丨证券研究报告丨 中国经济丨点评报告 [Table_Title] 12 月出口有承压风险，但明年韧性仍强 ——11 月外贸数据点评 报告要点 [Table_Summary] 对欧盟、非洲、拉丁美洲出口走强带动 11 月出口同比回升，整体表现不弱。11 月 9 日以来， 全球、美国进口、中国赴美集装箱订舱量各周同比增速持续下滑，或预示 12 月出口承压概率 较大。更长维度看，降息对全球制造业周期的提振效果仍在延续，叠加我国出口商品的价格优 势、对一带一路国家投资带动的出口需求，或将持续支撑我国出口韧性增长。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] 于博 黄帅 SAC：S0490520090001 SAC：S0490525070005 SFC：BUX667 请阅读最后评级说明和重要声明 %% %% %% %% research.95579.com 1 [Table_Title 12 月出口有承压风险，但明年韧性仍强 2] ——11 月外贸数据点评 [Table_Summary2] 事件描述 2025 年 12 月 8 日，海关总署发布 11 月外贸数据：以美元计，我国 11 月出口 3303.5 亿美元， ...

Core Viewpoint - The significant rebound in exports in November is primarily supported by the dissipation of short-term supply disruptions rather than an improvement in external demand [3][10][82] Export Data Summary - November exports increased by 5.9% year-on-year, exceeding expectations of 3% and recovering from a decline of 1.1% in October [2][9][82] - The rebound in exports is attributed to factors such as an increase in working days and the reduction of "production rush" effects, which had previously impacted supply [3][10][82] - The increase in working days in November (up by 2 days year-on-year) contributed significantly to the export recovery [3][10][82] Country-Level Analysis - Regions that previously experienced significant supply shocks saw notable rebounds in exports in November, indicating that the easing of supply disruptions was a key driver [3][21][82] - Exports to emerging economies showed a clear recovery in November, with exports to Africa and Latin America increasing by 17.1 and 12.8 percentage points, respectively [3][21][82] - Despite the rebound, there was no significant improvement in demand from these emerging economies, as indicated by stable PMI readings in South Africa and Brazil [3][21][82] Commodity Export Trends - Commodities that had previously shown significant export volatility also experienced a notable recovery in November, with food, steel, and auto parts exports rebounding sharply [4][29][83] - The export growth rates for consumer electronics and light industrial products also improved significantly in November after substantial declines in October [4][29][83] Import Data Summary - Imports in November increased by 1.9% year-on-year, recovering from a previous expectation of 2.9% [2][9][82] - Processing trade imports saw a significant rise of 9.2 percentage points to 13.9%, indicating a recovery in trade performance due to the easing of supply disruptions [4][37][82] - Major commodities such as crude oil and electromechanical products also showed improved import growth rates in November [4][37][82] Future Outlook - The easing of supply disruptions, combined with ongoing improvements in external demand and China's competitive export advantages, is expected to support exports for the remainder of the year [5][45][46] - The potential for improved exports to the U.S. is bolstered by the easing of tariffs and the possibility of inventory replenishment in the U.S. market [5][45][46] - Continued industrialization in emerging markets is anticipated to drive demand for intermediate and capital goods, further supporting China's export performance [5][45][46] Regular Tracking - November saw a general recovery in both exports and imports, with notable increases in consumer electronics and light industrial products [6][71][82] - Capital goods exports showed mixed results, with intermediate goods like auto parts and integrated circuits experiencing growth [6][59][68] - Exports to non-U.S. developed economies and emerging markets showed positive trends, while exports to the U.S. declined [6][68][71]

Core Viewpoint - The significant rebound in exports in November is primarily supported by the easing of short-term supply disruptions rather than an improvement in external demand. Factors such as the "working day" effect and the reduction of "production rush" impacts contributed to this rebound [3][10][82]. Export Data Analysis - November exports increased by 5.9% year-on-year, significantly up from -1.1% in October, indicating that supply factors played a more crucial role than external demand in recent export fluctuations. The increase in working days and the decline of production rush effects were key contributors to this rebound [2][10][82]. - Exports to emerging economies showed a notable recovery in November, with growth rates for Africa and Latin America rising by 17.1 and 12.8 percentage points to 27.7% and 15%, respectively, despite no significant improvement in demand from these regions [3][21][82]. Commodity Export Trends - The export growth of commodities that experienced significant fluctuations in the previous months showed a marked recovery in November. For instance, food, steel, and automotive parts saw their growth rates rebound