, and the inventory of styrene increased [56]. - **Strategy View**: The non - integrated profit of styrene is neutral to low, and there is room for valuation repair. It is recommended to go long on the non - integrated profit of styrene when the inventory reverses [57]. PVC - **Market Information**: The PVC01 contract rose 22, and the cost was stable. The supply was high, and the demand was weak [58]. - **Strategy View**: The domestic PVC market has a strong supply and weak demand. It is recommended to short on rallies [60]. Ethylene Glycol - **Market Information**: The EG01 contract fell 5, and the inventory increased. The domestic supply is expected to decrease in December, but the medium - term supply is still high [61]. - **Strategy View**: The supply - demand pattern of ethylene glycol is expected to be weak. It is recommended to short on rallies [62]. PTA - **Market Information**: The PTA01 contract fell 10, and the inventory decreased. The supply is expected to increase, and the demand is expected to be stable [63]. - **Strategy View**: The PTA processing fee has limited upward space. It is recommended to pay attention to the opportunity of going long on dips [64]. Para - Xylene - **Market Information**: The PX01 contract fell 18, and the inventory increased. The PX load is high, and the downstream demand is weak [65]. - **Strategy View**: The PX is expected to accumulate inventory slightly in December. It is recommended to pay attention to the opportunity of going long on dips [66]. Polyethylene PE - **Market Information**: The PE main contract rose 28, and the inventory decreased. The supply is limited, and the demand is in the off - season [67]. - **Strategy View**: The PE valuation has limited downward space. It is recommended to short the LL1 - 5 spread on rallies [68]. Polypropylene PP - **Market Information**: The PP main contract rose 13, and the inventory decreased. The supply pressure is high, and the demand is seasonal [69]. - **Strategy View**: The PP market has a weak supply - demand situation. It may be supported when the cost - side supply - surplus pattern changes in the first quarter of next year [72]. Agricultural Products Live Pigs - **Market Information**: The domestic pig price was weak, and the supply increased while the demand growth was limited [74]. - **Strategy View**: The supply pressure of live pigs remains, and the demand is weak. It is recommended to short near - month contracts or conduct reverse spreads [75]. Eggs - **Market Information**: The egg price was stable or fell, and the inventory increased slightly [76]. - **Strategy View**: The far - month egg price is strong, and the near - month price is affected by inventory and consumption. A short - term long and medium - term short strategy is recommended [77]. Soybean Meal - **Market Information**: The CBOT soybean price fluctuated, and the domestic soybean meal price decreased. The global soybean supply is expected to decrease, and the Brazilian soybean planting progress is good [79]. - **Strategy View**: The import cost of soybeans has a bottom support, and the soybean meal is expected to fluctuate [80]. Oils and Fats - **Market Information**: The export of Malaysian palm oil decreased, and the production was volatile. The domestic oil inventory decreased [81]. - **Strategy View**: The palm oil market may reverse if the Indonesian production decreases. It is recommended to try to go long on dips [83]. Sugar - **Market Information**: The Zhengzhou sugar futures price fell, and the spot price decreased. The production of sugar in India and Brazil increased [84]. - **Strategy View**: The global sugar supply is expected to be in surplus, and it is recommended to short on rallies [85]. Cotton - **Market Information**: The Zhengzhou cotton futures price rose, and the spot price increased. The global cotton production is expected to increase, and the domestic demand is stable [86][87]. - **Strategy View**: The Zhengzhou cotton is unlikely to have a unilateral trend, and the probability of a trend - following market is low [88].
