1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the report industry investment rating is provided in the given content. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The bond market has no basis for a significant correction. The short - end of the bond market is difficult to correct significantly due to the marginal loosening of the capital market in the second quarter, the release of fiscal deposits, and the weakening of entity credit. The long - end correction requires a fundamental trend recovery, but the current fundamentals are under pressure. Bank deposit rates may be cut, which will lead to a further decline in broad - spectrum interest rates and benefit treasury bonds through the price - comparison effect. It is recommended to actively allocate 10 - year treasury bonds when the yield is above 1.65% [1][7][30]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Tariff Easing Leads to a Steepening of the Bond Market - On May 12, 2025, the "Joint Statement of the China - US Geneva Economic and Trade Talks" was released. After that, the bond market adjusted, with a steepening trend. The long - end yields of 30Y and 10Y treasury bonds and national development bonds increased significantly, while the short - end adjustment was relatively controllable. The 10Y - 1Y treasury bond term spread returned to the levels of late March and early April this year [4][11]. 3.2 The Short - end of the Bond Market Generally Declines - The capital market has become marginally looser in the second quarter. The central bank's reserve requirement ratio cuts, interest rate cuts, and open - market operations have led to a significant decline in capital prices. The DR007 central level has dropped from around 1.7% to around 1.5%. Short - term bond yields have also declined. There is still a static spread of 15 - 25bp between capital prices and short - end bond varieties, making it difficult for short - term bonds to correct significantly. - The stable capital market expectations make the rolling carry trade strategy highly certain in terms of returns, which may attract broad - based funds such as wealth management products and money market funds to maintain net purchases. From April 5 to May 12, wealth management products, other product types, and money market funds were the main buyers of inter - bank certificates of deposit, with cumulative net purchases of 219.4 billion, 277 billion, and 137.8 billion yuan respectively. Fund companies and rural commercial banks were the main buyers of treasury bonds within 1 year, with cumulative net purchases of 16.2 billion and 49.8 billion yuan respectively. - The release of fiscal deposits and the expected weakness of entity credit will protect the inter - bank liquidity. The high - growth fiscal deposits from February to March are expected to be released in the second quarter, which will increase excess reserves and base money. The consumption of excess reserves by broad - spectrum credit is expected to be limited, as bill prices have remained low since May, government bond net financing has declined since April, and the new special bond issuance plans for May and June are both less than 40 billion yuan. In addition, the concentrated repayment of implicit debts in the form of bank loans in the second quarter may lead to a passive contraction of credit [7][13][17]. 3.3 The Long - end Interest Rate May Still Have Fundamental Support - For the long - end to continue to correct and the yield curve to become steeper, a fundamental trend recovery is required. However, the current fundamentals are under pressure. - Exports are not the main influencing variable. China and the US are highly complementary in economic structure, resource endowment, and market demand. The resilience of exports to the US has always been high. In April, re - export trade promoted export resilience. The monthly year - on - year growth rate of China's exports was 8.1%. Although exports to the US dropped significantly to - 21%, exports to ASEAN, India, Africa, and Latin America maintained high growth rates. - Fundamental changes mainly depend on domestic factors. Since the second quarter, real interest rates have been under pressure due to price factors, which may put pressure on the fundamentals. Using the average of CPI and PPI to measure price levels and the weighted average interest rate of RMB loans of financial institutions to represent nominal interest rates, the real interest rate was relatively high at the end of the first quarter. In April, PPI continued to decline, and real interest rates were still under pressure. The recovery of the current fundamentals requires a significant reduction in real interest rates, and in an environment of price pressure, nominal interest rates need to be cut. - Bank deposit rates may be cut again, leading to a further decline in broad - spectrum interest rates. If the LPR is cut by 10bp, it is estimated that medium - and long - term deposit rates have a downward adjustment space of about 25bp. Considering factors such as tax, capital occupation, and credit risk, the attractiveness of treasury bonds will be more prominent [22][25][30].