by 34, 18.7, and 13.2 percentage points, respectively [4][29][83]. - Labor-intensive sectors such as consumer electronics and light industrial products also experienced a notable recovery in November, with consumer electronics exports increasing by 5.1 percentage points to 3.3% [4][83]. Import Data Insights - Imports in November rose by 1.9% year-on-year, with processing trade imports significantly rebounding by 9.2 percentage points to 13.9%, indicating that the easing of supply disruptions positively impacted trade performance [4][37][83]. - Major commodities like crude oil and electromechanical products also showed improvement in import growth rates, with crude oil imports increasing by 8.4 percentage points to 8.1% [4][37][83]. Future Outlook - The easing of supply disruptions, combined with ongoing improvements in external demand and China's competitive export advantages, is expected to support exports for the remainder of the year. The potential easing of tariffs between China and the U.S. and the continued industrialization in emerging markets may further bolster export opportunities [5][45][84]. - The resilience of machinery manufacturing exports over the past three months suggests that there remains room for improvement in exports, particularly in intermediate and capital goods [5][46][84]. Regular Tracking - November saw a general recovery in both exports and imports, with consumer electronics and light industrial products showing notable increases. The export growth rate for consumer electronics rose by 5.1 percentage points to 3.3%, driven by significant rebounds in mobile phones and LCD display modules [6][68][84]. - Capital goods exports displayed mixed results, with general machinery and medical instruments seeing growth, while automotive parts and integrated circuits also experienced increases in export growth rates [6][59][68].

Export Performance - In November, China's exports reached $330.35 billion, with a year-on-year growth rate of 5.9%, recovering from a previous decline of -1.1%[5] - The ten-year average year-on-year export growth rate for November is 2.8%[5] - The increase in exports is supported by global economic recovery and market diversification, alongside a low base effect from last year[6] Import Trends - Imports in November totaled $218.67 billion, with a growth rate of 1.9%, slightly up from 1% previously[5] - The ten-year average year-on-year import growth rate for November is 0%[7] - Industrial production recovery and increased demand for certain commodities, such as grains (15.4% growth) and rubber (11.3% growth), supported import growth[7] Trade Surplus - The trade surplus for November was $111.68 billion, an increase from $90.07 billion in the previous month[5] Regional Export Dynamics - Exports to the EU increased by 14.8%, significantly up from 0.9% previously, likely due to pre-Christmas shipping demands[15] - Exports to the US saw a larger decline, with a year-on-year growth rate of -28.6%, worsening from -25.2%[15] - Exports to Africa rebounded to 27.6%, contributing 1.4 percentage points to overall export growth[16] Product-Specific Insights - The export growth rate for mechanical and high-tech products improved, with automotive exports increasing by 53% and integrated circuits by 34.2%[22] - Labor-intensive products showed varying recovery, with a notable improvement in toys and textiles[24] Future Outlook - Cumulative export growth from January to November was 5.4%, with a projected annual growth rate of 5.8% for 2024[26] - The export growth outlook remains resilient despite uncertainties in US-China relations and global economic conditions[26] Risks - Potential risks include weakening external demand, domestic economic downturns, and escalating trade tensions[33]

Real Estate Cycle - The long-term upward phase of the real estate market from 2000 to 2020 led many to believe that housing prices would not decline, despite early warnings from analysts like Professor Zhu Ning [4] - Current average rental yield in core cities of China is estimated at around 2%, indicating a price-to-earnings ratio of 50 times, while Shanghai's rental yield is even lower, suggesting a need for adjustment to around 3% [5][6] - Real estate development investment in China has decreased by 14.7% year-on-year in the first ten months of the year, indicating a potential acceleration in the downward trend [5][6] Export Performance - China's export growth has exceeded expectations this year, with a 5.3% increase in the first ten months, despite concerns about negative growth earlier in the year [10] - The export price index has declined by 18% since 2023, indicating challenges in maintaining export value [10][13] - Future export growth is expected to slow down due to the diminishing "import grabbing" effect from the U.S. and high base effects from previous years [13] Consumer Contribution to GDP - Consumer spending is projected to contribute more than half of GDP growth this year, as capital formation's contribution declines [15] - The consumption growth has shown a pattern of being high in the first half of the year and lower in the second half, influenced by previous stimulus measures [17] - Long-term consumption growth will depend on rising household incomes and improved social security systems [19] Inflation and Price Recovery Challenges - The relationship between supply and demand, particularly in manufacturing investment, is crucial for price recovery, but manufacturing investment growth has significantly slowed [21] - The current economic environment presents challenges for inflation recovery, as high unemployment rates correlate with low inflation [25] - Effective measures to boost consumer demand are necessary for price recovery, including expanding social security and employment opportunities [25] GDP Growth Targets - The GDP growth target for 2026 is estimated to remain around 5%, with various uncertainties affecting this goal, including population changes and exchange rate fluctuations [26] - A more aggressive fiscal policy is anticipated to support this growth target, with an expected increase in the fiscal deficit [30] - The need for fiscal and monetary policy coordination is emphasized to address local government debt and stimulate economic growth [40] Stock Market Dynamics - The stock market has faced resistance around the 4000-point mark, with recent gains driven more by valuation increases than profit growth [41] - For a sustained bull market, corporate profits must grow faster than GDP, which has not been the case recently [41][44] - Structural bull markets are anticipated, particularly in the context of the AI revolution, but require supportive policies for corporate growth [46]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In November, the bond market fluctuated more significantly during the policy window period, with the overall yield oscillating upward and the curve slightly steepening. The 10Y Treasury yield rose by 5BP, and the 1Y Treasury yield increased by 2BP. As of November 28, the 10-year Treasury yield climbed 5BP to 1.84%, and the 1-year Treasury yield went up 2BP to close at 1.4%, with the term spread widening by 1BP to 44BP [1][8]. - In December, attention should be paid to the statements of key central meetings, the subsequent operation scale of the central bank's restarted Treasury bond trading, the actual implementation of the public offering fee new regulations, and the marginal constraints of the "ceiling and floor" state of the 10-year bond on the current market pricing of 1.85%. The bond market is expected to be mainly volatile, and the allocation value at around 1.85% has reappeared. It is recommended to seize the current key position with high cost - effectiveness [4][5][66]. Summary According to Related Catalogs I. Bond Market Review: Interest Rates Oscillated Upward, and the Yield Curve Slightly Steepened - In November, affected by factors such as capital - side fluctuations, the continued play of the stock - bond seesaw effect, and repeated policy expectations, the bond market's volatility intensified. The 10Y Treasury yield rose by 5BP, and the 1Y Treasury yield increased by 2BP. The term spread widened by 1BP to 44BP [1][8]. - Different maturities of the Treasury yield curve showed structural differentiation, with the ultra - short and medium - long - term yields rising more significantly. The implied tax rate of policy - bank bonds generally rebounded [9]. - Overseas, the market expected that the probability of the Fed maintaining the interest rate unchanged in December was 15.3%, while the probability of a 25 - basis - point interest rate cut rose to around 85%. As of November 28, compared with the end of October, the US bond yield dropped 9BP to 4.02%, and the Sino - US yield spread inversion narrowed by 14BP to around 218BP [10]. - Throughout November, the bond market showed different trends in each week. The first week saw an oscillating upward trend in yields; the second week presented a narrow - range consolidation pattern; the third week showed a differentiation between short - and long - term yields; and the fourth week witnessed a steep upward shift in yields [16][19][22]. II. This Month's Outlook and Strategy (1) This Month's Bond Market Outlook: Pay Attention to the Statements of Key Central Meetings in December and Whether Institutions Will Make a Pre - emptive Move at the Year - End - **Fundamentals**: Continue to focus on the impact of inflation improvement, the resilience of exports under high - base effects, the