能源化工期权:能源化工期权策略早报-20251203
Wu Kuang Qi Huo· 2025-12-03 01:43
Group 1: Report Overview - The report is an energy and chemical options strategy morning report, covering energy (crude oil, LPG), polyolefins (PP, PVC, plastic, styrene), polyesters (PX, PTA, short - fiber, bottle - chip), alkali chemicals (caustic soda, soda ash), and other energy - chemical products like rubber [2][3] - The recommended strategy is to construct an option portfolio strategy mainly based on sellers and spot hedging or covered strategies to enhance returns [3] Group 2: Underlying Futures Market Overview - The latest prices, price changes, price change rates, trading volumes, volume changes, open interests, and open interest changes of various underlying futures contracts are presented. For example, the latest price of crude oil SC2601 is 450, with a price change of - 3 and a change rate of - 0.75% [4] Group 3: Option Factor - Volume and Open Interest PCR - The volume PCR and open interest PCR of different option varieties are provided, along with their changes. For instance, the volume PCR of crude oil is 0.47 with a change of - 0.09, and the open interest PCR is 0.69 with a change of - 0.05 [5] Group 4: Option Factor - Pressure and Support Levels - The pressure points, support points, and their offsets, as well as the maximum open interests of call and put options, are given for each option variety. For example, the pressure point of crude oil is 540 and the support point is 430 [6] Group 5: Option Factor - Implied Volatility - The implied volatility data of different option varieties are presented, including at - the - money implied volatility, weighted implied volatility and its change, annual average implied volatility, call and put implied volatility, historical volatility, and the difference between implied and historical volatility. For example, the at - the - money implied volatility of crude oil is 26.915, and the weighted implied volatility is 29.07 with a change of 1.12 [7] Group 6: Strategy and Recommendations for Different Option Varieties Energy - related Options (Crude Oil) - Fundamental analysis: US refinery demand has stabilized and recovered. Shale oil production has slightly declined. OPEC's short - term supply is flat, and Russian exports are not blocked. Kuwait's refinery has resumed earlier than expected, weakening the support for low - sulfur fuel oil [8] - Market analysis: Crude oil prices showed a short - term weak and volatile trend in August, continued to be weak and bearish in September before gradually rebounding, fell sharply in October before rebounding, and showed a complex trend of shock, rebound, and then sharp decline in November [8] - Option factor research: The implied volatility of crude oil options fluctuates above the average level. The open interest PCR is below 0.80, indicating a weak market. The pressure point is 540 and the support point is 430 [8] - Strategy recommendations: Directional strategy - construct a bear spread portfolio of put options; Volatility strategy - construct a short - biased call + put option combination strategy; Spot long - hedging strategy - construct a long collar strategy [8] Energy - related Options (LPG) - Fundamental analysis: US propane inventory is starting to decline but remains at a high level. Crude oil prices are affected by supply surplus and geopolitical issues [10] - Market analysis: LPG prices showed a trend of rising and then falling in September, rebounding in October, and continued to rise in November, showing a pattern of rebound and consolidation after an oversold situation [10] - Option factor research: The implied volatility of LPG options has dropped significantly to near the lower - than - average level. The open interest PCR is around 0.80, indicating a weak market. The pressure point is 4500 and the support point is 4150 [10] - Strategy recommendations: Directional strategy - none; Volatility strategy - construct a long - biased call + put option combination strategy; Spot long - hedging strategy - construct a long collar strategy [10] Alcohol - related Options (Methanol) - Fundamental analysis: Port inventory has decreased, and enterprise inventory is at a relatively low level compared to the same period last year [10] - Market analysis: Methanol prices have been weak since August, showed a rebound after a low - level consolidation in September, and continued to be weak in October and November [10] - Option factor research: The implied volatility of methanol options fluctuates around the historical average level. The open interest PCR is below 0.60, indicating a weak and volatile market. The pressure point is 2300 and the support point is 2000 [10] - Strategy recommendations: Directional strategy - construct a bear spread portfolio of put options; Volatility strategy - construct a short - biased call + put option combination strategy; Spot long - hedging strategy - construct a long collar strategy [10] Other Options (Ethylene Glycol, Polypropylene, Rubber, PTA, Caustic Soda, Soda Ash, Urea) - Similar analysis frameworks are used for these options, including fundamental analysis, market trend analysis, option factor research, and corresponding strategy recommendations [11][12][13][14] Group 7: Charts - There are various charts for different option varieties, such as price trend charts, volume and open interest charts, open interest - PCR charts, implied volatility charts, historical volatility cone charts, and pressure and support point charts [15][16][17]
宝城期货橡胶早报-2025-12-03-20251203
Bao Cheng Qi Huo· 2025-12-03 01:32
2.跌幅大于 1%为弱势,跌幅 0~1%为偏弱,涨幅 0~1%为偏强,涨幅大于 1%为强势。 期货研究报告 晨会纪要 投资咨询业务资格:证监许可【2011】1778 宝城期货橡胶早报-2025-12-03 品种晨会纪要 时间周期说明:短期为一周以内、中期为两周至一月 | 品种 | | 短期 | 中期 | 日内 | 观点参考 | 核心逻辑概要 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 沪胶 | 2601 | 震荡 | 震荡 | 偏强 | 偏强运行 | 偏多因素支撑,沪胶震荡偏强 | | 合成胶 | 2601 | 震荡 | 震荡 | 偏强 | 偏强运行 | 偏多因素支撑,合成胶震荡偏强 | 备注: 1.有夜盘的品种以夜盘收盘价为起始价格,无夜盘的品种以昨日收盘价为起始价格,当日日盘收盘 价为终点价格,计算涨跌幅度。 3.偏强/偏弱只针对日内观点,短期和中期不做区分。 主要品种价格行情驱动逻辑—商品期货能源化工板块 沪胶(RU) 日内观点:偏强 中期观点:震荡 参考观点:偏强运行 核心逻辑:随着国内云南和海南天胶产区逐渐临近停割季,未来国产全乳胶供应预期逐渐下降 ...
