Group 1: Monetary Policy and Market Conditions - The central bank maintained a loose liquidity stance, with net injections of 417 billion and 2,685 billion yuan on consecutive days, indicating ongoing monetary support [1][3] - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) continued large-scale net injections, but the funding environment showed signs of marginal tightening due to tax periods, with a net withdrawal of 1,950 billion yuan on September 18 [1] - The U.S. Federal Reserve cut interest rates by 25 basis points, marking its first rate cut in nine months, reflecting rising downside risks in the labor market [2] Group 2: Economic Indicators and Investment Outlook - August economic data in China fell short of expectations, particularly in infrastructure investment, which saw an expanded year-on-year decline, highlighting persistent issues with domestic demand [3] - The ongoing weakness in the real estate market and insufficient domestic demand suggest that macroeconomic policies may continue to be accommodative, with potential increases in monetary easing [3] - The domestic bond market remains favorable, with expectations of declining bond yields, presenting better entry opportunities for investors [3] Group 3: Investment Products and Features - The Guokai ETF (159650) focuses on interbank market bonds, characterized by high credit ratings, large volumes, and good liquidity, making it a viable investment option [3] - The product features include good liquidity, low credit risk, and reasonable risk-return ratios, suitable for short-duration allocations [3]

Report Industry Investment Rating - The industry rating is not explicitly mentioned in the report regarding the bond market. However, the general tone seems to suggest a cautious view on the bond market, with potential risks and adjustments ahead [27]. Core View of the Report - The bond market has been weakening recently with a divergence in bond varieties. Both bulls and bears in the bond market are currently confused. The report presents multiple reasons for both bullish and bearish outlooks on the bond market and concludes that the risk in the bond market has not been eliminated, with potential for further adjustments within the year [2][6]. Summary by Related Catalogs Bullish Reasons - **Bond Supply Mismatch in Q4**: This year, the fiscal bond issuance has been front - loaded, with the remaining quotas for national and local bonds in Q4 at 21.5% and 22.1% respectively, lower than last year's 26.3% and 30.5%. Q4 is also the insurance "opening - up" period, leading to increased allocation demand from insurance companies [7]. - **Favorable Economic Data**: The corporate loans in the social financing data have weakened for two consecutive months, and the economic data in August was generally weak. The production slowed down, with the industrial added - value growth rate in August at 5.2%, down 0.5pct from the previous month. The fixed - asset investment also slowed down. Weak economic data is beneficial for the bond market [8]. - **Monetary Policy and Treasury Bond Transactions**: With a weakening economy, weak social financing and credit, and the Fed's rate cut, there is an increased probability of rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio cuts in Q4. The adjustment of the 14 - day reverse repurchase operation by the central bank implies a potential rate cut. The discussion on government bond issuance management and central bank's treasury bond transactions also provides room for speculation [12]. Bearish Reasons - **Nominal GDP and Re - inflation**: The "anti - involution" policy has a positive impact on inflation. PPI has shown signs of bottoming out. Nominal GDP may rise due to the narrowing of the GDP deflator, which could be unfavorable for bond yields. Expectations of inflation are also increasing [16]. - **Mutual Fund Redemption Chain Reaction**: Due to weakening profitability and the potential redemption fee, mutual bond funds may face scale shrinkage, which could lead to liquidity and valuation spread pressures on certain bond varieties favored by mutual funds [20]. - **Weak Monetary Policy Coordination**: The monetary policy has not adjusted policy rates. To cooperate with the "anti - involution" policy, interest rates may not be further reduced. The desired growth rate of loans may decline, and the current interest rate level may be appropriate [23]. - **Sustained Breakthrough in the Equity Market**: The equity market has shifted from a situation of "no fundamental support" to "having performance support from specific sectors". This may lead to a long - term trend of capital flowing from the bond market to the equity market [24]. Outlook for Monday - Two news events, a news conference on the "14th Five - Year Plan" and a positive phone call between the Chinese and US presidents, may boost risk appetite. The bond and equity markets are likely to have a "risk - on" trading pattern. The risk in the bond market has not been eliminated, and there is still room for adjustment within the year [27].

