Group 1: Market Sentiment and Economic Data - Goldman Sachs' global equity systematic macro strategy indicates a slight increase in positions, nearing historical median levels, with an expected additional investment of approximately $20 billion in the next month, half of which will flow into the U.S. market [1] - The strong employment report highlights the resilience of hard economic data, with May non-farm payrolls increasing by 139,000 and the unemployment rate remaining at 4.2%. However, a softening of data is anticipated in the coming months [2] - Investor sentiment reflects optimism regarding growth prospects, with cyclical stocks outperforming defensive stocks, suggesting a projected real GDP growth of about 2% in the U.S. [2] Group 2: Economic Growth Expectations - Goldman Sachs' economists predict a real GDP growth rate of approximately 1% over the next four quarters, with concerns from clients about market rebounds and growth pricing risks before data weakens [2] - The correlation between the S&P 500 index returns and soft data is currently higher than that with hard data, indicating that a recovery in soft data could support stock market returns even if hard data weakens [3][6] - The basket of economically sensitive stocks shows slightly lower growth expectations compared to cyclical and defensive stock combinations, with high operating leverage stocks trading at a significant discount to low operating leverage stocks [3] Group 3: Currency and Fiscal Risks - The U.S. dollar index has declined by approximately 6% year-to-date, reversing gains from April 2024, with investors perceiving increased two-way risks surrounding the currency [12] - Goldman Sachs has adjusted its euro/dollar forecasts to 1.17, 1.20, and 1.25 for 3, 6, and 12 months respectively, reflecting concerns over fiscal sustainability amid a large and persistent U.S. fiscal deficit [12] - The relationship between fiscal expansion and the dollar's performance is mixed, with increased net issuance of U.S. Treasury bonds typically benefiting the dollar due to structural foreign demand, although concerns over fiscal sustainability may alter this dynamic [13]

Group 1 - The report defines fiscal sustainability as the long-term stability or decline of the debt-to-GDP ratio, or the future public revenue being sufficient to cover all public expenditures and accumulated debt [1][14]. - As of the end of 2023, China's explicit government debt reached 56.14% of GDP, while implicit debt accounted for 11.34%, leading to a total debt of 67.48% of GDP. Local government financing platform debt constituted 57.24% of GDP [2][16]. - The report emphasizes that maintaining fiscal sustainability does not require a zero deficit, but rather that the deficit should not exceed sustainable thresholds to avoid increasing the debt-to-GDP ratio [2][14]. Group 2 - The report highlights that reasonable uses of debt include infrastructure construction and counter-cyclical adjustments, but long-term reliance on debt for regular expenditures is unsustainable [3][20]. - Key factors for fiscal sustainability include economic growth and inflation, with nominal GDP growth being crucial. The report warns against deflation, which could exacerbate debt burdens [4][15]. - Structural reforms are necessary, including reducing administrative expenditures, optimizing the tax system, and improving social security systems to narrow structural deficits [4][5]. Group 3 - The report suggests that China should learn from international experiences, such as the EU's establishment of debt and deficit warning lines, to assess long-term risks while controlling debt levels [6]. - It emphasizes that China's fiscal issues are fundamentally structural, requiring tax optimization, expenditure restructuring, and market-oriented reforms for sustainable fiscal and economic interaction [6][24]. - The report concludes that while challenges such as high local debt and slowing growth exist, a reasonable policy mix can prevent a debt crisis and lay the foundation for long-term development [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the performance of global asset classes in May, highlighting that global stocks outperformed commodities, the renminbi, and the dollar, while global bonds showed a decline [2]. Group 1: Global Asset Performance - In May, global stocks returned 5.72%, followed by commodities at 1.26%, the renminbi at 1.00%, the dollar at -0.14%, and global bonds at -0.36% [2]. - The "Big and Beautiful Act" in the U.S. may exacerbate long-term debt risks, with projections indicating that the debt-to-GDP ratio could soar to 134%-149% by 2035 if the act is implemented [4][10]. - The probability of a U.S. economic recession is rising, leading to defensive sectors outperforming cyclical sectors, with defensive sectors showing a year-to-date valuation increase of 10.7% compared to cyclical sectors [5][13]. Group 2: Market Dynamics - Emerging markets are outperforming developed markets, driven by a weaker dollar, which reduces the holding costs of emerging market assets and alleviates debt pressures [6][15]. - Global fund managers have increased their allocation to European stocks, reaching the highest level since October 2017, with net overweights rising from 22% to 35% [6][18]. - U.S. trade policy uncertainty is identified as a significant risk for U.S. stocks, with a close correlation observed between the Bloomberg U.S. Trade Policy Uncertainty Index and the S&P 500 Index [6][22]. Group 3: Currency and Bond Market Insights - The implied volatility of the USD/HKD risk reversal options has dropped to historically low levels, indicating a dominant bearish sentiment towards the HKD [7][25]. - The forward P/E ratio premium of the "Seven Giants" in the U.S. stock market has decreased to historical lows, suggesting a reset in the valuation advantage of tech giants [8][28]. - The Japanese yen's traditional safe-haven status has weakened, leading to significant depreciation in May, while other Asian currencies benefited from tariff pauses [8][31]. Group 4: Recent Developments in Currencies - Following the U.S.-China tariff suspension agreement, the onshore renminbi exchange rate broke through the central bank's midpoint, reaching a new high for the year [9][32]. - The New Taiwan Dollar experienced significant appreciation, surpassing the 30 mark against the U.S. dollar, attributed to foreign capital inflows and global risk sentiment rebound [9][37].