光大期货矿能源化工类日报12.03
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-12-03 01:31
Oil Market - Oil prices declined on Tuesday, with WTI January contract closing at $58.64 per barrel, down $0.68, a decrease of 1.15% [2][17] - Brent February contract closed at $62.45 per barrel, down $0.72, a decrease of 1.14% [2][17] - Russian oil product exports from Tuapse port are expected to increase to 1.123 million tons in December, a 21.4% increase from the initial plan of 895,000 tons per day in November [2][17] - OPEC+ members will begin annual oil production capacity assessments starting next year, which will inform production quotas for 2027 [2][17] - Despite cautious production increase plans from OPEC+, limited support for oil prices is anticipated, with expectations of continued price fluctuations [2][17] Fuel Oil - The main contract for fuel oil on the Shanghai Futures Exchange fell by 0.2% to 2469 yuan per ton, while low-sulfur fuel oil rose by 0.63% to 3035 yuan per ton [18][19] - The closure of the arbitrage window between East and West is expected to reduce the volume of low-sulfur fuel oil arriving in Singapore in December [18][19] - The high-sulfur fuel oil market is expected to face ample supply due to stable demand [18][19] Asphalt - The main asphalt contract on the Shanghai Futures Exchange dropped by 2.41% to 2916 yuan per ton [20] - November showed weak supply and demand characteristics, with total domestic asphalt supply expected at 2.53 million tons, a 15.2% decrease month-on-month [20] - Supply is expected to decrease further in December, but the decline may be limited due to low demand in northern regions [20] Rubber - The main rubber contract on the Shanghai Futures Exchange rose by 110 yuan per ton to 15360 yuan per ton [21] - Global natural rubber production is forecasted to increase by 2.7% in October to 1.496 million tons, while consumption is expected to decrease by 4.2% [21] - The rubber market is anticipated to remain volatile due to weak supply and demand fundamentals [21] PX, PTA, and MEG - TA601 closed at 4752 yuan per ton, down 0.21%, while EG2601 closed at 3877 yuan per ton, down 0.13% [22] - PX futures closed at 6912 yuan per ton, down 0.26%, with spot prices at $851 per ton [22] - Downstream demand is gradually weakening, with polyester production remaining resilient but lacking strong momentum [22] Methanol - Methanol prices showed slight fluctuations, with Taicang spot prices at 2132 yuan per ton [22] - Domestic production is expected to slightly decline in December, while import volumes are anticipated to decrease from high levels [22] - Overall, methanol prices are expected to remain strong in the short term, with a focus on strategies involving methanol and polyolefins [22] Polyolefins - Mainstream prices for polypropylene in East China range from 6320 to 6500 yuan per ton, with various production margins reported [23][24] - Supply is expected to increase as previously shut facilities resume operations, while downstream orders are anticipated to weaken [24] - The market is expected to experience bottom-side fluctuations if crude oil prices remain stable [24] PVC - PVC market prices in East China showed a slight upward trend, with various grades priced between 4480 and 4700 yuan per ton [25] - Supply is expected to grow as maintenance periods for enterprises are low, but demand from the real estate sector is anticipated to weaken [25] - PVC prices may trend towards the bottom due to improved basis and reduced export barriers [25] Urea - Urea futures prices remained stable, closing at 1687 yuan per ton, with slight fluctuations in the spot market [26] - Supply levels are gradually decreasing as some gas-based enterprises reduce output [26] - Demand remains supported by essential needs and reserve requirements, with expectations of continued price fluctuations [26] Soda Ash - Soda ash futures prices fluctuated, closing at 1183 yuan per ton, with stable spot market prices [27] - Supply is expected to increase as more facilities resume operations, while demand remains focused on low-price replenishment [27] - The market is expected to remain in a bottom range due to weak driving factors [27] Glass - Glass futures prices showed a slight decline, closing at 1034 yuan per ton, while the spot market remained firm [28] - The industry is experiencing frequent changes in production lines, with stable daily melting capacity [28] - Demand remains positive, but new driving factors are limited, leading to a slight market sentiment decline [28]
国新国证期货早报-20251203
Guo Xin Guo Zheng Qi Huo· 2025-12-03 01:26