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - In the second half of 2025, the economic growth rate may not decline significantly as it has entered the horizontal part of the second L - shaped curve [6]. - Structural issues such as prices are expected to improve trend - wise [6]. - There will be a continuous switch in stock - bond allocation: bond yields and the stock market are expected to rise continuously [6]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs General Public Budget - **Income**: From January to August 2025, the national general public budget income increased by 0.3% year - on - year (previous value: 0.1%). In August, the general public budget income increased by 2.0% year - on - year (2.6% in July). Tax revenue increased by 3.4% year - on - year (5.0% in July), with the securities trading stamp duty income surging by 226% year - on - year (125.4% in July), and corporate income tax increasing by 33.4% year - on - year (6.4% in July). Non - tax revenue decreased by 3.8% year - on - year (- 12.9% in July) [2]. - **Expenditure**: From January to August 2025, the national general public budget expenditure increased by 3.1% year - on - year (3.4% in the previous period). In August, the general public budget expenditure increased by 0.8% year - on - year (3.0% in July). Infrastructure expenditure items such as urban and rural community affairs decreased by 16.8% year - on - year (2.9% in July), and agriculture, forestry and water affairs decreased by 22.9% year - on - year (- 6.9% in July) [2][3]. Governmental Fund Budget - **Income**: From January to August 2025, the national governmental fund budget income decreased by 1.4% year - on - year (- 0.7% in the previous period). In August, the governmental fund income decreased by 5.7% year - on - year (8.9% in July), mainly due to the negative year - on - year growth of land transfer income. The real estate market is still in the process of bottom - seeking, and the land market is under pressure [4]. - **Expenditure**: From January to August 2025, the national governmental fund budget expenditure increased by 30% year - on - year (31.7% in the previous period). In August, the governmental fund expenditure increased by 19.8% year - on - year (42.4% in July). Driven by special bonds and special treasury bonds, it still maintained relatively high - speed growth [4]. Market On September 17, the bond market showed a narrow - range oscillation in the morning session as the market speculated on the issuance of special treasury bonds. After the issuance of 25 Te Guo 04 exceeded expectations with a winning bid rate of 2.1616%, the long - end yield declined. In the afternoon, the market's expectation of the central bank's restart of treasury bond trading fermented, pushing the long - end yield to continue to decline [5].

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Ratings No relevant content provided. Group 2: Report Core Views - For coking coal, the market is in a stalemate between bulls and bears, and the upward momentum depends on "anti - involution" drivers. The coking coal main contract is expected to maintain range - bound trading in the short term [1]. - For crude oil, the supply pressure remains, and it is advisable to sell at high prices as the concerns about the US economy outweigh the positive impact of the Fed's interest - rate cut, the peak demand season is ending, and the US dollar index rebounds [2]. - For iron ore, the short - term price is expected to fluctuate strongly as the global iron ore shipment volume rebounds, the arrival volume fluctuates slightly, the molten iron output fluctuates narrowly at a high level, and the port inventory is expected to increase [4]. - For rebar, the steel price may fluctuate narrowly in the short term as the "Golden September" steel demand recovers slowly, the high - priced resource transactions are poor, the supply - demand fundamentals improve limitedly, and the market sentiment turns cautious [4]. - For live pigs, the price is expected to fluctuate and adjust at a low level in the short term as the supply exceeds demand, but some regions have stopped falling and stabilized [5]. - For palm oil, it may trade in a range in the short term, and it is recommended to wait and see as the domestic supply is loose, but the cost side provides strong support [5]. - For rapeseed meal, the price is expected to continue to fluctuate downward in the short term