improvement of PMI sentiment, the possible warming of real - estate supply and demand data, and the possible improvement of the shortfall in social financing [2][23]. - **Supply Side**: It is expected that the net supply of government bonds in December will be around 650 billion yuan, basically falling back to a relatively low level within the year. The use of the remaining quota will drive the continued issuance of special bonds [2][42]. - **Funding Side**: Although the scale of government bond issuance will fall to a low level within the year, the large - scale maturity of certificates of deposit next month may put pressure on the liquidity of the banking system. However, the central bank's attitude of care is clear, and it is expected that the funding side will be generally balanced and loose [2][46]. - **Policy Side**: Focus on the two major economic meetings in December. It is expected that there will be updates on policies related to broad - money, active fiscal policies, consumption, real estate, and debt resolution. The market's expectation of an interest rate cut has increased [3][56]. - **Institutional Behavior**: In November, various institutions generally increased their holdings, with the allocation - oriented investors increasing their positions while the trading - oriented investors reducing their scale. In December, pay attention to the possible marginal redemptions of wealth management products after the formal implementation of the public offering sales fee new regulations, the trading games of public funds and other trading - oriented investors, the possible increase in holdings by wealth management products and rural commercial banks in the banking system, and the allocation layout of insurance - based allocation - oriented investors [3][59][60]. (2) Bond Market Strategy: The Bond Market Will Be Mainly Volatile, and Seize the Allocation Cost - Effectiveness at the Short - Term Ceiling of 1.85% - Consider multiple aspects such as fundamentals, supply, funding, policies, and institutional behavior. In December, the bond market is expected to be mainly volatile. The allocation value at around 1.85% has reappeared, and it is recommended to seize the opportunity [66][67][68]. III. Important Economic Calendar for December The report lists important economic indicators to be announced in December and their market expected values, including foreign exchange reserves, export and import data, CPI, PPI, and other data [70].

对全球170多个国家和地区出口增速保持在6.2%以上、单月机电产品出口额占比连续4个月保持在60%以 上、对共建"一带一路"国家出口额占比超过50%，前三季度，货物和服务净出口对经济增长贡献率为 29%，拉动GDP增长1.5个百分点……今年来，外部环境变化带来的不利影响加深，中国出口超预期的 韧性顶住了压力，为经济增长提供了亮点与动能。中国制造业产业结构持续转型升级以及更加多元的市 场布局仍是出口保持韧性的巨大底气。 向"新"力持续涌现 小小潮玩风靡全球，中国原创IP"LABUBU"无疑是今年的消费单品顶流之一。 不久前在美国纽约举行的"梅西百货感恩节大游行"上，包括LABUBU在内的一众泡泡玛特旗下IP首次亮 相，展现了中国IP的影响力。据泡泡玛特最新业绩报告，今年第三季度，该公司在美洲的收益增幅超 1200%，在欧洲及其他地区的收益增幅也超过700%。中国是传统玩具制造大国，完整、高效的产业链 体系铸就了我国在全球分工中不可替代的作用。中国潮玩的崛起则让世界看到了中国制造的品牌力与 向"新"力。 除了传统劳动密集型产品向产业链价值链上游突围，机电产品以及更细分的高新技术产品份额突破也成 为今年出口的亮点来 ...

Real Estate Cycle - The long-term upward phase of the real estate market from 2000 to 2020 led to a widespread belief that housing prices would not decline, despite contrary predictions from analysts like Professor Zhu Ning [1][2] - The average rental yield in core cities of China is around 2%, indicating a price-to-earnings ratio of 50 times, while Shanghai's rental yield is even lower, suggesting a need for adjustment to around 3% [2] - Real estate investment has seen a significant decline, with a 14.7% year-on-year drop in the first ten months, raising concerns about a consensus bearish outlook [2][3] Economic Impact - The real estate sector influences numerous industries, and its downturn is expected to affect economic growth through 2026, with private investment growth already showing a significant decline [2][3] - The need for a real estate stability fund has been suggested, as urbanization continues and many new citizens have yet to purchase homes, indicating potential structural shortages in first- and second-tier cities [3] Export and Trade - China's exports have shown resilience, with a 5.3% increase in the first ten months, despite concerns over a potential downturn in external demand in the coming year [4][5] - The ongoing trade tensions and tariff wars, particularly with the U.S., are expected to impact trade volumes negatively, with a forecasted reduction in trade with major economies [5] Consumption and GDP Contribution - Consumption is projected to become a more significant contributor to GDP growth, especially as investment contributions decline [8] - The current economic environment shows a trend of high consumer debt levels, which may hinder future consumption growth unless addressed through fiscal measures [9] Fiscal and Monetary Policy - The