Group 1: General Market Conditions - On December 2, 2025, A-share's three major indexes collectively declined, with the Shanghai Composite Index down 0.42% to 3897.71 points, the Shenzhen Component Index down 0.68% to 13056.70 points, and the ChiNext Index down 0.69% to 3071.15 points. The trading volume of the two markets was 1593.4 billion yuan, a decrease of 280.5 billion yuan from the previous day [1] - The CSI 300 index adjusted on December 2, closing at 4554.34, down 22.15 [2] Group 2: Coke and Coking Coal - On December 2, the coke weighted index continued to rebound, closing at 1677.7, up 35.6; the coking coal weighted index fluctuated and closed at 1139.3 yuan, up 19.6 [2][3] - Coke supply is increasing, with significant inventory accumulation. Mine clean coal inventory increased by 20.44% in a single week, and coke plant inventory increased by 9.91% [4] - As of the end of October 2025, China's imported coking coal reached 98.869 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 4.8%. In October, the total import volume was 10.5932 million tons, a month-on-month decrease of 3.02% and a year-on-year increase of 6.39%. From January to October, China's coke export volume was 6.2189 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 14.05%. In October, coke exports were 727,400 tons, a month-on-month increase of 34% and a year-on-year increase of 49.92% [4] Group 3: Zhengzhou Sugar - Affected by the supply outlook and weak technical indicators, US sugar tumbled on Monday. Under the influence of the decline in US sugar, the short sellers pressured the Zhengzhou Sugar 2605 contract to decline on Tuesday and in the night session [4] - Brazil's central-southern region produced 983,000 tons of sugar in the first half of November, a year-on-year increase of 8.7%. The sugarcane crushing volume reached 18.8 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 14.3%. The proportion of sugarcane used for sugar production dropped to 38.6% [4] Group 4: Rubber - Due to the large decline in the previous trading day, the rubber futures prices rebounded due to bargain hunting. The short sellers pressured the Shanghai Rubber futures to decline slightly in the night session [5] - ANRPC predicted that global natural rubber production in October would increase by 2.7% to 1.496 million tons, and consumption would decrease by 4.2% to 1.26 million tons. In the first 10 months, cumulative production was expected to increase by 2.6% to 11.9 million tons, and cumulative consumption was expected to decrease by 1.8% to 12.684 million tons. In 2025, global natural rubber production was expected to increase by 1.3% to 14.892 million tons, and consumption was expected to increase by 0.8% to 15.565 million tons [5] Group 5: Soybean Meal - On December 2, CBOT soybean futures prices slightly declined. The large expected production of South American soybeans suppressed the speculation of US soybean demand [5] - As of last Thursday, the sown area of Brazilian soybeans reached 89% of the expected area, compared with 91% in the same period last year. StoneX estimated that Brazil's soybean production would be 177.2 million tons. Argentina's soybean sowing was progressing smoothly, with a planting rate of over 20% [5] - On December 1, the M2601 contract closed at 3039 yuan/ton, a decrease of 0.16%. Currently, soybean supply is sufficient, crushing volume has increased, and soybean meal inventory is at a high level. The domestic soybean meal futures market is in a situation of cost support and supply pressure, and the price is expected to fluctuate [5] Group 6: Live Pigs - On December 2, the LH2601 contract closed at 11455 yuan/ton, a decrease of 0.35%. In the short term, as the end of the year approaches, most large-scale pig enterprises are more willing to sell pigs to meet their annual targets, and the number of pigs for sale has increased, putting pressure on prices [5] - The demand for pork has increased marginally due to the drop in temperature, and the traditional bacon-making season has started in the southwest region, but the overall progress is slow, and the demand recovery is gentle. The live pig market is still in a situation of strong supply and weak demand [5] Group 7: Palm Oil - On December 2, the main palm oil contract continued to move positions and rebound. The price briefly opened lower and then quickly rose, closing at 8720, up 0.79%. The expected export volume of Malaysian palm oil from November 1 - 30 was 779,392 tons, a decrease of 39.21% compared with the same period last month [5] Group 8: Shanghai Copper - The main Shanghai Copper 2601 contract showed a weak pattern of opening high and closing low. The linkage between futures and spot and between domestic and foreign markets weakened, and the trading activity decreased. The contract opened at 89410 yuan/ton, reached a high of 89920 yuan/ton, and finally closed at 88920 yuan/ton [6] - The hawkish stance of the Federal Reserve supported the US dollar, suppressing global copper demand and causing funds to flow out of the non-ferrous metal sector. Traditional demand is weak, and the copper consumption in the real estate sector is under pressure. The supply-side positive factors cannot offset these two pressures [6] Group 9: Cotton - On Tuesday night, the main Zhengzhou Cotton contract closed at 13720 yuan/ton. Cotton inventory increased by 96 lots compared with the previous trading day. Xinjiang's cotton purchase is basically over, and it is in the peak processing period. The commercial inventory is growing rapidly and is significantly higher than the same period last year [6] Group 10: Iron Ore - On December 2, the main iron ore 2601 contract fluctuated and closed up 0.5% at 800.5 yuan. The shipping volume increased month-on-month, the arrival volume decreased, and the port inventory increased again. In the off-season, as the steel mill profitability rate continued to decline, the molten iron output continued to decline, and the iron ore price