Core Points - The US dollar has dropped 2% this week, marking the largest weekly decline since April, amid rising concerns over the US fiscal situation [1] - The dollar's decline is unusual given the high interest rate environment, as typically higher yields would attract investment in dollar assets [1] - The Bloomberg Dollar Index fell significantly, breaking below April lows and reaching a new yearly low [1][4] Group 1: Market Reactions - Investors are exhibiting panic selling of dollar assets, indicated by simultaneous declines in the dollar, US government bonds, and stocks [1] - Chris Turner from ING highlights ongoing concerns about the quality of US asset markets and threats of de-dollarization putting pressure on the dollar [1] - US Treasury Secretary Mnuchin attempted to downplay the dollar's weakness, attributing it to strength in other currencies rather than a decline in the dollar itself [1] Group 2: Fiscal Concerns - The fiscal deficit concerns stemming from Trump's tax cuts have led to a sell-off in long-term US bonds, with the 30-year bond yield rising 0.13 percentage points to surpass 5% [5] - Analysts warn that worries about the increasing fiscal burden on the US are gradually intensifying [5] - MUFG's Lee Hardman states that renewed concerns about the US fiscal outlook and speculation about weakening the dollar in international discussions are exacerbating the sell-off [7] Group 3: Long-term Outlook - The ongoing decline of the dollar is linked to growing investor concerns about the impact of comprehensive tariffs on the US economy [7] - RBC Asset Management analysts predict that the dollar's weakness will persist as investors seek to hedge dollar exposure in the short term and reconsider structural overexposure to the US in the long term [7]

政策层面出现积极信号。德国总理弗里德里希·梅尔茨组建的独立经济顾问小组周二提交报告称，政府 正在推进的基础设施升级与国防重组计划有望为2026年经济注入活力。 该小组负责人莫妮卡·施尼策尔在接受采访时强调："财政扩张已成为德国经济破局的关键突破口，当前 最紧迫的是确保资金快速精准投放。"她同时警示，行政审批流程改革与营商环境优化需与财政刺激形 成政策合力。 周四早间公布的5月PMI初值显示，德国私营部门综合产出指数意外萎缩，服务业活动创两年半以来最 差表现，仅有制造业呈现边际改善。 制约经济复苏的深层矛盾持续显现：全球需求疲软与贸易政策波动形成双重挤压，人口老龄化与行政审 批效率低下等结构性问题进一步加剧增长瓶颈。 （原标题：德国企业信心现回暖迹象 结构性矛盾仍制约经济复苏） 智通财经APP获悉，德国经济研究机构Ifo最新数据显示，5月企业预期指数较上月回升1.5个点至88.9， 超出彭博调查预测的88中值，但同期衡量经济现状的指标出现小幅回落。Ifo研究所主席克莱门斯·菲斯 特在周四发布的声明中指出："近期困扰企业的贸易政策不确定性有所缓解，德国经济正逐步积累复苏 动能。" 作为欧元区最大经济体，德国当前仍 ...

Core Viewpoint - The focus of U.S. Treasury investors has shifted from optimism regarding trade relations to concerns about the U.S. fiscal trajectory, particularly following Moody's downgrade of the U.S. government credit rating, which is expected to lead to an increase in Treasury yields [1][3]. Group 1: Treasury Yields and Market Reactions - The Wells Fargo strategist team predicts that the 10-year and 30-year U.S. Treasury yields will rise by 5 to 10 basis points due to the impact of Moody's downgrade [1]. - The 30-year Treasury yield has already reached 5%, marking the highest level since November 2023 [2]. - The bond market is closely monitoring developments in Congress regarding the proposed "Big, Beautiful Bill," which could significantly increase the already high debt level of $36 trillion [3]. Group 2: Fiscal Policy and Debt Concerns - The proposed "Big, Beautiful Bill" could add trillions to the national debt, raising concerns among bond market participants about fiscal responsibility [3]. - Analysts suggest that the downgrade of U.S. debt ratings is not surprising given the ongoing fiscal expansion, which may lead large investors to shift away from U.S. Treasuries to other safe-haven assets [3]. - The nonpartisan Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget estimates that the proposed legislation could increase U.S. debt by approximately $3.3 trillion by 2034, or up to $5.2 trillion if temporary measures are extended [3]. Group 3: Urgency of Debt Ceiling Resolution - The U.S. Treasury Secretary is urging Congress to raise the federal debt ceiling before mid-July, as the government may reach a critical "X date" by August when it can no longer meet its obligations [5]. - Concerns about the debt ceiling are already being reflected in the yields of Treasury securities maturing in August, which are higher than those of securities maturing at other nearby dates [5]. - There is a consensus among Republicans to extend the tax cuts from 2017, but disagreements remain on how to offset the loss in tax revenue through spending cuts, which are limited due to mandatory spending commitments [5].

