点击注册小程序 查看完整报告 特别申明： 本订阅号中所涉及的证券研究信息由光大证券研究所编写，仅面向光大证券专业投资者客户，用作新媒体形势下研究 信息和研究观点的沟通交流。非光大证券专业投资者客户，请勿订阅、接收或使用本订阅号中的任何信息。本订阅号 难以设置访问权限，若给您造成不便，敬请谅解。光大证券研究所不会因关注、收到或阅读本订阅号推送内容而视相 关人员为光大证券的客户。 报告摘要 事件： 1）12月美国CPI同比+2.7%，市场预期+2.7%，前值+2.7%；环比+0.3%，预期+0.3%；2）核心CPI同比 +2.6%，市场预期+2.7%，前值+2.6%；环比+0.2%，预期+0.3%。 12月美国核心CPI读数略低于市场预期，环比反弹幅度较为温和。12月美国CPI同比+2.7%，与上月和市场 预期一致，环比增速升至+0.3%，与市场预期一致；核心CPI同比增速降至+2.6%，低于市场预期的 +2.7%，环比增速为+0.2%，也低于市场预期的+0.3%。 因政府停摆导致11月统计数据"失真"，美国通胀数据意外爆冷，市场普遍预期12月数据纠偏会导致通胀环 比出现明显反弹。但从实际数据来看，通胀环比反弹幅 ...

孙长忠(清华大学全球私募股权研究院研究员) 美国劳工部1月13日公布数据显示：2025年12月美国CPI环比增长0.3%，为去年7月以来最小增幅，同比增长2.7%，为去年5月以来最低 值，均持平上月和预期；剔除波动较大的食品和能源类别后的核心CPI环比增长0.2%，同比增长2.6%，持平2025年11月，为2021年3月以来 最低，环比、同比均低于预期。 如果说2025年11月因美国联邦政府关门，数据收集不完整可能导致部分失真，2025年12月则是完全恢复正常的第一个月，数据完整性、真 实性得到了经济学家的认可，说明美国通胀仍在缓慢下降，特别是从2025年9月开始持续至12月，即便剔除数据缺失的10月，也能体现出 下降的总体趋势。 美国2025年12月CPI降温主要来自核心商品价格环比零增长，其中又以核心商品中占比最大的新车(零增长)、二手车和卡车(后二者均有所 下降)这3项为主要因素，说明美国关税传导比预期明显温和，且似乎接近结束。核心服务价格上涨0.3%，与整个核心CPI持平，其中权重 最大的住房成本环比上涨0.4%，为4个月以来最大增幅，同比从前值3.0%升至3.2%，再次验证了住房通胀的黏性。该项在2 ...

2026 年 1 月 14 日 总量研究 通胀担忧缓和，但短期降息必要性不强 ——2025 年 12 月美国 CPI 数据点评 美国通胀温和上涨，为后续降息打开空间— — 2025 年 8 月美国 CPI 数 据 点 评 （2025-09-12） 关税传导可控，降息预期升温——2025 年 7 月美国 CPI 数据点评（2025-08-13） 关税影响逐步显性化——2025 年 6 月美国 CPI 数据点评（2025-07-16） 美国通胀压力何时显现？——2025年5月美 国 CPI 数据点评（2025-06-12） 作者 分析师：赵格格 执业证书编号：S0930521010001 0755-23946159 zhaogege@ebscn.com 分析师：刘星辰 执业证书编号：S0930522030001 021-52523880 liuxc@ebscn.com 相关研报 如何看待"失真"的美国通胀数据？——2025 年 11 月美国 CPI 数据点评（2025-12-19） 美国通胀不及预期，为降息铺平道路—— 2025 年 9 月美国 CPI 数 据 点 评 （2025-10-25） 美国通胀继续回落， ...

Group 1 - The core Consumer Price Index (CPI) for December increased by 0.2% month-on-month and 2.6% year-on-year, both figures below market expectations by 0.1 percentage points, indicating a continued cooling of inflation [1][15][20] - The overall CPI rose by 0.3% month-on-month and 2.7% year-on-year, aligning perfectly with Dow Jones consensus expectations, suggesting that inflation is gradually approaching the Federal Reserve's target of 2% [2][16][20] - Housing prices, a key component of core inflation, increased by 0.4% month-on-month and 3.2% year-on-year, contributing significantly to the overall inflation rise [5][19] Group 2 - Food prices rose by 0.7% month-on-month, although egg prices fell by 8.2% month-on-month and nearly 21% year-on-year, following a previous surge [7][21] - Energy prices increased by 0.3% month-on-month and 2.3% year-on-year, while gasoline prices decreased by 0.5% month-on-month and 3.4% year-on-year [8][22] - The entertainment price index surged by 1.2% month-on-month, marking the largest single-month increase since 1993 [12][26] Group 3 - The report indicates that some categories, particularly goods, are showing signs of deflation, with used car and truck prices down by 1.1% month-on-month and communication prices down by 1.9% [12][26] - Actual wages for American citizens remained flat month-on-month but increased by 1.1% year-on-year, reflecting the impact of the December price increases [13][27]