is expected to fluctuate [6] Group 11: Asphalt - On December 2, the main asphalt 2601 contract fluctuated and declined 2.41% to close at 2916 yuan. In December, the domestic refinery asphalt production plan decreased month-on-month, the inventory decreased, the demand entered the off-season, and the downstream procurement was cautious. The asphalt price is expected to fluctuate [6] Group 12: Logs - On December 2, the log 2601 contract opened at 767.5, with a minimum of 767.5, a maximum of 774.5, and closed at 769.5, with a decrease of 1151 lots in positions. The spot price of 3.9-meter medium A radiata pine logs in Shandong was 740 yuan/cubic meter, down 10 yuan/cubic meter from the previous day, and the price in Jiangsu was 750 yuan/cubic meter, unchanged from the previous day [6][7] Group 13: Steel - On December 2, the rb2601 contract closed at 3169 yuan/ton, and the hc2601 contract closed at 3325 yuan/ton. The total new house sales area in ten major cities was 2.1112 million square meters, a month-on-month increase of 10% and a year-on-year decrease of 38%. The real estate market is still at a low level. Due to the rush to complete infrastructure projects in some areas, demand has remained resilient, and steel inventory is expected to continue to decline. Steel prices are expected to fluctuate strongly [7] Group 14: Alumina - On December 2, the ao2601 contract closed at 2670 yuan/ton. The trading logic of alumina supply exceeding demand continues, and the upward pressure remains. Domestic alumina production capacity is high, the import window is open, and the arrival of imported alumina will further exacerbate the imbalance between supply and demand. Demand is weak, and the spot market trading is cold [7][8] Group 15: Shanghai Aluminum - On December 2, the al2601 contract closed at 21910 yuan/ton. The inhibitory effect of high aluminum prices on consumption has gradually eased, and some postponed demand has begun to be released. The operating rates of aluminum profiles, aluminum cables, and primary and secondary aluminum alloy sectors have all improved to varying degrees. Aluminum prices are expected to fluctuate at a high level in the short term [8]
能源化工日报-20251203
Wu Kuang Qi Huo· 2025-12-03 01:10
Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content Core Viewpoints - For crude oil, although geopolitical premiums have disappeared and OPEC's production increase is minimal with supply not yet surging, short - term oil prices should not be overly bearish. Maintain a range - trading strategy of buying low and selling high, but currently wait for signs of OPEC's export price - support intention by observing price drops and export declines [3] - For methanol, with the potential bullish factors from Iranian plant shutdowns materializing, the market has stopped falling and stabilized. The short - term bottom may have emerged. Supply is expected to remain high, limiting further upside. Suggest waiting and observing for single - side trading and looking for positive spread trading opportunities in the inter - month spread [6] - For urea, the price is expected to gradually emerge from the bottom range. With supply at a relatively high level and demand improving, the downside is limited. Consider buying on dips [8][10] - For rubber, adopt a neutral stance, suggest waiting and observing or short - term quick - in - and - out trading. Hold the hedging position of buying RU2601 and selling RU2609 [14] - For PVC, the domestic supply - demand situation is weak, but short - term valuation is low and costs are rising. Adopt a strategy of shorting on rallies in the medium term [16] - For pure benzene and styrene, when the inventory reversal point appears, consider going long on non - integrated styrene profits [19] - For polyethylene, the long - term contradiction has shifted from cost - driven decline to production mismatch. Consider narrowing the LL1 - 5 spread on rallies [22] - For polypropylene, in the context of weak supply and demand, wait for the change in the cost - side supply - surplus pattern in the first quarter of next year, which may support the market [25] - For PX, expect a slight inventory build - up in December. Look for buying opportunities on dips [28] - For PTA, with supply and demand stabilizing, look for buying opportunities on dips based on expectations [29][30] - For ethylene glycol, the supply - demand outlook is weak in the medium term. Suggest shorting on rallies [31] Summary by Related Catalogs Crude Oil - **Market Information**: INE's main crude oil futures rose 0.40 yuan/barrel, or 0.09%, to 453.80 yuan/barrel. High - sulfur fuel oil futures fell 5.00 yuan/ton, or 0.20%, to 2469.00 yuan/ton. Low - sulfur fuel oil futures rose 19.00 yuan/ton, or 0.63%, to 3035.00 yuan/ton. China's weekly crude oil data showed that crude oil arrival inventory increased by 0.30 million barrels to 207.78 million barrels, a 0.14% increase; gasoline commercial inventory decreased by 0.15 million barrels to 85.30 million barrels, a 0.18% decrease; diesel commercial inventory increased by 0.16 million barrels to 91.70 million barrels, a 0.17% increase; total refined oil commercial inventory increased by 0.01 million barrels to 176.99 million barrels, a 0.00% increase [2] - **Strategy View**: Maintain a