报告来源 以上内容节选自国泰海通证券已发布的证券研究报告。 报告名称： 社零环比降速，线上稳中有升——2025年8月社零数据点评；报告日期：2025.09.18 报告作 者： 訾猛（分析师），登记编号：S0880513120002 颜慧菁（分析师），登记编号：S0880525040022 庞瑜泽（分析师），登记编号：S0880524010003 报告导读： 8 月社零环比降速，分类型消费数据呈现分化，乡村、餐服环比提速，而城 镇、商品环比降速，另外网上实物累计零售额增长环比提速、线上渗透率稳中有升。 2025 年 8 月社零总额、限额以上社零均环比降速。 国家统计局发布 2025 年 8 月社零数据：单月社零总额同比 +3.4%/ 环比 -0.3pct ，剔除汽车后同比 +3.7%/ 环比 -0.6pct ，限额以上同比 +2.4%/ 环比 -0.4pct ； 2025 年 1-8 月，累计社零总额同比 +4.6%/ 环比 -0.2pct ，剔除汽车后同比 +5.1%/ 环比 -0.2pct ，限额以上同比 +5.2%/ 环比 -0.4pct 。 分地区、分类型消费数据分化，乡村、餐饮服务环比提速。 1 ）分 ...

国泰海通证券 | 研究所 余文心 重要提醒 年药行业国别竞争力研究:从中 推 荐 阅 读 上线了！国泰海通2025研究框架培训视频版｜洞察价值，共创未来 报告来源 观点来自国泰海通证券已发布的研究报告。 报告名称：医药行业国别竞争力研究：从中、美、欧、 日、印财报看2025年中国医药供需及投资机会；报告日期：20241122；报告作者：余文心 S0880525040111 风险提示：医疗器械国内招标时间不确定、放量不及预期的风险；创新药谈判价格 降价较多的风险；并购整合不及预期的风险。 研究所副所长、科技组长、生物医药首席分析师 行业核心洞察 大药的诞生,才是医药 的未来 价值主张 立足中国,做全球视野的 有历史观的研究 本订阅号所载内容仅面向国泰海通证券研究服务签约客户。因本资料暂时无法设置访问限制，根据《证 券期货投资者适当性管理办法》的要求，若您并非国泰海通证券研究服务签约客户，为保证服务质量、 控制投资风险，还请取消关注，请勿订阅、接收或使用本订阅号中的任何信息。我们对由此给您造成的 ...

推 荐 阅 读 上线了！国泰海通2025研究框架培训视频版｜洞察价值，共创未来 国泰海通证券 | 研究所 刘一鸣 汽车首席分析师 行业核心洞察 外延潜力无限的 汽车工业 价值主张 独立见解始于产业亲历, 深度洞察源自环球采风 年度代表作: 《德昌电机控股首次覆盖:全球化电机 本订阅号所载内容仅面向国泰海通证券研究服务签约客户。因本资料暂时无法设置访问限制，根据《证 券期货投资者适当性管理办法》的要求，若您并非国泰海通证券研究服务签约客户，为保证服务质量、 控制投资风险 还请取消关注 请勿订阅 接收或使用本订阅号中的任何信息 我们对由此给您造成的 报告来源 观点来自国泰海通证券已发布的研究报告。报告名称：聚焦机器人液冷--汽车系统工程能力的全面输出 ；报告日期：20250822；报告作者：刘一鸣 S0880525040050；风险提示：原材料价格大幅上涨， 经济增长不及预期。 重要提醒 ...

