【央行圆桌汇】人民银行：根据国内外经济金融形 势和金融市场运行情况 择机降准降息 ·中国人民银行货币政策委员会召开2025年第一季度例会 ·美联储维持利率不变 ·英国央行维持基准利率不变 ·日本央行维持现行利率水平不变 ·瑞士央行将基准利率下调25个基点至0.25% ·俄罗斯央行宣布维持关键利率在21%不变 ·巴西央行加息100个基点 ·土耳其央行将隔夜拆借利率提高至46% 【全球央行动态】 ·中国人民银行货币政策委员会2025年第一季度（总第108次）例会于3月18日召开。会议研究了下 阶段货币政策主要思路，建议加大货币政策调控强度，提高货币政策调控前瞻性、针对性、有效性，根 据国内外经济金融形势和金融市场运行情况，择机降准降息。保持流动性充裕，引导金融机构加大货币 信贷投放力度，使社会融资规模、货币供应量增长同经济增长、价格总水平预期目标相匹配。 ·美联储宣布将联邦基金利率目标区间维持在4.25%至4.50%之间。这是自1月底会议以来，美联储再 次决定维持利率不变。美联储在声明中提到"经济前景不确定性增加"，相较于1月议息会议声明的措 辞"经济前景不确定"，程度进一步升级。 ·美国纽约联储主席威廉姆斯表示 ...

以下文章来源于申万宏源证券上海分公司 ，作者杨敏 申万宏源证券上海分公司 . 申万宏源证券上海分公司官微，能为您提供账户开立、软件下载、研究所及投顾资讯等综合服务，为您 的财富保驾护航。 摘要： 短期震荡还将继续，耐心等待流动性和四月决断催化的落地。 ------------------ 盘面走弱体现在三方面： 一、一直是市场情绪指标的北证50周四开始出现了趋势的破位，影响小盘股的情绪。 二、盘面近期连续的负反馈，这周科技多个发布会和财报落地，对于一些财报超预期的公司，相关板块 走势偏弱。 三、低位持续性不强，高位没有增量。 展开说，低位的顺周期品种，反弹一波修复估值后，近期涨不动了，等待宏观数据的催化。高位的科技 股，新催化有，但市场对普通的消息已经反馈递减，从deepseek到阿里财报到manus到近期的腾讯、小 米财报，对板块的拉动边际效应降低。新进的资金也不愿意在没有调整的时候直接进场买科技。 以上三个现象造成了近期市场走势的震荡，破局点在于两方面; 1、流动性 周四凌晨美联储利率决议三个要点：3月不降息以及年内有望两次降息都符合预期，但有一个超预期， 即4月1日开始放缓资产负债表缩减步伐。明显偏鸽派 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the importance of macroeconomic analysis in understanding global economic trends and the role of financial services in supporting the real economy [2][12]. Group 1: Analyst Background - Chen Dafei, the Chief Macro Analyst at Shenwan Hongyuan Research, has 8 years of experience in the securities industry, focusing on global macroeconomics, monetary policy, and liquidity [3]. - Chen's career includes positions at Dongfang Securities and Guojin Securities, where he led macro research teams before joining Shenwan Hongyuan Research in August 2024 [3]. Group 2: Research Insights - The significance of overseas macro research has grown since 2018, particularly due to the evolving US-China trade relations and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a resurgence of inflation [5][6]. - Chen emphasizes a paradigm shift from a "low interest rate era" to a "high volatility era," where monetary policy becomes crucial in managing inflation [5]. - His research methodology involves a unified approach of "facts-theory-history," focusing on current facts, theoretical understanding, and historical comparisons to deepen insights [9]. Group 3: Professional Development - For newcomers in the industry, a genuine passion for research is essential, as it drives continuous learning and discovery [10]. - Deep thinking skills, supported by a broad knowledge base, are critical for effective economic research [10]. - Proficiency in AI tools is increasingly necessary to enhance research efficiency, paralleling the importance of traditional office software [11]. Group 4: Industry Perspectives - The relationship between finance and the real economy is characterized by both unity and opposition, with financial services playing a vital role in promoting high-quality economic development [12]. - Financial systems exhibit pro-cyclical behavior, which can extend economic expansion but may also lead to instability during downturns [12]. - Long-term economic growth is driven by technological innovation, with finance playing a crucial role in supporting research and development [12]. Group 5: Cultural Influence - The integration of party-building culture within Shenwan Hongyuan Research enhances personal growth and professional thinking, aligning with the broader strategic goals of the organization [14].