range - trading strategy of buying low and selling high, but currently wait and observe, waiting for signs of OPEC's export price - support intention [3] Methanol - **Market Information**: Taicang price increased by 14, Lunan by 45, Inner Mongolia remained stable. The 01 - contract on the market fell 4 yuan to 2132 yuan/ton, with the basis at par. The 1 - 5 spread was - 4, reported at - 100 [5] - **Strategy View**: The short - term bottom may have emerged. Supply is expected to remain high, limiting further upside. Suggest waiting and observing for single - side trading and looking for positive spread trading opportunities in the inter - month spread [6] Urea - **Market Information**: Shandong, Henan, and Hubei spot prices remained stable. The 01 - contract on the market rose 12 yuan to 1687 yuan, with the basis at - 17. The 1 - 5 spread increased by 4 to - 65 [7] - **Strategy View**: The price is expected to gradually emerge from the bottom range. With supply at a relatively high level and demand improving, the downside is limited. Consider buying on dips [8][10] Rubber - **Market Information**: Rubber prices declined, with short - term technical breakdown. The flood in the main rubber - producing area in Thailand receded, reducing bullish factors. Exchange RU inventory warrants were low. The fundamental driving force of rubber weakened, temporarily following macro - fluctuations. Tire factory operating rates were weak, with inventory increasing [12][13] - **Strategy View**: Adopt a neutral stance, suggest waiting and observing or short - term quick - in - and - out trading. Hold the hedging position of buying RU2601 and selling RU2609 [14] PVC - **Market Information**: The PVC01 contract rose 22 yuan to 4575 yuan. The Changzhou SG - 5 spot price was 4510 (+20) yuan/ton, with the basis at - 65 (-2) yuan/ton. The 1 - 5 spread was - 278 (+1) yuan/ton. The cost side remained stable, and the overall operating rate was 80.2%, up 1.4%. Factory and social inventories increased [14] - **Strategy View**: The domestic supply - demand situation is weak, but short - term valuation is low and costs are rising. Adopt a strategy of shorting on rallies in the medium term [16] Pure Benzene and Styrene - **Market Information**: The spot price of pure benzene was unchanged, and the futures price was unchanged, with the basis widening. The spot price of styrene was unchanged, and the futures price rose, with the basis weakening. The upstream operating rate of pure benzene decreased, and the port inventory increased. The three - S weighted operating rate on the demand side increased slightly [18] - **Strategy View**: When the inventory reversal point appears, consider going long on non - integrated styrene profits [19] Polyethylene - **Market Information**: The closing price of the main contract rose 28 yuan/ton to 6831 yuan/ton. The spot price was unchanged. The upstream operating rate decreased slightly. Production enterprise and trader inventories decreased. The downstream average operating rate increased slightly [21] - **Strategy View**: The long - term contradiction has shifted from cost - driven decline to production mismatch. Consider narrowing the LL1 - 5 spread on rallies [22] Polypropylene - **Market Information**: The closing price of the main contract rose 13 yuan/ton to 6410 yuan/ton. The spot price was unchanged. The upstream operating rate increased. Production enterprise, trader, and port inventories decreased. The downstream average operating rate increased slightly [24] - **Strategy View**: In the context of weak supply and demand, wait for the change in the cost - side supply - surplus pattern in the first quarter of next year, which may support the market [25] PX - **Market Information**: The PX01 contract fell 18 yuan to 6912 yuan. PX CFR rose 2 dollars to 851 dollars. The basis was 32 yuan (+38). The 1 - 3 spread was - 32 yuan (-4). The PX load in China and Asia decreased. Some domestic and overseas plants had maintenance or load reduction. PTA load increased. November imports from South Korea decreased. Inventory increased at the end of October [27] - **Strategy View**: Expect a slight inventory build - up in December. Look for buying opportunities on dips [28] PTA - **Market Information**: The PTA01 contract rose 62 yuan to 4762 yuan. The East China spot price rose 75 yuan to 4710 yuan. The basis was - 33 yuan (+5). The 1 - 5 spread was - 62 yuan (-10). The PTA load increased. The downstream load increased slightly. Terminal load was mixed. Social inventory decreased in late November. Spot and futures processing fees changed [28] - **Strategy View**: With supply and demand stabilizing, look for buying opportunities on dips based on expectations [29][30] Ethylene Glycol - **Market Information**: The EG01 contract fell 3 yuan to 3882 yuan. The East China spot price rose 19 yuan to 3901 yuan. The basis was 4 yuan (unchanged). The 1 - 5 spread was - 98 yuan (-5). The supply - side load increased, with multiple domestic and overseas plant changes. The downstream load increased slightly. Terminal load was mixed. Import arrivals were expected, and port inventory increased [30] - **Strategy View**: The supply - demand outlook is weak in the medium term. Suggest shorting on rallies [31]
突发!事关“和平计划”,普京、泽连斯基表态!