as the feed demand decreases significantly and the actual new order volume of spot goods is poor [6]. - For rubber, it should be treated with a range - bound view as it is in a situation of low inventory and weak demand, with high overseas raw material prices, continuous destocking of spot inventory, and weakening consumption [7]. - For PTA, the spot market may decline under pressure in the short term, and it is advisable to sell at high prices in the short - term as the terminal performance is mediocre in the traditional peak season, the demand support is insufficient, and the cost side is under pressure [7]. - For methanol, the 01 contract is expected to fluctuate weakly in the short term, and it is recommended to wait and see as the domestic methanol start - up rate drops from a high level, the downstream demand recovers, and the port inventory continues to accumulate [8]. - For silver, it is expected to fluctuate downward in the medium term and upward in the long term, and the impact of gold's fluctuations on silver should be noted as the initial jobless claims decline shows economic resilience, but the economic downward pressure is still large [9]. - For gold, it is bearish in the short term, and the medium - and long - term trends need further observation as the Fed's interest - rate cut is implemented, and the Fed's independence is controversial [9]. - For medium - and long - term treasury bonds, they may fluctuate in the short term as the issuance of ultra - long - term treasury bonds increases the bond supply, and the Fed's interest - rate cut may have limited positive effects on the bond market [10]. - For soda ash, the 01 contract is expected to trade in a range in the short term, and it is recommended to wait and see or buy on dips as the domestic soda ash market stabilizes, the manufacturer's inventory decreases from a high level, and the downstream demand is stable [12]. - For plastics, the L2601 contract is expected to trade in a range in the short term, and it is recommended to wait and see or buy on dips as the LLDPE price is stable, the production enterprise inventory decreases, the supply side starts at a high level, and the downstream start - up rate is expected to rise [13]. Group 3: Summaries by Commodity Coking Coal - Mysteel statistics show that the utilization rate of the approved production capacity of 523 coking coal mines is 84.7%, a 1.9% month - on - month increase. The daily average output of raw coal is 190,000 tons, a 44,000 - ton increase; the raw coal inventory is 4.7 million tons, a 32,000 - ton decrease. The daily average output of clean coal is 76,100 tons, a 33,000 - ton increase; the clean coal inventory is 2.328 million tons, a 217,000 - ton decrease [1]. Crude Oil - As of July 2025, the OECD commercial inventory is 2.761 billion barrels, a 2.4 - million - barrel increase from the previous month. Compared with the same period last year, it is 66.5 million barrels less, 128.5 million barrels less than the average of the past five years, and 208.6 million barrels less than the average from 2015 - 2019. The freight rate of large oil tankers soared to the highest level in more than two years on September 18, and the freight rate index (TD3C) of the key route from the Middle East to China reached W108, a nearly 150% increase from the beginning of the year [2]. Iron Ore - From September 8 - 14, the total arrival volume of iron ore at 47 ports in China is 2.3923 million tons, a 180,600 - ton decrease; at 45 ports, it is 2.3623 million tons, an 85,700 - ton decrease; at six northern ports, it is 1.245 million tons, a 75,000 - ton decrease [4]. Rebar - As of the week ending September 18, the rebar output is 206,450 tons, a 54,800 - ton decrease from last week, a 2.59% decline; the factory inventory is 165,070 tons, a 15,600 - ton decrease, a 0.94% decline; the social inventory is 485,210 tons, a 20,200 - ton decrease, a 0.41% decline; the apparent demand is 210,030 tons, an 119,600 - ton increase, a 6.04% increase [4]. Live Pigs - On September 18, the "Agricultural Product Wholesale Price 200 Index" is 117.90, the "Vegetable Basket" product wholesale price index is 118.67. The average pork price in the national agricultural product wholesale market is 19.55 yuan/kg, a 0.9% decrease from the previous day; the egg price is 8.40 yuan/kg, a 1.6% increase [5]. Palm Oil - In August, China's palm oil imports are 340,000 tons, a 16.5% year - on - year increase. From January to August, the imports are 1.59 million tons, a 13.8% year - on - year decrease. In August, China's soybean oil imports are 100,000 tons, a 113.9% year - on - year increase. From January to August, the imports are 19 tons, an 8.6% year - on - year decrease [5]. Rapeseed Meal - In August, China's imports of rapeseed oil and mustard oil are 140,000 tons, an 18.7% year - on - year increase. From January to August, the imports are 1.45 million tons, a 24.1% year - on - year increase. From January to July 2025, China's imports of Canadian rapeseed are 1.9756 million tons, accounting for 94.8% of the total rapeseed imports [6]. Rubber - The price of Thai raw material glue is 56.2 Thai baht/kg, and the cup - lump price is 51.65 Thai baht/kg. The price of Hainan glue for whole - milk production is 14,500 yuan/ton, and for concentrated latex production is 16,300 yuan/ton. In the first eight months of 2025, China's rubber tire exports reach 650,000 tons, a 5.1% year - on - year increase. In August 2025, China's rubber tire production is 102.954 million pieces, a 1.5% year - on - year increase. From January to August, the production is 795.467 million pieces, a 1.6% year - on - year increase [6][7]. PTA - The PTA social inventory is 3.3091 million tons, a 24,200 - ton decrease from the previous statistical period. The PTA capacity utilization rate is 77.29%, and the polyester comprehensive capacity utilization rate is around 88.0% [7]. Methanol - The market price of methanol in Jiangsu Taicang is 2,247 yuan/ton, a 35 - yuan/ton decrease. The domestic weekly methanol capacity utilization rate is 79.91%, a 4.68% decrease. The 1.8 - million - ton/year methanol plant of Shenhua Xinjiang is expected to end maintenance this week. The total downstream capacity utilization rate is 71.87%, a 2.2% weekly increase. The sample inventory of Chinese methanol ports is 1.5578 million tons, a 7,500 - ton weekly increase. The sample production enterprise inventory is 340,500 tons, a 2,100 - ton weekly decrease. The sample enterprise orders to be delivered are 233,800 tons, a 16,900 - ton weekly decrease [8]. Silver - The number of initial jobless claims in the US last week dropped to 231,000, the largest decline in nearly four years, with an expected 240,000 and a previous value revised from 263,000 to 264,000. The number of continuous unemployment benefit claimants remains above the key level of 1.9 million, indicating some pressure in the labor market [9]. Gold - On the 18th local time, the US government requested the US Supreme Court to allow President Trump to dismiss Fed Governor Lisa Cook. The Federal Housing Finance Agency Director Bill Pulte publicly accused Cook in August of declaring two properties as her "primary residence" to obtain more favorable mortgage rates and submitted relevant criminal charges to the Department of Justice [9]. Medium - and Long - Term Treasury Bonds - The second re - issuance of China's ultra - long - term special treasury bonds (Phase 4) in 2025 has completed the tendering process. After the issuance, the overall issuance scale of ultra - long - term special treasury bonds this year has reached 1.148 trillion yuan, with an issuance progress of 88.3% [10]. Soda Ash - The national mainstream price of heavy - duty soda ash is 1,288 yuan/ton, and the price has been relatively stable recently. The weekly soda ash output is 745,700 tons, a 2.02% month - on - month decrease; the total inventory of soda ash manufacturers is 1.7556 million tons, a 2.33% weekly decrease. The float glass start - up rate is 76.01%, unchanged from the previous week. The national average float glass price is 1,166 yuan/ton, a 2 - yuan/ton increase from the previous day. The total inventory of the national float glass sample enterprises is 60.908 million weight boxes, a 1.1% month - on - month decrease [11][12]. Plastics - The mainstream price of North China LLDPE is 7,296 yuan/ton, an 8 - yuan/ton decrease from the previous day. The weekly LLDPE output is 295,800 tons, a 3.21% weekly increase; the production enterprise inventory is 161,200 tons, a 0.86% weekly decrease. The daily production profit of oil - based LLDPE is - 334 yuan/ton. The average start - up rate of China's polyethylene downstream products increases by 1.6% weekly, among which the overall start - up rate of agricultural films increases by 2.6% and that of PE packaging films increases by 0.5% [13].