未来12-18个月，10年期美国国债收益率可能触及6% 金十数据5月8日讯，T. Rowe Price首席信息官Arif Husain在一份报告中说，在美国国会夏季休会前通过 大规模财政方案的可能性正在增加。由于特朗普政府尚未完全解决其减税议程，预计财政扩张将成为市 场的下一个压倒一切的焦点。财政扩张可能会支持经济增长，但最重要的是，它可能会给美国国债市场 带来更大的压力。，通胀上升和全球财政进一步扩张对美国国债不利，并预计10年期国债收益率将在未 来12至18个月内达到6%。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The resurgence of "America First" is prompting the EU to enter an era of "strategic awakening," with the negative impact of U.S. tariffs on the EU economy likely to manifest sooner than the positive effects of fiscal expansion, which may only begin to outweigh the negative impacts by Q4 of this year [1][4][13]. Group 1: Strategic Awakening in the EU - The unilateralism of the Trump administration is increasing anxiety among European nations, leading to a consensus on increasing defense spending within the EU [2][13]. - Germany's €1 trillion fiscal expansion plan has completed the legislative process and will be discussed after the new government is formed [2][13]. - The EU's €800 billion proposal for "rearming Europe" is actively progressing, with national exception clause applications approved in July [2][4]. Group 2: Impact of Tariffs on the EU Economy - The static assessment indicates that U.S. tariffs will raise the effective tariff rate on imports from the EU by 9.6 percentage points, potentially reducing EU exports by approximately 1.9% and impacting EU GDP by about 0.5% [4][12]. - The pharmaceutical and organic chemical sectors are particularly vulnerable to these tariffs, with countries like Ireland, Finland, Italy, and Germany being sensitive to U.S. tariff policies [4][10]. Group 3: Fiscal Expansion and Economic Growth - Increased fiscal spending on defense and infrastructure is expected to effectively boost economic growth in Europe, with France and Germany likely to be the primary beneficiaries [4][18]. - The positive impact of fiscal expansion may take longer to materialize compared to the immediate negative effects of tariffs, with expectations that the latter will begin to diminish by Q4 of this year [4][12]. Group 4: Investment Strategies and Market Sentiment - Investor sentiment is crucial for the EU economy to avoid recession, with many European companies focusing on equipment upgrades and product R&D rather than capacity expansion [18]. - Chinese companies are encouraged to leverage the EU's fiscal expansion to accelerate strategic transformations and seek potential opportunities in Europe, particularly in sectors like electrical and optical equipment [18].

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 高拓（13705969808） 核心结论 关税不确定性使财政扩张的必要性增加，我们提示二季度或有几个边际变化： 1 、 二季度财政或加速发行既定债务 ，增量债务或随时接续（经验规律： 增量债务政策 多在 6 月底 ~10 月底 ）； 2 、财政扩张方向或 由一季度偏消费到二季度边际倾斜投资 ； 3 、 基于既定政策测算， 二季度广义财政支出增速或在 -0.6%~10.4% 附近 （ 今年一季度为 4.3% ， 2019~2024 年二季度均值为 1.8% ；均为不考虑中央金融机构注资特别国债、用于化债的特殊新增专项债 的同口径比较）， 若新增专项债极限提速 （如首个出台专项债"自审自发"方案的省份湖南要求"原则上 6 月底前完成全年专项债券发行工作"； 2018 年 8 月中美贸易争端升级后，财政部要求在两个月内发完全年 额度） 或增量债务接续，增速或更高。 一、财政扩张的规律：二季度或加速发行既定债务，增量债务或随时接续 债务是支持财政扩张的重要力量，每年可分为既定债务和增量债务。既定债务规模由预算确定 ...

海外经济："欧强美弱"遭遇挑战 海外经济"欧强美弱"叙事遭遇阶段性挑战。 关税对美国经济的冲击仍然停留在居民部门，企业部门及就业市场继续表现出较强韧性。 截至4月24日，亚特 兰大联储GDPNOW模型预测Q1消费增速为1.4%，投资增速为7.1%，表现为消费小幅转冷，投资逆势扩张。单 周首次申领失业金人数为22.2万，小幅强于季节性。 随着关税落地，美国经济仍可能进一步转冷。然而，基于当前形势判断，美国经济更可能陷入相对温和的技术 性衰退，不排除避免衰退的可能性。 一是相对强劲的企业部门将承接大部分关税冲击。大通胀期间美国企业部门积累大量利润，企业利润扩张逾八 成，而工人薪资仅增长约三成。根据相关研究，进口商将承担超80%关税成本，消费者仅承担不到20%。 二是就业市场受到供给侧支撑。随着非法移民逐步退出就业市场，美国"劳工荒"形势依然严峻。尽管经济转冷 可能带来雇佣需求的收缩，但移民劳工的退出将令供给同步收缩，最终失业率可能保持稳定。 三是特朗普团队已在面临"一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭"的窘境。马斯克政府效率部的工作近乎停滞，与美联储 的"降息之争"没有得到足够支持，与全球各国的贸易谈判普遍陷入僵局，对俄乌冲 ...

