拨云见日，掘金多瑙 —— 欧洲国 别研究专题系列 一 （一、宏观经济与地缘变化） 国泰海通证券政策和产业研究院 国别研究负责人 陈熙淼 国泰海通证券政策和产业研究院 院长助理 汪立亭 全球地缘格局和大国博弈背景下，中欧关系与经贸投资往来同步面临深刻挑战与机遇。本篇报告作 为国别研究之欧洲研究系列专题一，期望从经济、地缘、投资、金融等视角深度剖析和解读，如何 在当下多边主义时代看待欧洲投资机会，并为中国企业赴欧洲出海投资提供更多维度的分析视角。 欧洲经济形势，或已迈过近年低点。 2025 年一季度至今，欧洲地区工业生产活动已从低位逐步回 升，但消费信心仍低迷。 一季度受美国加征关税政策、德法国内政治局势变化、俄乌战争谈判再现 波折等影响，欧盟制造业产能利用率一度触及 2021 年以来的最低点，但进入二季度，包括特朗普关 税政策等在内各项因素缓和，欧洲产能利用率好转， 4 月制造业 PMI 逆势回升。就业方面，欧元区 劳动力市场表现稳定， 4 月失业率维持在 2000 年以来历史低位。通胀方面， 2025 年欧洲通胀率整 体可控，全年通胀有望回归 2% 目标，并为后续欧洲央行降息提供空间。对外贸易方面，一季度欧 ...

Coal Industry - The coal market is showing signs of a turning point, with April production data indicating a decrease in output due to high-cost regions being forced to cut production. National coal production in April was 390 million tons, down 50 million tons from March's 440 million tons, reflecting a widespread decline across most provinces [1] - The decline in production is attributed to rapid price drops and economic pressures on companies, leading to expectations of further production decreases in May. The supply contraction is occurring faster than anticipated, with port prices continuing to decline since late April [1] - For thermal coal, prices are expected to rebound in June, with the current price at 621 RMB/ton, down 3 RMB/ton (-0.5%) from the previous week. Domestic supply remains stable while imports are decreasing, and daily consumption is expected to turn around, potentially restoring balance in supply and demand [2] - Coking coal prices are stable at 1300 RMB/ton at the Jing Tang port, with daily pig iron production at 2.435 million tons, indicating a peak in iron production. The stabilization of thermal coal prices is expected to set a bottom for coking coal prices as well [2][3] - As of May 23, 2025, the price of coking coal at Jing Tang port is 1320 RMB/ton, with a total inventory of 2.94 million tons, down 1.9%. The operating rate of coking enterprises is at 81.62%, showing a slight increase [3] Robotics Industry - The G1 robot has demonstrated strong balance and high motion fluidity in combat competitions, indicating potential for accelerated commercialization due to advancements in motion control models and simulation data training [5] - Despite the G1 robot's impressive performance in specific movements, its action capabilities are still limited to a few specific actions, highlighting the need for improved generalization abilities in robotic motion control [6] - The development of motion control models and enhanced simulation training environments are seen as catalysts for improving the performance and commercial viability of robots [7]

Core Viewpoint - The A-share market is expected to continue its consolidation next week, influenced by technical indicators and upcoming holiday-related risk aversion among investors [1][2]. Market Analysis - The liquidity shock indicator for the CSI 300 index was 1.13 on Friday, lower than the previous week (2.63), indicating current market liquidity is 1.13 times above the average level of the past year [2]. - The put-call ratio for the SSE 50 ETF options decreased to 0.94 from 1.03, suggesting a decline in investor caution regarding the short-term performance of the SSE 50 ETF [2]. - The five-day average turnover rates for the SSE Composite Index and Wind All A were 0.85% and 1.40%, respectively, indicating a decrease in trading activity, positioned at the 58.47% and 68.54% percentiles since 2005 [2]. Macro Factors - The RMB exchange rate fluctuated last week, with onshore and offshore rates increasing by 0.2% and 0.52%, respectively [2]. - Historical data shows that from May 2005 onwards, the probability of the SSE Composite Index, CSI 300, CSI 500, and ChiNext Index rising in the latter half of May was 45%, 45%, 50%, and 47%, with average gains of -0.1%, -0.02%, 0.67%, and 1.71% [2]. Event-Driven Factors - The US stock market experienced a downward trend last week, with the Dow Jones, S&P 500, and Nasdaq indices reporting weekly returns of -2.47%, -2.61%, and -2.47%, respectively [2]. - The People's Bank of China conducted a 500 billion yuan MLF operation on May 23, with a one-year term, resulting in a net injection of 375 billion yuan for May, marking the third consecutive month of increased liquidity [2]. Technical Analysis - The Wind All A index broke below the SAR point on May 23, but the moving average strength index remains above average, indicating no bottoming pattern has emerged [2]. - The current market score based on the moving average strength index is 154, positioned at the 62.5% percentile since 2021 [2]. Performance Overview - For the week of May 19-23, the SSE 50 index fell by 0.18%, the CSI 300 index also decreased by 0.18%, the CSI 500 index dropped by 1.1%, and the ChiNext index declined by 0.88% [3]. - The overall market PE (TTM) stands at 19.0 times, which is at the 50.6% percentile since 2005 [3]. Factor Crowding Observations - The crowding degree for low valuation factors has decreased, with small-cap factor crowding at 0.91, low valuation factor crowding at 0.25, high profitability factor crowding at -0.23, and high profitability growth factor crowding at -0.03 [3]. - Industry crowding is relatively high in machinery equipment, comprehensive, retail, environmental protection, and automotive sectors, while transportation and non-ferrous metals sectors have seen a significant increase in crowding [3].