Group 1: Open Market Operations - The central bank announced a 7-day reverse repurchase operation on September 17, with a fixed rate and quantity tendering of 418.5 billion yuan at an interest rate of 1.40%, with the same amount being the winning bid [1] - On the same day, 304 billion yuan of reverse repos matured, resulting in a net injection of 114.5 billion yuan [1] Group 2: Funding Conditions - The funding conditions remain tight due to ongoing tax payment impacts, with the overnight repo weighted average rate for deposit institutions rising over 4 basis points to around 1.48% [3] - Overnight funding quotes in the anonymous click (X-repo) system approached 1.6%, indicating scarce supply [3] - The latest overnight financing rate in the U.S. is reported at 4.51% [3] Group 3: Interbank Certificates of Deposit - The latest transaction rate for one-year interbank certificates of deposit among major banks is around 1.68%, showing a slight decrease from the previous day [7] Group 4: Bond Market Overview - Major interest rate bonds in the interbank market have generally seen a decline in yields [9] - The closing prices for government bond futures showed collective increases, with the 30-year main contract rising by 0.31%, the 10-year by 0.13%, the 5-year by 0.10%, and the 2-year by 0.04% [13] Group 5: Fiscal Revenue and Debt Issuance - From January to August, the national general public budget revenue reached 1,481.98 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.3%, with stamp duty revenue at 28.44 billion yuan, up 27.4% [13] - The central bank is actively supporting qualified financial institutions in issuing financial bonds and asset-backed securities to enhance funding sources and improve consumer credit supply capabilities [13] Group 6: Bond Market Events - The Ministry of Finance plans to issue 60 billion yuan of 182-day discount treasury bonds on September 24 [18] - The China Development Bank will issue up to 25 billion yuan of fixed-rate bonds on September 18 [18] - Tencent is set to issue bonds for the first time in four years, raising approximately 9 billion yuan [18]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In the bond market, despite the high probability of continued weakening of economic data, there is still significant adjustment pressure. If the 10Y Treasury bond rate further breaks through to 1.8%, the allocation portfolio gradually becomes cost - effective. If the central bank does not introduce incremental tools such as reserve requirement ratio cuts or restart bond purchases in September, the pressure on the capital side may continue to affect market sentiment. Currently, the dumbbell strategy to maintain portfolio liquidity and returns may be the best strategy [5]. - Looking at the second half of the year, since the third quarter may be the starting point of a "bond bull market", it is advisable to appropriately relax the restrictions on portfolio duration. Among the varieties, the 30 - year bond, which has shown weak performance recently, may have high cost - effectiveness [46]. Summary According to the Table of Contents Bond Market Performance Review - In the interest - rate bond market, due to the convergence of capital and the "stock - bond seesaw" effect, the yields of government bonds with different maturities continued to rise this week. The yields of 10 - year and 30 - year government bonds rose by 2.2 and 5.2 bps to 1.79% and 2.09% respectively, and the yield of 1 - year government bonds rose by 1 bp to 1.4% [2][11]. - In the interest/credit market, for interest - rate bonds, the adjustment range of yields within 7 years was generally small, while the yields of 10 - year and 30 - year government bonds rose significantly by 4 bp and 7 bp to 1.87% and 2.18% respectively due to fund selling. For credit bonds, the short - end performed better than the long - end, and general credit bonds performed better than secondary perpetual bonds. The yields of 1 - year, 3 - year, and 5 - year bonds on the AA+ implicit urban investment bond curve rose by 2 bp, 7 bp, and 6 bp respectively; the yields of 1 - year, 3 - year, and 5 - year bonds on the AAA - secondary capital bond curve rose by 6 bp, 10 bp, and 10 bp respectively. Currently, the yields of 5 - year credit bonds have generally returned to around 2.15% or higher [14]. Bond Market Primary Issuance Situation - Local government bonds: This week, 93.4 billion yuan was issued, with a net issuance of - 3 billion yuan, including 0 billion yuan of new general bonds, 17.8 billion yuan of new special bonds (including 16.2 billion yuan of special special bonds), 75.6 billion yuan of ordinary refinancing bonds, and 0 billion yuan of special refinancing bonds [19]. - Government bonds: This week, 349.1 billion yuan was issued, with a net issuance of 289 billion yuan, including 82 billion yuan of special government bonds [19]. - Policy - financial bonds: This week, 120.5 billion yuan was issued, with a net issuance of 80.5 billion yuan [19]. Funding Market Conditions - Overnight and 7 - day funding rates continued to rise at the beginning of the week. Due to the continuous absence of incremental funds, the funding cost rose continuously, and the overnight rate rose above the OMO. R001 rose 9 bp to 1.46% compared with the previous Friday, and R007 rose 3 bp to 1.49%. Until Wednesday, the central bank started incremental investment, and the rise of funding rates gradually stopped. R001 and R007 reached weekly highs of 1.46% and 1.50% respectively. In the following two days, the central bank maintained excess investment, and the funding rates began to decline gradually. R001 closed at 1.40%, and R007 also declined to 1.47% [25]. - This week, the overnight and 1 - week Shibor rates closed at 1.32% and 1.45%, changing by - 5 and + 3.8 bps respectively compared with last week; the overnight and 1 - week CNH Hibor rates closed at 1.1% and 1.28%, changing by - 43.1 and - 36.2 bps respectively compared with last week [25]. - The yields of most inter - bank certificates of deposit rose. Although the maturity pressure of certificates of deposit increased this week, banks did not significantly increase the issuance price, and the secondary yields were in a sideways state. The changes in the issuance rates of 3 - month, 6 - month, and 1 - year certificates of deposit were within 1 bp. In terms of issuance maturity, the weighted issuance maturity extended to 6.1 months, compared with 6.0 months in the previous week. Despite the convergence of the capital side, the trading volume of inter - bank pledged repos still rebounded, with the average trading volume rising from 7.31 trillion yuan in the previous week to 7.49 trillion yuan [28]. China's Bond Market Macroeconomic Environment Tracking and Outlook Fundamental Outlook - In August, the year - on - year CPI was - 0.4%, and the month - on - month was 0%. The core CPI year - on - year was 0.9%, and the month - on - month was 0%. Most sub - items improved. The non - food part of CPI was weaker than that in July; the food CPI month - on - month was 0.5% (previous value - 0.2%), and the non - food month - on - month was - 0.1% (previous value 0.5%) [37]. - In August, the year - on - year PPI was - 3.6% (previous value - 2.9%), and the month - on - month was 0%. However, with policy support, the subsequent decline may narrow. From the perspective of sub - items, the prices of production materials continued to decline, and the decline in emerging industries narrowed. The upstream prices stabilized significantly, with the mining and raw materials sectors turning positive month - on - month, and the processing industry returning to zero growth month - on - month. In key industries, the month - on - month of coal mining, coal processing, ferrous metal smelting, and electric power and heat all turned from negative to positive. The month - on - month of downstream automobile manufacturing was still - 0.3%, but the drag may mainly come from fuel - powered vehicles [40]. - In August, exports denominated in US dollars decreased year - on - year to 4.4%, mainly dragged down by the decline in exports to the United States. The trade surplus remained at a high level. From the perspective of export countries, in August, exports to the United States decreased year - on - year by - 33.1% (previous value - 21.7%); exports to the EU increased year - on - year by 10.4% (previous value 9.2%); exports to Japan increased year - on - year by 6.7% (previous value 2.5%); exports to ASEAN increased year - on - year by 22.5% (previous value 16.6%); exports to Latin America decreased year - on - year by - 2.3% (previous value 7.7%). From the perspective of major products, there was an obvious differentiation between high - end and low - end products. In August, the combined year - on - year of the four labor - intensive products was - 7.7%; the combined year - on - year of electronic products (mobile phones, automatic data processing equipment) was - 8.1%; the year - on - year of household appliance exports was - 6.6%, all with relatively low growth rates. The growth rate of general machinery and equipment was moderately 4.3%. The high - growth sectors were mainly in the high - end equipment field, including integrated circuits (year - on - year 32.8%), automobiles (year - on - year 17.3%), and ships (year - on - year 35%) [5][36]. - In July, the year - on - year CPI was 0, higher than the