[Table_Title] 证券研究报告 / 策略专题报告 再论红利的必要性和终点 市场周观察 05 月第 2 期 报告摘要： [Table_Summary] 红利持续缩圈，TOP4 均为银行。我们梳理目前的红利方向：（1）考虑 业绩波动对于分红的影响，连续多个季度 EPS 保持稳定，或者存在向上 的预期；（2）考虑股价对于股息率的影响，筛选＞2%的方向，相对 10Y 国债收益率仍具有绝对性价比。目前筛选的方向中：TOP4 均为银行的二 级行业，国有大型银行、农商行、城商行、股份制银行；以及消费白马， 厨卫电器、白酒、白色家电；此外，交运物流保持在 3%左右的股息；而 此前明显强势的煤炭已经不在此列。 高实际利率偏好于稳定性资产。（1）传统观点认为红利占优在于无风险 利率的下行，因此拥有类债属性的红利风格凭借更高的股息率走强。但 从历史规律看，2020 年以前，国内无风险利率更多与中证红利/万得全 A 的收益同向变动；但在 2022 年后，红利股走强的逻辑并不能够用无风险 利率波动简单解释，红利风格的定价模式似乎出现变化。（2）如果我们 考虑实际利率对于资产价格的影响，我们引入了无风险利率-PPI 来指代 实 ...

技术面显示，黄金早间剧烈波动符合近期凌晨洗盘特征，但需警惕连续慢涨后出现大幅回落，或为多头动能衰竭信号。若日内无 法有效突破3404分水岭，则短线见顶概率将进一步上升。操作层面，建议投资者避免盲目追高，重点关注美联储决议对实际利率 及美元的影响，若决议偏鸽则黄金或延续反弹，偏鹰则需警惕回调风险。目前上方阻力在3397-3407。下方支撑在3360-3350，操 作上徐老师建议回调做多为主，反弹高空为辅。 国际地缘局势骤然升温，市场避险情绪再度推高黄金价格，但今晚美联储利率决议及鲍威尔讲话将成为多空博弈的关键节点。当 前美元指数维持99.3附近震荡，暂未显现明确方向，市场对决议结果分歧显著。黄金昨日以光头阳线强势突破3437关口，但今日 早盘突发跳水，最低触及3360，跌幅达77点，随后反抽至3404附近，形成短线重要阻力位。 操作策略2：建议反弹3414-3419空，损3426，目标看3380-3350。 面对市场，实际上就是面对自己，改正缺点，直面错误，严格律己，不说谎言，才是成功的根本。本人徐老师解读世界经济体 制，全面剖析海内外交易品种，重点把握第一时间重要财经基本面的解说，引领投资者正确导向，投资是一 ...

一、政策传导机制的即时效应 1. 美联储政策预期的博弈 1. 预期差与 "买预期、卖事实" 风险 1. 短期关注政策落地节奏 1. 实际利率下行驱动配置需求 2. 中国央行于 2025 年 5 月 7 日宣布降准 0.5 个百分点、降息 0.1 个百分点，直接压低名义利率34。 若通胀预期稳定（IMF 预测 2025 年全球通胀率 4.3%8），实际利率（名义利率 - 通胀）将进一步 下降。黄金作为零息资产，持有成本降低的优势凸显。例如，2020 年美联储零利率政策下，国际 金价全年涨幅达 25%1，而当前中国降息周期中，实际利率的边际变化可能推动黄金 ETF 持仓增 加，形成价格支撑。流动性宽松与资金分流 3. 本次降准释放约 1 万亿元长期流动性3，部分资金可能流入大宗商品市场。历史数据显示，宽松周 期中黄金表现强劲，如 2008 年金融危机后金价累计上涨超 300%1。当前市场流动性充裕，叠加 地缘风险（如俄乌冲突持续9、中东局势紧张10），避险资金可能加速流入黄金，形成 "流动性驱 动 + 避险需求" 的共振效应。汇率波动与内外盘价差 4. 降息可能加剧人民币贬值压力。2025 年 5 月 7 日美元 ...