中信建投固收｜固羽增收 - 信用性价比框架失效了吗 20250320 摘要 Q&A 当前信用债的性价比框架是否失效？ 我们认为当前的信用债性价比框架在某些情况下确实失效。尽管按照之前的性 价比框架，短端信用债已经进入了较好的投资区间，但市场环境和前提条件发 生了变化。自 2022 年起，我们观察到中短票的信用利差（3A 评级、3 年期限） 在 30 到 50BP 之间波动。然而，2024 年的市场调整显示，这一规律并不总是适 用。 • 信用利差受资产荒、流动性及风险偏好影响，2024 年公募基金增持长端信 用债，改变了市场调整模式，3-7 年期债券调整幅度超过短端，需关注资 金面和货币政策。 • 构建信贷性价比框架需满足资产荒、流动性稳定和风险偏好不变三个假设， 否则适用性受限。当前利率债供给增加，传统信用利差配置区间逻辑可能 变化。 • 股市与理财产品存在互动，散户资金流向影响债市，需关注市场分化。广 义基金仓位平衡时应防守，仓位低则需配置，关注资金面和货币政策。 • 2025 年初专项债发行扰动市场，央行紧平衡操作并引导资金中枢偏高运行， 需关注银行态度及其引导方式，而非简单解读为阶段性扰动。 • 当前资 ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry or specific companies [34]. Core Insights - The economic fundamentals indicate a slowdown in export growth and a need for inflation to be boosted, alongside fragile recovery in real estate demand, highlighting persistent issues with domestic demand [10] - Despite potential fiscal support for a strong start to the first quarter, the policy tone remains cautious, suggesting a prudent approach from decision-makers regarding the strength of economic recovery [10] - Liquidity conditions are marginally easing post-month-end, with some recovery in the deviation of DR007 from policy rates, but government bond supply and seasonal MPA assessments may still disrupt the bond market [10] - The external environment remains uncertain, particularly regarding the timing of potential interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve and the limited downward space for U.S. Treasury yields, compounded by uncertainties in U.S.-China relations [10] - Overall, the bond market is expected to remain volatile in the short term, with limited room for further interest rate increases, and institutions with stable liabilities should consider a barbell strategy for allocation [10] Summary by Sections 1. Central Bank Open Market Operations - During the week of March 10-14, 2025, the central bank had a net withdrawal of 191.7 billion yuan, with reverse repos of 526.2 billion yuan and a total withdrawal of 777.9 billion yuan [15] - The reverse repo balance stood at 526.2 billion yuan, and the MLF balance was 40,940 billion yuan as of the end of the week [15] 2. Government Bond Issuance and Maturity - Government bond issuance decreased week-on-week, totaling 424.07 billion yuan, with maturities of 304.59 billion yuan, resulting in net financing of 245.85 billion yuan [16] - The expected issuance for the following week is 226.17 billion yuan, with maturities of 319.10 billion yuan, leading to net financing of 108.68 billion yuan [16] 3. Interbank Certificate of Deposit Market Overview - The net financing of interbank certificates of deposit increased, with issuance at 835.01 billion yuan and maturities at 771.75 billion yuan, resulting in net financing of 63.26 billion yuan [20] - The weighted issuance rate for interbank certificates of deposit was 2.07%, up by 1.9 basis points from the previous week [22] 4. Changes in Funding Rates - The average rates for DR001 and DR007 increased slightly, with DR001 rising by 0.6 basis points to 1.78% and DR007 by 0.9 basis points to 1.81% [26] - The overall trend in bill rates was downward, with the average rate for 6-month government bonds at 1.36%, down 2 basis points from the previous week [29] 5. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests that institutions with stable liabilities should adopt a barbell strategy for allocation, while trading funds need to be cautious of liquidity disturbances and regulatory scrutiny as the quarter-end approaches [30] - Attention should be paid to potential reserve requirement ratio cuts, as renewed expectations for monetary easing could drive interest rates back into a downward trend if economic data confirms weak recovery [30]