expected - 0.1%. The sub - items of commodity retail all improved to varying degrees; the year - on - year PPI was - 3.6%, remaining in a slump, indicating that there was still significant pressure for price recovery. At the same time, the credit data was to be released in the next week. Considering the decline in the cumulative transfer discount scale of large - scale banks in July and the return of the bill rate to zero at the end of the month, the social financing data in July might not be optimistic [46]. Monetary Policy Outlook - The US dollar index has been below 100 for the past week. Under the continuous global trend of "de - dollarization", the offshore RMB has continued to appreciate, closing below 7.18 on Friday. Looking forward to the second half of the year, under the tone of a "moderately loose" monetary policy, the central bank may maintain a loose tone. This week, the central bank had a net investment of 196.1 billion yuan, including 1264.5 billion yuan of reverse repurchase investment and 1068.4 billion yuan of maturities [45]. - Due to insufficient effective economic demand, the loose monetary policy will continue. In terms of exchange rates, as the Japanese yen and the euro strengthen, the US dollar index has fallen below 100, and the pressure on RMB depreciation is still relatively controllable in the short term. Therefore, external shocks will not restrict the intensity of monetary easing in the short term. For the second half of the year, the monetary policy still needs to cooperate with fiscal bond issuance, and liquidity is likely to be loose rather than tight. Currently, the periodic tightness of liquidity may be mainly caused by institutional expectations. Whether dealing with external shocks or stabilizing the domestic situation, a loose tone is still an important foundation [46]. Bond Market Outlook - Looking forward to the second half of the year, since the third quarter may be the starting point of a "bond bull market", it is advisable to appropriately relax the restrictions on portfolio duration. Among the varieties, the 30 - year bond, which has shown weak performance recently, may have high cost - effectiveness [46].

Market Performance - The three major US stock indices experienced slight declines, with the Dow Jones down 0.27%, the S&P 500 down 0.13%, and the Nasdaq down 0.07% [1] - Major tech stocks showed mixed results, with Tesla rising over 2% and Oracle up over 1%, while Microsoft and Nvidia fell over 1% [1] - Most popular Chinese concept stocks saw gains, with NIO up over 8%, Baidu up over 7%, JD.com and iQIYI up over 3%, and Alibaba up over 2% [1] European Market - All three major European stock indices closed lower, with Germany's DAX down 1.77%, France's CAC40 down 1%, and the UK's FTSE 100 down 0.88% [1] Commodity Prices - International precious metal futures closed mixed, with COMEX gold futures up 0.23% at $3727.5 per ounce, while COMEX silver futures fell 0.19% to $42.88 per ounce [1] - International oil prices surged, with the main US oil contract rising 1.97% to $64.55 per barrel, and the main Brent crude contract up 1.56% to $68.49 per barrel [1] Currency and Debt Markets - The US dollar index fell 0.73% to 96.65, while the offshore RMB appreciated by 149 basis points against the dollar to 7.1041 [1] - US Treasury yields collectively declined, with the 2-year yield down 3.15 basis points to 3.495%, the 3-year yield down 2.49 basis points to 3.469%, the 5-year yield down 1.56 basis points to 3.585%, the 10-year yield down 0.58 basis points to 4.028%, and the 30-year yield down 0.19 basis points to 4.652% [1] - European bond yields rose across the board, with the UK 10-year yield up 0.6 basis points to 4.638%, France's 10-year yield up 1 basis point to 3.486%, Germany's 10-year yield up 0.2 basis points to 2.691%, Italy's 10-year yield up 0.4 basis points to 3.475%, and Spain's 10-year yield up 0.5 basis points to 3.246% [1]

Core Insights - The bond market is anticipating a 25 basis point rate cut from the Fed, with potential dissent among Fed voters regarding the extent of cuts [1][2] - The market is focused on the Fed's summary of economic projections, particularly the dot plot indicating future policy rates, with expectations of three cuts this year [2][3] - There is a concern that the market's expectation of the Fed rate dropping below 3% next year may not materialize, which could lead to disappointment [3] Economic Conditions - The economy is described as having two speeds, with high-income consumers continuing to spend, contributing to inflationary pressures, while small businesses struggle with high interest rates [8][9] - Core inflation, excluding shelter, increased by 2.7% last