Qi Huo Ri Bao· 2025-12-02 23:40
Group 1 - The meeting between Putin, Witkoff, and Kushner lasted nearly 5 hours and was described as productive, focusing on the Ukraine issue and potential solutions [1] - There is currently no compromise solution for the Ukraine issue, with some proposals from the US being acceptable to Russia while others are not [1] - Putin stated that Russia cannot accept modifications to the US-proposed peace plan for Ukraine made by Europe, viewing them as attempts to obstruct the peace process [2][3] Group 2 - Ukrainian President Zelensky emphasized that there will be no simple solutions to the peace plan between Ukraine and Russia, insisting that Ukraine must be involved in any decisions regarding its future [4] - Zelensky reported that Ukraine is closer to peace than ever and is actively communicating with allies to ensure their involvement in the decision-making process [4] - A high-level meeting between the US and Ukraine took place on November 30, where discussions were based on the revised peace plan [4] Group 3 - The European aerospace and defense industry is projected to generate €325.7 billion in revenue for 2024, marking a 10.1% increase, driven primarily by the defense sector [5][6] - The defense industry's revenue is expected to grow by 13.8%, largely due to increased military support for Ukraine and overall defense spending [6] - The aerospace sector is anticipated to see a 3.1% revenue increase, while the civil aviation sector is expected to grow by 6%, despite challenges such as supply chain bottlenecks and labor shortages [6]
商品日报(12月2日):利多传闻提振合成橡胶大涨 多晶硅领跌
Xin Hua Cai Jing· 2025-12-02 09:36
其他品种方面,贵金属继续高位盘整,沪银盘中再度刷新历史新高至13700/千克以上的水平,最大涨幅超5%,但终盘涨幅有所回落,仅收涨2.46%。 多晶硅快速回落铂钯转跌低开 12月2日,多晶硅主力合约快速回落,低开后持续下行,以2.70%的跌幅领跌国内商品市场。广期所昨日对多晶硅期货PS2601合约的交易保证金标准及交易 限额作出调整,市场多头情绪快速降温。从基本面来看,光大期货表示,光伏集中式项目收尾,海外需求同步下滑,组件端大版型订单大幅缩水,产业链需 求负反馈效应加剧。硅料厂延续强势挺价、叠加盘面近月挤仓和正套操作,近期现货不跌反涨。硅料厂延续减产降库不降价策略,市场量价分离、有价无市 特征愈发明确。随着交易所改变交易规则,近月挤仓风险出现下降,关注后续持仓量变化。 铂钯今日转跌调整,主力合约均跌超2%。虽然美联储降息预期将强,但此前的上涨已在盘面体现,白银在库存紧张下快速走高,但金价上涨动能有限,同 时日本央行的鹰派言论引发市场对全球流动性收紧的担忧,贵金属市场整体情绪有所回落。就铂钯自身而言,银河期货认为,铂金2025年总体供需处于偏紧 状态,铂金显性库存有去化表现,基本面有支撑,但近期广期所铂价与外 ...
瑞达期货天然橡胶产业日报-20251202
Rui Da Qi Huo· 2025-12-02 09:22
1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Recent raw materials in Yunnan's rubber - producing areas remain stable, with farmers in the area starting to sell rubber blocks, and the supply is relatively abundant; in Hainan's producing areas, continuous rainfall and decreasing temperature have increased disruptions to rubber - tapping operations, reducing the output of fresh glue, but due to the decline in overseas factory offers, local processing plants are less willing to replenish high - priced raw materials, leading to a slight decrease in raw material prices [2]. - Currently, the total inventory at Qingdao Port is still accumulating significantly, with both bonded and general trade warehouses showing inventory increases. Overseas shipments arriving at the port for storage remain at a high level, but downstream factories are flexible in production scheduling and cautious in inventory preparation, resulting in a large - scale inventory accumulation at Qingdao Port [2]. - In terms of demand, some semi - steel tire enterprises had maintenance last week, dragging down the capacity utilization rate; full - steel tire enterprises that had maintenance resumed production, leading to a restorative increase in capacity utilization. This week, as the start - up of maintenance enterprises gradually returns to normal, it will drive a restorative increase in overall capacity utilization, but some enterprises have maintenance plans at the beginning of the month, which will limit the increase in overall capacity utilization [2]. - The ru2601 contract is expected to fluctuate in the range of 15,100 - 15,700 in the short term, and the nr2601 contract is expected to fluctuate in the range of 12,000 - 12,500 in the short term [2]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Futures Market - The closing price of the main Shanghai rubber contract is 15,360 yuan/ton, up 110 yuan; the closing price of the main 20 - rubber contract is 12,230 yuan/ton, up 60 yuan [2]. - The 1 - 5 spread of Shanghai rubber is - 10 yuan/ton, unchanged; the 1 - 2 spread of 20 - rubber is - 5 yuan/ton, up 5 yuan [2]. - The spread between Shanghai rubber and 20 - rubber is 3,130 yuan/ton, up 50 yuan; the position of the main Shanghai rubber contract is 62,962 lots, down 3,978 lots; the position of the main 20 - rubber contract is 42,278 lots, down 2,933 lots [2]. - The net position of the top 20 in Shanghai rubber is - 31,480 lots, up 337 lots; the net position of the top 20 in 20 - rubber is - 8,307 lots, up 665 lots [2]. - The warehouse receipts of Shanghai rubber in the exchange are 41,400 tons, unchanged; the warehouse receipts of 20 - rubber in the exchange are 52,113 tons, up 1,411 tons [2]. 