Inflation Data Summary - In September, the U.S. CPI increased by 3.0% year-on-year, up from 2.9% in the previous month, but below the market expectation of 3.1%[2] - The seasonally adjusted CPI rose by 0.3% month-on-month, down from 0.4% previously and below the expected 0.4%[2] - Core CPI also increased by 3.0% year-on-year, down from 3.1% last month, and the month-on-month increase was 0.2%, down from 0.3%[2] Economic Implications - The mild inflation data reduces the risk of the Federal Reserve making uninformed decisions amid the government shutdown affecting non-farm data releases[3] - The overall inflation increase is tempered by declines in housing, used car, and truck prices, while tariff impacts continue to be felt in categories like appliances and furniture[3] - Market expectations are set for two rate cuts within the year, with probabilities of 96.7% for October and 94.4% for December, indicating a strong belief in easing monetary policy[7] Sector-Specific Insights - Food prices saw a month-on-month increase of only 0.2%, down from 0.5% in the previous month, with notable declines in beef prices[4] - Energy prices increased by 1.5% month-on-month, influenced by rising international oil prices due to geopolitical tensions, although overall price increases remain limited[4] - Core goods prices fell to a month-on-month increase of 0.2%, primarily due to a drop in used car and truck prices, which decreased from 1.0% to -0.4%[5]

Core Insights - The U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) for September increased by 3% year-over-year, which was below the expected 3.1% and higher than the previous month's 2.9% [4][6] - Core CPI rose by 0.2% month-over-month, the slowest growth in three months, and below the market expectation of 0.3% [3][6] - The data reinforces market expectations that the Federal Reserve will continue to lower interest rates within the year, clearing the way for the upcoming rate decision [6][14] Inflation Trends - The overall CPI increase was primarily driven by rising energy costs, with clothing prices rising by 0.7%, likely reflecting higher tariffs [6] - Service sector inflation showed signs of slowing, reaching its weakest level since November 2021, partially offsetting the pressure from rising energy prices [7] - Core inflation indicators are showing clearer signs of cooling, with the core CPI year-over-year growth decreasing from 3.1% in August to 3.0% in September, marking the lowest level since June [9] Specific Data Points - The "SuperCore CPI," which excludes housing from service sector inflation, also saw a slowdown, with a year-over-year growth rate of 3.30%, the lowest since May [9] - Transportation costs experienced a sharp slowdown, further contributing to the overall decline in inflation levels [11] - Goods inflation remained stable at an annual rate of 1.5%, with no significant tariff-driven inflationary pressures observed in the three and six-month annualized data [12] Market Reaction - Following the release of the CPI data, U.S. stock index futures saw a short-term increase, with Nasdaq futures rising nearly 1% [13] - U.S. Treasury yields fell sharply, with the 10-year Treasury yield dropping over 2 basis points to 3.978% [13] - The CPI report provided strong support for the market's expectation of two additional 25 basis point rate cuts by the end of the year [14]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the stability of the U.S. inflation rate in July, with a notable rebound in core inflation, indicating potential implications for monetary policy and market expectations regarding interest rate adjustments [1][6][22]. Inflation Data Summary - In July, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 2.7% year-on-year, consistent with the previous value and slightly below market expectations of 2.8%. The core CPI rose by 3.1%, surpassing the previous value of 2.9% and the expected 3.0% [1][6][9]. - The core goods prices increased by 1.2% year-on-year, up from 0.7% in the previous month, marking the fourth consecutive month of recovery. Various core goods categories, such as furniture (+0.7% month-on-month) and shoes (+1.4% month-on-month), showed price increases, reflecting the impact of tariffs [2][13][14]. - Core services saw a year-on-year increase of 3.6%, remaining stable compared to the previous month, with a month-on-month rise of 0.4%, higher than the previous 0.3% [4][18]. Tariff Impact and Economic Outlook - The article highlights that the impact of tariffs on inflation may have become more evident in July, although the overall inflation rebound has been moderate due to product differentiation. Future impacts remain uncertain, with varying estimates on how quickly tariffs affect consumer prices [3][14][15]. - The Federal Reserve's internal divisions on monetary policy direction are noted, with some members advocating for a cautious approach while others support a shift towards a neutral interest rate stance, indicating differing views on inflation risks and economic slowdown [5][20][21]. Market Reactions - Following the inflation data, market expectations for a rate cut by the Federal Reserve in September increased, with the probability rising to 93.4% from 85.9%. This led to a decline in the U.S. dollar index and a rise in major stock indices, reflecting a favorable environment for emerging market assets [5][22].