fiscal policy for 2026 is expected to be more aggressive, with an anticipated increase in the broad deficit to around 13.2 trillion yuan, reflecting the need for stimulus amid economic pressures [15][19] - Interest rates may be lowered to stimulate demand, although this poses challenges for banks' net interest margins [18] Stock Market Dynamics - The stock market is currently facing resistance, with the need for corporate profit growth to drive a sustainable bull market, as recent gains have been primarily due to valuation increases rather than earnings growth [22][23] - Structural bull markets are anticipated, particularly in the context of the ongoing AI revolution, which may provide opportunities for growth in specific sectors [24]

Core Viewpoint - Despite significant pressure from increased tariffs and geopolitical uncertainties, China's overall export growth has exceeded market expectations, showcasing remarkable resilience in the face of challenges [2][3]. Group 1: China's Export Resilience - In the first three quarters of 2025, China's total export reached $2.8 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 6.1%, marking the highest level for the same period in nearly three years [2][3]. - The net export of goods and services contributed 1.5 percentage points to GDP growth, the second-highest in nearly a decade, only behind the recovery period of 2021 [2]. Group 2: Market Diversification and Structural Upgrading - Exports to non-U.S. markets have shown significant growth, compensating for the decline in exports to the U.S. [5][6]. - In the first three quarters of 2025, exports to Africa, ASEAN, India, the UK, the EU, Latin America, and Canada grew by 28.3%, 14.7%, 12.9%, 8.7%, 8.2%, 6.9%, and 5.1% respectively, collectively contributing approximately 6.3 percentage points to overall export growth [5][6]. Group 3: Changes in Export Structure - The share of intermediate goods in total exports increased from 41.7% in 2017 to 47.4% in the first three quarters of 2025, while the share of consumer goods decreased from 37.2% to 32.5% [9][10]. - Intermediate goods and capital goods have become the main drivers of overall export growth, with intermediate goods exports growing by 10.2% year-on-year in the first three quarters of 2025 [9][11]. Group 4: Trade Relations with Major Economies - The trade relationship with developed economies like the U.S. and EU is shifting from complementarity to a mix of competition and cooperation, with China's exports to these regions facing pressure [12][13]. - Despite challenges, there remains potential for growth in high-value intermediate and capital goods exports to developed economies, as China's competitiveness in high-tech sectors continues to improve [14][15]. Group 5: Emerging Markets as Growth Drivers - Emerging markets, particularly in Africa, are becoming significant growth markets for Chinese exports, with a shift in the export structure from consumer goods to capital and intermediate goods [19][20]. - China's exports to Africa have increased from 4.2% to 5% of total exports from 2017 to 2024, with capital goods' share rising from 17.4% to 24% during the same period [19][20].

Export Analysis - October exports unexpectedly turned negative year-on-year, influenced by base effects, with a two-year average year-on-year growth of 5.5%, similar to September's 5.3%[2] - For Q4, attention should be on the impact of reduced fentanyl tariffs on U.S. exports and the risk of weakening demand from the EU[2] - The core contradiction in exports is global trade volume (external demand), which can be tracked using a leading indicator system[2] Monetary Policy and Market Trends - In October, the central bank purchased 20 billion yuan in bonds, significantly below market expectations, indicating a cautious approach to bond buying[4] - The U.S. Treasury has increased bond supply to boost cash reserves, leading to a rise in short-term dollar financing pressures[5] - The average yield on 10-year government bonds has stabilized around 1.8% following various market influences[4] Investment Strategies - The stock fund total position is at 97.52%, down 54 basis points from last week, indicating a slight reduction in equity exposure[6] - The average return for balanced mixed funds was 0.7%, while stock ETFs averaged 0.43%[6] - The insurance sector has seen 34 instances of stake acquisitions this year, primarily in banking and public utilities, reflecting a focus on high dividend assets[9] Economic Outlook - The leading indicators suggest that export growth may rebound in November and December, with an annual export growth target around 5%[11] - The overall economic environment is expected to improve, with policies aimed at stabilizing asset quality and promoting credit growth[9]