Summary of Key Points Core Viewpoint - The report highlights the current trends in various sectors, including liquidity, infrastructure, real estate, industrial products, and export chains, providing insights into price movements, production rates, and market conditions. Group 1: Liquidity - The London gold spot price increased by 1.83% week-on-week [2] - The BCI small enterprise financing environment index for February 2025 is at 46.65, down 0.86% from the previous month [2] - The M1 and M2 growth rate difference was -6.6 percentage points in January 2025, a decrease of 0.5 percentage points from the previous month [2] Group 2: Infrastructure and Real Estate Chain - In late February, key enterprises' average daily crude steel production reached a new high of 2.259 million tons [3] - Weekly price changes include rebar up by 0.30% and cement price index up by 2.06%, while iron ore decreased by 3.73% [3] - National capacity utilization rates for blast furnaces, cement, asphalt, and all-steel tires increased by 0.96 percentage points, 1.00 percentage points, 0.80 percentage points, and 0.21 percentage points respectively [3] Group 3: Real Estate Completion Chain - The prices of titanium dioxide and flat glass changed by 0.34% and -1.57% respectively, with flat glass profit at -17 yuan/ton and titanium dioxide profit at -1323 yuan/ton [4] - The flat glass operating rate remained stable at 76.38% [4] Group 4: Industrial Products Chain - Major commodity price changes include cold-rolled steel down by 0.12%, copper up by 2.57%, and aluminum up by 1.21% [5] - The national semi-steel tire operating rate is at 82.78%, an increase of 0.27 percentage points [5] - The PMI new orders index for February is at 51.10%, up by 1.9 percentage points [5] Group 5: Subcategories - Iron ore spot price decreased by 3.73%, while prebaked anode prices reached a nearly 10-month high [6] - The price of graphite electrodes is 18,000 yuan/ton, unchanged, with a comprehensive profit of 441.35 yuan/ton, down by 40.71% [6] - The price of electrolytic aluminum is 20,870 yuan/ton, up by 1.21%, with estimated profit at 2,748 yuan/ton (excluding tax), down by 15.43% [6] Group 6: Price Comparison Relationships - The price ratio of rebar to iron ore is 4.20 this week [7] - The price difference between hot-rolled and rebar steel is 120 yuan/ton [7] - The price difference between Shanghai cold-rolled and hot-rolled steel is 640 yuan/ton, an increase of 20 yuan/ton [7] Group 7: Export Chain - The new export orders PMI for China in February 2025 is at 48.60%, an increase of 2.2 percentage points [9] - The CCFI comprehensive index for container shipping rates is 1211.15 points, down by 3.16% [9] - The U.S. crude steel capacity utilization rate is at 73.70%, down by 0.80 percentage points [9] Group 8: Valuation Percentiles - The CSI 300 index increased by 1.39%, with the industrial metals sector performing best at +8.43% [10] - The PB ratio of the ordinary steel sector relative to the CSI 300 is currently at 0.54, with a historical high of 0.82 reached in August 2017 [10]

MACRO: WHAT IS VULNERABLE IN ASIA TO THE FALL IN NVIDIA 宏观：亚洲在英伟达下跌中脆弱的是什么 Last week we looked at the correlations of Asian companies with Bitcoin and showed what seemed to be surprisingly high correlations. We suggested that these correlations were happening as a result of excess liquidity which has been declining since November as a result of the fiscal debt freeze, contraction of global central bank balance sheet, the unwind of the yen carry trade and USD strength caused by tariff concerns. A rise in rea ...