Core Viewpoint - The communication industry is experiencing steady revenue growth and accelerated profitability in H1 2025, with a total revenue of 1785.003 billion yuan (up 10.07% year-on-year) and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 160.432 billion yuan (up 11.26% year-on-year) [1][2] Revenue and Profit Analysis - In H1 2025, the communication industry achieved a total revenue of 1785.003 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 10.07%. The net profit attributable to shareholders reached 160.432 billion yuan, reflecting an increase of 11.26%. The net profit after deducting non-recurring items was 149.023 billion yuan, up 13.04% year-on-year [1] - In Q2 2025, the industry reported a revenue of 942.483 billion yuan, marking a year-on-year increase of 10.91%. The net profit attributable to shareholders was 98.682 billion yuan, up 12.33%, while the net profit after deducting non-recurring items was 91.262 billion yuan, reflecting a growth of 12.94% [1] Sector Performance - In H1 2025, the top-performing sectors in terms of revenue growth included optical modules, communication PCBs, network equipment manufacturers, IoT modules, and RF components related to base station equipment. The sectors with the highest net profit growth were also led by optical modules, communication PCBs, network security and visualization analysis, IoT modules, and network equipment manufacturers [2] - The industry is currently underweight, with capital expenditures on computing power maintaining high growth. The domestic market is accelerating in line with global AI development, indicating significant upward potential for holdings in the communication sector [2] Future Outlook - The AI computing power industry chain is expected to continue its rapid development in 2025, driven by ongoing advancements in GPU capabilities and increased investments from major cloud computing companies in North America. This trend is anticipated to benefit companies closely linked to the overseas AI industry chain, leading to impressive performance [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has lowered the benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to a range of 4.00%-4.25% as a risk management measure to address economic slowdown and cooling labor market, while also aiming to guide inflation back to target [1] Group 1: Economic Indicators - The U.S. GDP growth for the first half of the year was 1.5%, which is below expectations, indicating pressures from slowing consumer growth, recovering business investment, and a sluggish real estate market [1] - The unemployment rate has risen to 4.3%, with new job additions falling to a three-month average of 29,000, highlighting a dual decline in labor market supply and demand, with a faster contraction in supply [1] - Core PCE inflation remains above target at 2.9% year-on-year, despite a decline from previous highs, complicating the inflation outlook due to a rebound in commodity prices and increasing divergence in service sector inflation [1] Group 2: Interest Rate Dynamics - Short-term Treasury yields (1 year and below) fell sharply after the announcement, with 3-month and 1-year yields closing at 3.97% and 3.62% respectively, reflecting strong market expectations for further Fed easing [2] - The 2-year and 5-year yields also declined but to a lesser extent, consistent with historical patterns where short-term rates react more quickly to rate cuts [2] - Long-term Treasury yields (10 years and above) exhibited complex movements post-rate cut, initially declining but then rebounding, with 20-year and 30-year yields closing at 4.65% and 4.68% respectively, indicating a "short drop, long stability/rise" phenomenon [2] Group 3: Historical Context - Historically, short-term capital gains are significant but limited in the early stages of rate cuts, while long-term yields tend to show considerable gains due to duration advantages, influenced by actual interest rate expectations, term premiums, and global liquidity [3] - Short-term rates (1-3 years) are highly sensitive to changes in the federal funds rate, often reacting ahead of formal rate cuts, while long-term rates are more influenced by economic outlook and inflation expectations [3] - The overall behavior of the yield curve during rate cut cycles is dynamic, with short-term rates responding quickly and long-term rates exhibiting more complex fluctuations, emphasizing the importance of Fed communication on long-term rate trends [3]

Core Insights - The report emphasizes the positive outlook for both the new economy and the livestock cycle, indicating a favorable economic environment for these sectors [6]. Industry Analysis - The report titled "New Economy and Livestock Cycle, Mid-Year Prosperity is Good" highlights the resilience and growth potential in the agricultural sector, particularly in new consumption trends related to pets and the livestock industry [6]. - The analysis suggests that the current economic conditions are conducive to growth, with a focus on identifying opportunities within the pet consumption market and the post-cycle of livestock farming [3][6]. Research Contributions - The authors, Wang Yanjun and Lin Yidan, have contributed to the understanding of the agricultural sector through their annual report, which aims to uncover the prosperity within the industry [3][6].