month, the highest in two years, indicating that high-income consumers are faring well [9] - The Fed faces challenges in balancing support for small businesses through rate cuts while managing the potential for increased wealth effects and stickier inflation [10] Market Expectations - The bond market is pricing in significant rate cuts, with expectations that the Fed will act aggressively to prolong economic expansion [11][12] - There is a notion of a "Goldilocks" environment where growth is slowing, but aggressive Fed actions could sustain the economic cycle [12] - Inflation-linked bonds are suggested as a viable investment option, especially if inflation begins to rise, as the market is already pricing in a return to the Fed's 2% target [13][14] Tariff Impact - Tariff policies are believed to significantly affect fixed income markets, with evidence of inflationary impacts from tariffs not being fully recognized [15] - Core goods have shown a month-over-month increase, indicating that inflationary pressures are emerging, which could lead to stagflationary conditions [15]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the bond market is currently focused on finding opportunities for rebound in oversold conditions, with a recommendation to engage in medium to long-term interest rate bonds for trading [1] - The recent bond market has experienced a noticeable upward fluctuation in yields, with a steepening yield curve, primarily due to stronger stock market performance and rising inflation or economic recovery expectations [1][1] - The investment strategy for credit bonds suggests focusing on high-grade, medium to short-term credit bonds to achieve stable interest income, as the yield fluctuations have been relatively small [1] Group 2 - The bond market is expected to remain in a weak oscillating pattern in the future, with upward pressure on bond prices due to sustained stock market performance and higher market risk appetite [1]

Core Viewpoint - The demand continues to decline and is still searching for a bottom, with various economic indicators showing signs of weakness in August [4][10]. Demand Analysis - In August, the total retail sales (社零) grew by 3.4% year-on-year, a slowdown of 0.3 percentage points compared to July, marking the third consecutive month of decline [4][10]. - The structure of retail sales reflects a continued slowdown, particularly in the "old-for-new" category, which saw a decrease from 5.0% to 4.4% in growth [4][10]. - High-frequency data indicates that retail sales of home appliances and passenger vehicles have shown negative year-on-year growth since September, suggesting significant pressure on retail growth for the remainder of the year [4][10]. Fixed Asset Investment - Cumulative fixed asset investment growth fell to 0.5% year-on-year in the first eight months, down from 1.6% in July, with a month-on-month seasonally adjusted decline of 0.2% [5][6]. - The construction and installation sector remains a major drag, contributing a 1.6 percentage point decline to fixed asset investment, which has widened by 1.0 percentage points compared to the first seven months [5][6]. - Investment in real estate, infrastructure, and manufacturing showed year-on-year declines of -12.9%, +5.4%, and +5.1%, respectively, with all sectors experiencing a decrease compared to the previous month [5][6]. Real Estate Market - The sales area of newly built commercial housing in August saw a year-on-year decline of -10.6%, worsening from -7.8% in July, while the sales amount remained stable at -14.0% [28][29]. - The funding situation for real estate companies improved slightly, with the year-on-year decline in funds received narrowing to -11.9% from -15.8% in July, but new construction and project areas continue to show significant declines [29][30]. - The overall real estate sales volume and price improvement is contingent upon effective policies that enhance supply and demand dynamics [29][30]. Production Sector - The industrial value-added and service production indices in August were 5.2% and 5.6% year-on-year, respectively, indicating a continued decline in production growth [8][10]. - The export delivery value turned negative in August, with a year-on-year decline of -0.4%, reflecting weak domestic demand and certain industry pressures [8][10]. Market Performance - Despite the weak economic data, the A-share and Hong Kong stock markets have shown strong performance, reaching new highs for the year, driven by emotional and liquidity factors [10][11]. - The market's short-term volatility is expected to increase, but the underlying bullish trend remains intact, supported by structural improvements in key industries [11][12].