Market Overview - The overall trading heat in the market has slightly decreased, with a decline in market sentiment and a drop in the average daily trading volume from 12.7 trillion to 11.7 trillion CNY [1] - The average daily number of stocks hitting the daily limit has decreased to 69, with the maximum consecutive limit hits being 5 [1] - The proportion of stocks that rose has dropped to 30%, and the median weekly return for all A-shares has fallen to -1.44% [1] Fund Flows - Financing funds continue to flow in, while ETF funds are experiencing outflows [2] - The new issuance scale of equity funds has increased to 9.5 billion CNY, with existing public fund positions rising by 0.2% [2] - Foreign capital has seen a net outflow of 700 million USD, with the inflow scale of A-shares dropping to a historical percentile of 7.6% [2] - The net inflow of financing has been 2 billion CNY, with the transaction volume proportion rising to 8.2% [2] Industry Allocation - There is a significant divergence in funding between foreign capital and margin financing in the automotive and electric new energy sectors, with financing funds increasing while foreign capital is decreasing [3] - The net inflow in the automotive sector is 2.79 billion CNY, while the computer sector has seen a net outflow of 1.41 billion CNY [3] - In the ETF market, the defense and military industry has seen a net inflow of 1.74 billion CNY, while the medical and electric new energy sectors have experienced outflows of 3.71 billion CNY and 1.75 billion CNY, respectively [3] Hong Kong and Global Fund Flows - Southbound capital inflow has accelerated, with a net inflow of 19 billion CNY, ranking in the 73rd percentile since 2022 [4] - Foreign capital has seen a net outflow of 721 million USD from Hong Kong stocks [4] - Developed markets have generally attracted foreign capital inflows, with the US and France leading in net inflows of 2 billion USD and 760 million USD, respectively [4]

Macro - Japan's ultra-long bond yields have risen significantly due to increased market concerns over bond supply shocks from fiscal expansion influenced by tariffs [1] - Demand for ultra-long bonds from domestic institutions has been weak since 2025, contributing to the supply-demand imbalance [1] - The recent cold reception of Japanese government bond auctions has exacerbated negative market sentiment [1] - Future attention should be paid to upcoming government bond auctions, potential dovish signals from the Bank of Japan, and the results of the July Senate elections [1] Fixed Income - Japan's 20-year government bond auction showed a rapid decline in market demand, reaching a new low since 2012, with the auction tail spread hitting the highest level since 1987 [4] - The yield on Japan's 20-year bonds surged to 2.539%, the highest since 2000, while the 10-year and 30-year yields also reached record highs [4] - Japan's government debt-to-GDP ratio was 219.15% in Q1 2025, the highest among developed economies, with rising interest rates further increasing debt servicing costs [5] - The Bank of Japan's ongoing reduction in bond purchases necessitates finding new buyers for government bonds [5] - Rising inflation and interest rate pressures in Japan make long-term bond yields difficult to decrease [5] - The rapid rise in Japanese bond yields poses risks of fiscal strain, losses for bondholders, and potential spillover effects on global bond markets [6] - The impact of rising yields on China's bond market is expected to be limited due to differing inflation environments and fiscal conditions [6] Non-Ferrous Metals - The lithium and cobalt sectors are experiencing price fluctuations, with lithium prices showing signs of stabilization despite high inventory levels [8] - Lithium carbonate prices have decreased, with a weekly average of 61,600 yuan/ton, down 2.25% from the previous week [9] - Cobalt raw material supply is tightening, but demand remains cautious, leading to a weak overall market [10] - Phosphate iron lithium and ternary material prices have also seen declines, with phosphate iron lithium averaging 30,300 yuan/ton, down 1.16% [11]