Summary of Conference Call Notes Industry Overview - The discussion primarily revolves around the **Chinese financial market**, focusing on **monetary policy**, **interest rates**, and **economic recovery**. Key Points and Arguments Monetary Policy and Interest Rates - There has been a **decline in long-term interest rates** since December 2024, with recent adjustments indicating a market reaction to anticipated interest rate cuts [2][8] - The **People's Bank of China (PBOC)** conducted a **balance sheet reduction** of **1.6 trillion yuan** in 2024, raising concerns about liquidity tightening, but overall monetary policy remains accommodative with a net liquidity injection of **400 billion yuan** [2] - The **short-term interest rates** have been rising since early 2025, indicating a tightening liquidity environment compared to 2024 [3][4] Economic Indicators and Risks - The **ten-year government bond yield** has shown a significant decline driven by interest rate cut expectations, with a noted **100 basis points** drop in implied future rate cuts [8] - A rapid decline in long-term interest rates poses **financial risks**, including potential instability in safe assets and losses in financial institution margins [9] - The **current economic environment** is characterized by **moderate inflation** and weak demand, with signs of semi-inflation emerging since September 2024 [14] Construction and Fiscal Policy - The **construction industry** is experiencing improved funding conditions, with state-owned enterprises showing moderate growth in orders and revenue [15] - Fiscal policy has been proactive, with **net financing of government bonds** reaching a peak in January 2025, indicating strong government support for economic recovery [16] Consumer Behavior - Consumer spending has shown a mixed performance, with strong growth in entertainment during the Spring Festival but a decline in retail and dining sales compared to the previous year [17] Challenges in Monetary Policy - The balance between **growth stabilization** and **risk prevention** in monetary policy is constrained by high risk premiums, with ineffective transmission to the real economy [18][19] - Traditional monetary policy has limitations in reducing risk premiums, as it primarily affects risk-free rates rather than directly influencing investor risk preferences [20] Future Outlook - There is an expectation that long-term government bond yields will stabilize as liquidity conditions shift from loose to tight, necessitating a careful approach to monetary policy [12] - The potential for more effective methods to reduce high risk premiums includes structural monetary policies and unconventional easing measures, although their effectiveness may be limited in the current Chinese context [21] Additional Important Content - The **relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates** has been affected by various factors, including market demand for safe assets and adjustments in institutional investment strategies [10][11] - The **CPI and PPI** have not yet shown a synchronized recovery, indicating that the overall economic recovery requires further observation and support [17]

Group 1: Liquidity and Market Conditions - The liquidity pressure has eased slightly this week, but it cannot be termed as relaxed, with overnight funding rates decreasing and 7-day funding rates slightly increasing[3] - The average net supply in the banking system from February 24 to February 28 was 1.52 trillion yuan, an increase of 335.7 billion yuan compared to the previous week[4] - The central bank's recent open market operations indicate a supportive stance, with a net injection of 433.1 billion yuan during the week[26] Group 2: Money Market Trends - As of February 28, the average rates for DR001 and DR007 decreased by 9.5 basis points and 8.9 basis points to 1.86% and 2.13%, respectively[4] - The average daily transaction volume for interbank pledged repos was 49,981 billion yuan, an increase of 38.2 billion yuan compared to the previous week[4] - The issuance of interbank certificates of deposit (CDs) from February 24 to February 28 totaled 715.2 billion yuan, with a net financing amount of -382.8 billion yuan, indicating increased issuance but reduced net financing[5] Group 3: Government Debt and Fiscal Policy - The net payment for government bonds next week is projected to be 248.6 billion yuan, a decrease compared to the previous week, which may have a limited impact on liquidity[32] - The upcoming government bond issuance includes 2.63 billion yuan in national bonds and 2.175 billion yuan in local bonds, with a total issuance of 4.805 billion yuan[32] Group 4: Risk Factors - Key risk factors include policy uncertainty, unexpected changes in the economic fundamentals, and geopolitical risks from overseas[7]

昨天央行的MLF虽然没降息，但是资本市场今天用自己的方式在推动降息，今天30年国债期货主力合约继续上涨至108.52，创历史新高。 这意味着什么呢？意味着30年期国债的收益率跌破了2.5%这个重要支撑，随着国债期货的进一步上涨，收益率会越来越低。 可能有的读者看不懂一个涨一个跌的关系，我举个通俗点的例子，就好比房价越涨，租售比就越低，这两年房价大跌，租售比反而变高了。债券价格和债 券到期收益率也是反比的关系。 2.5%是国债收益率的一个重要关口，之前几次上攻都被打了回去，但随着经济数据和房价数据的进一步披露，市场开始达成共识，2.5%应该进一步下 降。 话说这几年在中国的金融产品里，投资结果最好的就是买债券。公募基金里那些做股票的经理一个个苦大仇深，都被基民骂成狗了，而做债券的经理一个 个昂首挺胸，神清气爽，他们既能给公司创收，还能给基民赚钱，职业荣誉感max。 港股这半年来的情况有所改善，主要是一进一出两方面的原因。进是上市公司掀起了大面积的回购，截止到目前已经接近1000亿港币；出是香港现 在ipo融资困难，估值低不说，硬着头皮上也没有韭菜接盘，毕马威刚刚下调了全年ipo融资预期，只有不到600亿港币。 ...