3.2 Spot Market - The price of Thai Standard STR20 is 1,835 US dollars/ton, down 10 US dollars; the price of Malaysian Standard SMR20 is 1,825 US dollars/ton, down 10 US dollars [2]. - The price of state - owned whole latex in the Shanghai market is 14,850 yuan/ton, up 50 yuan; the price of Vietnamese 3L in the Shanghai market is 15,200 yuan/ton, down 150 yuan [2]. - The price of Thai RMB mixed rubber is 14,550 yuan/ton, down 130 yuan; the price of Malaysian RMB mixed rubber is 14,500 yuan/ton, down 130 yuan [2]. - The price of Qilu Petrochemical's styrene - butadiene 1502 is 10,800 yuan/ton, unchanged; the price of Qilu Petrochemical's cis - butadiene BR9000 is 10,400 yuan/ton, unchanged [2]. - The basis of Shanghai rubber is - 510 yuan/ton, down 60 yuan; the basis of non - standard products of the main Shanghai rubber contract is - 700 yuan/ton, up 30 yuan [2]. - The price of 20 - rubber in the Qingdao market is 12,949 yuan/ton, down 112 yuan; the basis of the main 20 - rubber contract is 719 yuan/ton, down 172 yuan [2]. 3.3 Upstream Situation - The market reference price of smoked sheets of Thai raw rubber is 60.91 Thai baht/kg, down 0.46 Thai baht; the market reference price of glue of Thai raw rubber is 56 Thai baht/kg, down 1 Thai baht; the market reference price of rubber sheets of Thai raw rubber is 57.15 Thai baht/kg, up 0.85 Thai baht; the market reference price of cup lump of Thai raw rubber is 52.95 Thai baht/kg, up 0.85 Thai baht [2]. - The theoretical production profit of RSS3 is 148.2 US dollars/ton, up 4.6 US dollars; the theoretical production profit of STR20 is - 27 US dollars/ton, up 5.2 US dollars [2]. - The monthly import volume of technically - specified natural rubber is 126,100 tons, up 3,500 tons; the monthly import volume of mixed rubber is 256,400 tons, down 61,100 tons [2]. - The weekly operating rate of all - steel tires is 63.33%, up 1.08 percentage points; the weekly operating rate of semi - steel tires is 69.19%, down 0.86 percentage points [2]. 3.4 Downstream Situation - The inventory days of all - steel tires in Shandong at the end of the week are 39.95 days, down 0.29 days; the inventory days of semi - steel tires in Shandong at the end of the week are 45.23 days, down 0.63 days [2]. - The monthly output of all - steel tires is 12.42 million pieces, down 720,000 pieces; the monthly output of semi - steel tires is 51.68 million pieces, down 8.57 million pieces [2]. - The 20 - day historical volatility of the underlying is 14.05%, up 0.61 percentage points; the 40 - day historical volatility of the underlying is 18.28%, up 0.12 percentage points [2]. 3.5 Option Market - The implied volatility of at - the - money call options is 21.66%, down 0.32 percentage points; the implied volatility of at - the - money put options is 21.66%, down 0.33 percentage points [2]. 3.6 Industry News - In November 2025, China's heavy - truck market sold about 1 million vehicles (wholesale, including exports and new energy), a month - on - month decrease of about 6% compared with October and a year - on - year increase of about 46% compared with 685,000 vehicles in the same period last year. From January to November this year, the cumulative sales of China's heavy - truck market exceeded 1 million vehicles, reaching 1.03 million vehicles, a year - on - year increase of about 26% [2]. - As of November 30, 2025, the total inventory of natural rubber in bonded and general trade in Qingdao was 481,600 tons, a month - on - month increase of 12,700 tons, with an increase rate of 2.71%. The inventory in the bonded area was 72,400 tons, an increase rate of 0.69%; the inventory in general trade was 409,200 tons, an increase rate of 3.07% [2]. - As of November 27, the capacity utilization rate of China's semi - steel tire sample enterprises was 66%, a month - on - month decrease of 3.36 percentage points and a year - on - year decrease of 13.64 percentage points; the capacity utilization rate of all - steel tire sample enterprises was 62.75%, a month - on - month increase of 0.71 percentage points and a year - on - year increase of 2.68 percentage points [2]. - In the first week of the future (November 30 - December 6, 2025), the rainfall in the main natural rubber producing areas in Southeast Asia decreased compared with the previous period. In the northern hemisphere, the red areas were mainly concentrated in northern Vietnam and southern Thailand, and the rainfall in most other areas was low, which had less impact on rubber - tapping; in the southern hemisphere, the red areas were mainly distributed in western Indonesia and western Malaysia, and the rainfall in most other areas was moderate, which also had less impact on rubber - tapping [2].