Core Insights - The article predicts the adjustment list for major market index constituents as of June 2025, utilizing refined financial loss identification rules and a review mechanism for securities [1][2] - It highlights significant Alpha return characteristics in the sample combinations of stocks added or removed during index adjustments, particularly through liquidity shock factor grouping [1][2] Market Index ETF Scale - As of April 2025, the scale of various ETFs such as SSE 50, STAR 50, CSI 300, CSI 500, CSI 1000, and ChiNext Index are 170.6 billion, 166.4 billion, 1077.3 billion, 144.1 billion, 140.9 billion, and 115.6 billion respectively [1] - The overall scale of these index ETFs has increased nearly fourfold compared to the end of 2021, indicating a growing trend towards index-based investment [1] Index Adjustment Rules and Historical Testing - The article outlines that the CSI and National Index series are adjusted twice a year, with a high prediction accuracy and coverage rate of around 90% for the CSI 300 index adjustments [2] - It emphasizes the significant Alpha return characteristics observed in the sample combinations during the prediction and announcement periods of index adjustments [2] Arbitrage Strategy Research - Since the second half of 2019, single adjustment absolute returns have been 18.36%, with long-short returns at 23.89% and excess returns at 15.10% [2] - Annual adjustment absolute returns reached 40.09%, with long-short returns at 50.84% and excess returns at 33.47% [2]

本 文摘自：2025年5月26日发布的 宏观扰动再起，金属价格震荡运行 于嘉懿 ，资格证书编号： S0880522080001 刘小华 ，资格证书编号： S0880523120003 报告导读： 特朗普全面减税法案的最终落地、以及其关税威胁均存在不确定性，市场情 绪反复之下，金价或呈现震荡。国内宏观利好频出，或将对冲部分海外影响，不过仍需 关注淡季下游需求反馈，工业品价格预计震荡运行。 周期研判： 特朗普全面减税法案，在美众议院预算委员会获得通过，引发市场对于美财政赤字担忧，且特 朗普再度发动对欧盟等关税威胁，市场避险情绪上升，金价上行。然该法案的最终落地、以及特朗普关税 威胁均存在不确定性，市场情绪反复之下，金价或呈现震荡。同时国内宏观方面利好频出，或将对冲部分 海外影响，进入传统淡季，需关注下游对工业金属需求反馈，工业品价格预计震荡运行。 贵金属：市场情绪反复，金价或延续震荡。 5 月 22 日，美国总统特朗普的全面减税法案，在美国众议院 获得通过，引发市场对于美财政赤字的担忧，长期美债遭遇抛售，叠加周五特朗普提出对欧盟、苹果、三 星加征关税，美股下跌、美元指数单周下跌约 2% 。同时，据美国有线电视新闻 ...

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Group 1 - The article discusses various companies across different sectors, highlighting their significance in the market [2][4][5] - It provides a comprehensive list of companies in technology, finance, healthcare, and other industries, indicating their potential for investment opportunities [6][7][8] - The focus is on the growth and innovation within these sectors, showcasing how companies are adapting to market demands [10][11][12] Group 2 - The technology sector is represented by companies like 京东方 and 海康威视, which are noted for their advancements in electronics and software [4][5] - The healthcare industry features companies such as 复宏汉霖 and 微创医疗, emphasizing the ongoing developments in medical technology and pharmaceuticals [49][50] - The article also mentions the renewable energy sector, highlighting companies like 爱旭股份 and 晶科能源, which are contributing to sustainable energy solutions [17][18] Group 3 - The food and beverage industry is covered with companies like 伊利股份 and 泸州老窖, reflecting consumer trends and market growth [19][20] - The automotive sector includes major players like 比亚迪 and 上汽集团, indicating the shift towards electric vehicles and smart transportation [15][16] - The article concludes with insights into the financial technology sector, featuring companies like 易鑫集团 and 中泰证券, which are transforming traditional banking practices [51][52]

本订阅号所载内容仅面向国泰海通证券研究服务签约客户。因本资料暂时无法设置访问限制，根据《证 券期货投资者适当性管理办法》的要求，若您并非国泰海通证券研究服务签约客户，为保证服务质量、 控制投资风险，还请取消关注，请勿订阅、接收或使用本订阅号中的任何信息。我们对由此给您造成的 不便表示诚挚歉意，非常感谢您的理解与配合！如有任何疑问，敬请按照文末联系方式与我们联系。 亦可联系对口销售获取 法律声明 更多国泰海通研究和服务 重要提醒 ...