年度代表作 《现货申价或见底、估值+业绩双提升》 Alily 国泰海通证券 | 研究所 吴杰 公共事业首席分析师 行业核心洞察 电价供需决定,2026 年北方止跌,南方震荡 价值主张 开创性:创建电力供需模型,预测电价,实证 有效,个人周期研究十七年,观点持续性强, 擅长把握拐点机会 重要提醒 本订阅号所载内容仅面向国泰海通证券研究服务签约客户。因本资料暂时无法设置访问限制，根据《证 券期货投资者适当性管理办法》的要求 若您并非国泰海通证券研究服务签约客户 为保证服务质量 推 荐 阅 读 上线了！国泰海通2025研究框架培训视频版｜洞察价值，共创未来 报告来源 观点来自国泰海通证券已发布的研究报告。 报告名称：电力市场化改革全景图——寻找系统成本最优 解；报告日期：20240710；报告作者：吴杰S0880525040109；风险提示：用电量增速的不确定性。 经济增速预期和货币政策导致市场风格波动较大。新能源和储能等技术进步、成本下降不及预期。电力 市场化方向确定，但推进节奏难以确定。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The fiscal data for August 2025 indicates a slowdown in both revenue and expenditure growth, reflecting a need to boost domestic demand. Attention should be paid to the release of "quasi-fiscal" functions following the implementation of policy financial tools and the early allocation of new special bond quotas [1][3]. Revenue Summary - In the first eight months of 2025, national general public budget revenue grew by 0.3% year-on-year, with August's growth at 2%, down from 2.6% in July. The narrowing decline in PPI has alleviated the drag on tax revenue, while the income from securities transaction stamp duty has provided notable support. The internal growth momentum of the economy still needs enhancement, and macro policies require further strengthening [1]. - Corporate income tax revenue saw a significant rebound, primarily due to a low base from the previous year. Personal income tax and consumption tax revenue growth slowed, although personal income tax still performed well, while consumption tax remained at a low level. The high growth in securities transaction stamp duty revenue is linked to recent stock market activity. Additionally, vehicle purchase tax and land value-added tax revenues showed significant declines, while export tax rebate revenue growth rebounded, indicating a need to boost domestic demand [1]. Expenditure Summary - In the first eight months of 2025, national general public budget expenditure increased by 3.1% year-on-year, with August's growth at 0.8%, down from 3% in July, likely constrained by revenue. Expenditure in the livelihood sector continued to grow significantly, while infrastructure spending remained low. Social security, employment, and education expenditures maintained high growth rates, while spending on energy conservation, environmental protection, and transportation saw a substantial rebound, mainly due to a low base from the previous year. Expenditures in urban and rural communities, as well as agriculture, forestry, and water resources, experienced a widening decline [2]. Government Fund Summary - In the first eight months of 2025, national government fund budget revenue decreased by 1.4%, with August's growth at -5.7%, down from 8.9% in July. This decline is attributed to the pressure on the land market due to adjustments in the real estate market. Conversely, government fund budget expenditure grew by 30.0% year-on-year, driven by accelerated issuance and utilization of bond funds by various levels of government. In August, government fund budget expenditure increased by 19.8%, down from 42.4% in July, but still showed strong performance [2]. Policy Focus - Moving forward, it is essential for fiscal policy to continue to strengthen. The implementation of policy financial tools is expected to release "quasi-fiscal" functions, which may support the expansion of domestic demand. Additionally, the Ministry of Finance has indicated the early allocation of part of the new local government debt limit for 2026, aiming to utilize debt capacity proactively and address existing hidden debt [3].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes that the combination of anti-involution and a rate-cutting cycle is expected to enhance the industry's prosperity [4][7] - The report suggests a proactive approach to grasp the turning point of the industry cycle, advocating for anti-involution and focusing on related investment opportunities [4][7] Group 2 - The report is authored by Zhu Junjun, the co-chief analyst of the petrochemical sector, and was published on August 1, 2025 [7] - The report highlights the importance of monitoring potential investment opportunities in the petrochemical industry as it actively promotes anti-involution [7]

美东时间 2025 年 9 月 17 日，美联储发布议息会议声明和经济预测表格（ SEP ），随后鲍威尔例行召开新闻发布会， 我们认为主要有五处边际变化： 一 是美联储年内开启降息，如期降息 25BP ，同时美联储内部展现相对团结局面。二是美联储对就业下行的风险更为关注，但是预测经济软着陆，考虑当前的 利率路径，对经济边际更加乐观。三是美联储预测通胀仍有上行风险，但是关税对通胀的影响路径不确定，短期内对通胀关心程度下降。四是在利率路径上， 2025 年内降息幅度预期抬升，但是预防式降息基调下，中长期降息预期仍旧缓慢。五是美联储需要在就业和通胀之间继续平衡，未来存在双向风险，利率路 径的变动仍需根据数据决策，鲍威尔重申美联储独立性。 总体来看，本次议息会议降息 25BP 基本符合预期，更重要的是，其意味着新一轮降息周期的开 启，美联储判断短期就业风险大于通胀风险，年内降息幅度预期抬升，但预防式降息基调下，长期降息节奏仍旧偏缓。 报告导读： 2025 年 9 月美联储议息会议降息 25BP 基本符合预期，新一轮预防式降息 周期正式开启，预计年内仍有两次降息，但长期降息节奏仍旧偏缓。预计预防式降息周期 下，后续美债 ...