Group 1 - The July Consumer Price Index (CPI) in the U.S. rose by 0.2% month-on-month, a slowdown from June's 0.3% increase, aligning with market expectations. Year-on-year, CPI increased by 2.7%, slightly below the expected 2.8% [1][3] - Core CPI, excluding food and energy, rose by 0.3% month-on-month, meeting expectations, but the year-on-year increase reached 3.1%, exceeding the anticipated 3.0% [1][3] - The overall CPI data indicates moderate inflationary pressure, alleviating previous market concerns about tariffs causing a sharp rise in inflation [3][4] Group 2 - Specific categories such as medical services, airline tickets, entertainment, household goods, and used cars saw price increases in July, while hotel accommodations and communication services experienced declines [3] - The largest price increases were observed in fuel oil and transportation costs, while gasoline and household food costs decreased month-on-month. The housing index rose by 0.2%, with both owners' equivalent rent and rent indices increasing by 0.3% [3] - Economists noted that the impact of tariffs on consumer prices takes time to manifest, with some retailers stockpiling inventory to mitigate the effects and maintain stable prices [4] Group 3 - Following the CPI data release, financial markets rapidly increased expectations for a Federal Reserve interest rate cut, with a 95% probability of a rate cut anticipated in the September meeting [4] - Despite a slight rebound in core inflation, it is viewed as insufficient to alter the Federal Reserve's direction towards a loose monetary policy [4]

Inflation Data Summary - The U.S. June 2025 CPI increased by 0.3% month-on-month and 2.7% year-on-year, meeting expectations[3] - The core CPI for June rose by 0.2% month-on-month, slightly below the expected 0.3%, while year-on-year it recorded 2.9%, in line with expectations[3] Key Contributors to Inflation - Energy prices surged, with WTI crude oil averaging an 11% increase month-on-month, contributing to a 0.9% rise in energy CPI[3] - Core goods CPI increased by 0.2% month-on-month, marking the largest rise since February, and a year-on-year increase of 0.6%, the highest since July 2023[3] - Clothing CPI rose by 0.4% month-on-month and showed a year-on-year decline of only 0.5%, indicating a recovery trend[3] Housing and Automotive Prices - Housing services CPI increased by 0.2% month-on-month, lower than the previous value of 0.3%, with a year-on-year increase of 3.8%[3] - New car CPI decreased by 0.4% month-on-month, while used car prices, as indicated by the Manheim Used Vehicle Value Index, rose by 1.6% month-on-month and 6.3% year-on-year, suggesting potential future inflation in automotive prices[3] Market Reactions and Risks - The CPI data prompted a quick rise in the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield and the dollar index, reflecting investor concerns about sustained inflation[3] - The report highlights the uncertainty surrounding U.S. tariff policies and their potential impact on inflation, with risks of higher inflation in Q3 2025[3]

Group 1 - The annual growth rate of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in the U.S. for April was 2.3%, a slight decrease from 2.4% in March, marking the lowest level since February 2021 [1] - Core CPI remained stable at 2.8%, aligning with market expectations, while the month-on-month inflation rate increased by 0.2%, surpassing the previous month's decline of -0.1% [1] - Energy prices fell by 3.7% year-on-year, further widening the decline from March, primarily due to a drop in fuel prices [1][3] Group 2 - The new tariffs have not yet significantly impacted costs in affected industries, with clothing prices decreasing by 0.2% and new car prices remaining stable [3] - Core commodity prices saw a slight increase of 0.1% last month, while service sector inflation continued to ease [3] - The "super core CPI," which excludes housing, dropped to 3.01%, the lowest since December 2021, indicating a potential shift in inflation dynamics [3] Group 3 - Analysts suggest that while tariffs have not led to widespread price increases, this may be a temporary situation, and some cost increases may eventually be passed on to consumers [4] - The lower-than-expected inflation data has provided support for asset prices in financial markets, delaying recession and stagflation risks [4] - Future months' data and developments in trade policy will be crucial in determining the sustainability of current inflation trends [4]