Group 1: Impact Mechanisms on Gold Prices - The decline in real interest rates due to interest rate cuts enhances the attractiveness of gold as a zero-yield asset, typically leading to price increases [1] - The release of long-term liquidity, estimated at 1 trillion yuan, may partially flow into the commodity market, including gold, with historical data showing strong gold performance during periods of monetary easing [2] - A depreciation of the RMB due to interest rate cuts could lead to a passive increase in gold prices denominated in RMB, as seen during the RMB depreciation in 2020 [3] - Easing monetary policy may stimulate economic demand and, combined with supply chain pressures, could elevate inflation, increasing the demand for gold as an inflation hedge [4] Group 2: Historical Case Studies - In 2015, following five interest rate cuts by the People's Bank of China, the price of Au9999 on the Shanghai Gold Exchange rose by 6.3%, while the Shanghai Composite Index fell by 14.3%, indicating a shift of risk-averse funds towards gold [5] - In 2020, amid a global easing trend with the Federal Reserve cutting rates to zero and implementing unlimited quantitative easing, international gold prices surged by 25%, reaching a historical high [6] Group 3: Current Market Specificities - The divergence in monetary policies between the US and China, with the Fed maintaining high rates while China cuts rates, may exacerbate RMB depreciation pressure, potentially widening domestic gold premiums [7] - Geopolitical risks, such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and tensions in the Middle East, are creating a resonance between risk aversion and monetary easing, further supporting gold demand [8] - The recent rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions are favorable for gold, but external policies and geopolitical risks should be monitored [9]

Core Viewpoint - Gold exhibits a unique price fluctuation mechanism influenced by multiple factors, including currency pricing systems, macroeconomic risks, market structure evolution, supply-demand elasticity, and technical reinforcement mechanisms. Group 1: Currency Pricing System Linkage - The international gold price is negatively correlated with the US dollar index, where a 1% increase in the dollar index raises gold purchasing costs, suppressing investment demand [1]. - Major central banks' balance sheet expansions directly elevate gold price benchmarks, with each additional $1 trillion in quantitative easing raising gold valuations by 8%-12% [2]. Group 2: Macroeconomic Risk Matrix - The forward price of gold is determined by the nominal interest rate minus inflation expectations, with gold prices reaching a historical peak of $2075 per ounce when the real yield on US Treasuries fell below -1% [3]. - A 10-point increase in the global geopolitical risk index results in a 3.2% increase in average monthly gold holdings, evidenced by events like the Crimea crisis and the Russia-Ukraine conflict [4]. Group 3: Market Structure Evolution - Emerging market central banks have increased gold purchases for 13 consecutive years, with global official reserves rising by 1136 tons in 2022, accounting for 23% of annual supply [5]. - An increase of 100,000 open contracts in COMEX gold futures raises price volatility by 1.8 basis points, with significant spikes in implied volatility during events like the Silicon Valley Bank incident [6]. Group 4: Supply-Demand Elasticity - The average extraction cost of the top ten gold mines has risen to $1250 per ounce, with newly discovered reserves declining by 15% year-on-year [7]. - India and China account for 55% of global physical gold demand, with a 40% surge in imports during festive seasons, despite India's recent increase in import tax to 15% [8]. Group 5: Technical Reinforcement Mechanisms - Algorithmic trading strategies hold over 30 million ounces of gold, with momentum factors contributing over 35% to price volatility, triggering significant buy orders upon breaking key price levels [9]. - A 50% year-on-year increase in Google searches for "gold investment" correlates with a 68% probability of gold price increases in the following 30 days [10].

今年一季度净息差相比去年第四季度环比下行5bp至1.33%、环比2024年下行10bp，导致净利息收入增速同比下降 2.0%。这直接导致银行一季度业绩承受压力。值得注意的是，这还是在央行未降息的情况下发生的。就是说，如 果央行降息，这个数据下滑更大，银行的净利润增速下滑也更大。 这就是央行降息非常谨慎的原因，去年年末就提出"适时降息降准""择机降息降准"，直到五月份降息降准仍未落 地，谨慎程度可见一斑。 我们分析一季度净息差下行的原因则主要是，去年央行连续降息，今年贷款重定价，债券市场收益率下行，债券 资产重定价，这都导致资产收益率下降。其次，贷款需求偏弱，导致短期贷款和票据占比增速提高，这也导致资 产收益率下降。而从负债角度讲，企业和居民的风险偏好仍然在下降，定期存款增速高于活期存款，负债成本仍 然在上涨。 影响银行利润的还有一个重要因素就是拨备，今年一季度42家A股上市银行不良率整体维持2024年末水平，绝大 部分低于1.5%。六家国有大行中，工商银行、农业银行、建设银行、交通银行不良率分别下降0.01、0.02、0.01、 0.01个百分点至1.33%、1.28%、1.33%、1.30%；中国银行持平于 ...

如果经济前景实现，将继续加息。 日本央行行长植田和男：实际利率明显偏低。 ...

日本央行：日本的实际利率处于极低水平。 如果经济前景实现，日本央行将加息。 ...

日本央行：实际利率处于历史较低水平。 ...