Group 1: Economic Trends and Market Reactions - The euro has surged nearly 10% against the dollar, surpassing the 1.15 mark on April 22, driven by Germany's fiscal expansion [1] - The simultaneous decline of U.S. stocks, bonds, and the dollar index indicates a broad willingness among investors to sell U.S. assets, reflecting a systemic rejection of U.S. economic strategies [1][3] - The U.S. stock market has experienced significant declines, with major indices dropping over 2% and the dollar index falling more than 10% from its mid-January peak [4] Group 2: Investment Shifts and Opportunities - Increased fiscal spending in Germany is expected to benefit European markets, particularly in value sectors, with European bank stocks outperforming U.S. tech giants since 2022 [2] - There is a growing interest in European bonds as U.S. Treasury bonds are being sold off, with expectations of multiple rate cuts by the European Central Bank (ECB) [2][6] - The strong performance of European assets is attributed to Germany's historic fiscal reforms and increased defense spending, which have boosted market confidence [5][6] Group 3: Central Bank Policies and Currency Dynamics - The ECB's recent rate cut to 2.25% reflects its commitment to support economic activity in the eurozone, with a high probability of further cuts in the near future [6][7] - Despite the typical negative impact of rate cuts on the euro, the market seems to have absorbed this effect, leading to a resilient euro against the dollar [7] - The potential for a 5% CPI in the U.S. by 2025 due to increased tariffs raises concerns about consumer and business confidence, further influencing investment decisions [4][8] Group 4: Trade Negotiations and Structural Challenges - Ongoing trade negotiations and structural issues within Europe pose significant uncertainties for the market, with varying attitudes towards U.S. trade policies among different countries [8][9] - The long and complex nature of trade agreements suggests that the current period of uncertainty may not be resolved quickly, impacting market stability [9]

中国财政部表示，2025年财政政策"更加积极"主要体现在四个方面。一是提高赤字率。财政总支出会进一步扩 大，逆周期调节力度也会加大，为经济持续回暖向好提供有力支撑；二是扩大债务规模。将安排更大规模的政府 债券，为稳增长、调结构提供更多支撑。扩大超长期特别国债规模，更大力度支持"两重"项目，加力扩围实施"两 新"政策。增加新增地方政府专项债券限额，扩大投向领域和用作项目资本金的范围，带动扩大有效投资，支持强 基础、补弱项、促发展。发行特别国债，支持国有大行补充核心一级资本，提升这些银行服务实体经济的信贷投 放能力，更可持续地支持有效需求扩大和经济结构调整；三是保障重点支出。大力优化财政支出结构，加强对重 点领域的保障，更加注重惠民生、促消费、增后劲。在惠民生方面，将适当提高退休人员基本养老金，提高城乡 居民基础养老金，提高城乡居民医保财政补助标准，推动增加居民收入。在促消费方面，将充分运用财税工具， 支持实施提振消费专项行动，加大消费品以旧换新力度，创新多元化消费场景，让消费更有温度、更加便利。在 增后劲方面，将支持加快发展新质生产力，加大对教育科技、乡村振兴、绿色低碳、区域重大战略等重点领域的 支持；四是提高 ...

德国财政政策迎重大转折。 当地时间3月22日，德国总统施泰因迈尔正式签署《基本法》修正案，为德国政府通过新增债务融资的庞大财政方案扫清了最后一道障碍。这项巨额财政计划 将为国防、基础设施和气候投资提供数千亿欧元资金。分析认为，今年屡创新高的德国股市，有望延续升势；而欧洲资产也有望继续受到投资者追捧。 STOXX50指数、德国DAX指数和法国CAC40指数走势（2025年） | 14 | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | 10 31 | 1 | 1 | 德国财政迎来重大转折 在德国联邦议院和联邦参议院先后于3月18日和3月21日批准后，施泰因迈尔于法案通过的第二天迅速完成了签署程序。根据总统府当天发布的声明，该法案 现在只需在《联邦法律公报》上公布，即可正式生效，进入执行阶段。 这一决定标志着德国财政政策迎来重大转折。 中信建投的报告认为，本轮财政将显著拉动德国GDP。在激进情形下，假设德国基础设施投资乘数1.5，国防支出投资乘数为0.6，州财政乘数为0.69。预计 2026年财政扩张对德国GDP拉动1.81%，德国进口增长5.14%。而在保守情形下，即财政支出乘数效应 ...