Group 1 - The U.S. House of Representatives passed a significant tax and spending bill proposed by the Trump administration with a narrow margin of 215 votes in favor and 214 against, which extends tax cuts for corporations and individuals, provides new tax deductions, increases defense spending, and allocates more funds to combat illegal immigration [1] - The passage of the tax reform has raised concerns about fiscal sustainability in the market, with investors worried about uncertainties related to tariffs and interest rates [3] - The tax reform is expected to increase living costs for ordinary citizens and potentially destroy numerous clean energy investment projects, undermining the green industry that had been supported by federal subsidies [3] Group 2 - The U.S. Vice President delivered a speech highlighting the geopolitical challenges faced by the U.S., acknowledging the decline of American dominance and the rising threats from countries like China and Russia [6] - The current U.S. administration is criticized for not reflecting deeply on the decline of American hegemony and continuing to engage in geopolitical confrontations, particularly targeting China [6] - The speech emphasized the interconnectedness of global economies and the need for cooperation to address global issues, contrasting with the U.S. focus on its own core interests and a retreat from global responsibilities [8]

瑞银：全球 AI 支出增长强劲，需平衡半导体与软件股敞口 三井住友银行：日元强势难现，寿险公司调整海外投资策略 三井住友信托银行策略师指出，日元的实际利率太低，使得其强势表现的可能性减小。由于认为日元重 现历史性强势的可能性降低，日本寿险公司减少了防止日元升值带来损失的措施。日本央行的政策利率 比该国通胀率低3个百分点，导致市场对加息预期降温。这两大因素降低了日本投资者对海外债券的兴 趣，即使考虑外汇保护成本后，日本国债的复合收益率仍高于美国、英国、德国和澳大利亚等国家的同 类债券。日本财务省数据显示，寿险公司在特定期间内持续净抛售外国债券，同时在海外股票投资上也 出现了从买入到卖出的转变；如果美联储如掉期市场预测那样最早于9月开始降息，那么美元对冲成本 将随之下降，可能会促使寿险公司增加对冲需求，并影响外币兑日元汇率。 PIMCO投资组合经理预计，德国拥有更多财政空间，而其他欧洲国家需在预算中补偿国防开支上升。 欧洲整体财政政策在未来几年不太可能大幅扩张，反映出财政约束加剧背景下各国的不同应对能力。德 国10年期国债收益率将在2.5%至3.5%之间波动，假设欧洲央行政策利率维持在2%。德国10年期国债收 益 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Japanese government bond market is experiencing significant turmoil, with recent auctions showing unprecedented low demand and raising concerns about fiscal sustainability and potential buyer strikes [2][3][9]. Auction Results - The Japanese Ministry of Finance auctioned 500 billion yen (approximately 35 million USD) of 40-year bonds, resulting in a highest bid yield of 3.1350%, exceeding market expectations and marking the highest level since issuance began in 2007 [2]. - The auction for 20-year bonds the previous week recorded the lowest bid-to-cover ratio since 2012 at 2.5 times, with the tail spread reaching its highest level since 1987 [2][3]. Market Reactions - Following the poor auction results, yields on various maturities surged, with the 40-year bond yield reaching 3.399%, a 1.32% increase from the previous day [3]. - The futures market also saw significant sell-offs, with the June bond futures contract dropping to 138.86 yen [8]. Investor Sentiment - There is a growing concern among investors regarding the sustainability of Japan's fiscal policies, particularly in light of rising long-term bond yields and the potential for reduced issuance of long-term bonds [7][9]. - The Bank of Japan's recent actions, including a potential reduction in bond purchases, have contributed to a perception of instability in the bond market [13]. Supply and Demand Dynamics - The decline in demand for long-term bonds is attributed to the Bank of Japan's reduced purchasing, leading to a supply-demand imbalance [9]. - Major domestic investors, including life insurance companies and banks, have decreased their holdings in long-term bonds, further exacerbating the demand issue [14]. Global Implications - The turmoil in Japan's bond market may have broader implications, as rising long-term yields are observed in other developed economies, indicating a global trend of increasing fiscal sustainability concerns [16][17]. - Analysts warn that if Japanese interest rates rise significantly, it could lead to forced selling of foreign assets, potentially tightening global liquidity [17].

以下文章来源于妙投APP ，作者丁萍 妙投APP . 虎嗅旗下二级市场投研服务品牌，为您提供精选上市公司价值拆解，热门赛道产业链梳理 出品 | 妙投APP 作者 | 丁萍 头图 | AI生图 近期，美债收益率再次飙升，30年期美债收益率突破5%，10年期美债收益率突破4.6%。这波飙升背 后，可谓"内外夹击"。 首先，是信用评级的"警钟"。5月15日，国际三大评级机构之一的穆迪 （Moody's） 将美国主权信用 评级从Aaa下调至Aa1，理由是联邦债务规模和利息支付比例持续攀升，财政状况令人忧心； 接着是5月22日，由共和党主导的众议院以微弱优势通过了被称为"美丽大法案"的财政议案。名字虽 然动听，但代价不菲——根据国会预算办公室 （CBO） 的测算，这项法案预计将在未来十年新增约 4万亿美元联邦债务，无疑让市场对美国财政可持续性的担忧再度升级。 起因何在？ 5月19日，日本首相石破茂公开表示，日本财政状况"比希腊还糟糕"。数据显示，日本债务/GDP比率 已超250%，远高于希腊债务危机时的180%。 外围进一步催化了市场情绪—— 市场担忧在这场关税谈判中日元可能面临被动升值，也就是日元有 可能会继续加息。 ...

Group 1 - The recent auction of Japanese long-term government bonds was poorly received, indicating deep-rooted issues in the Japanese economy and reflecting global economic challenges under high debt and inflation pressures [1][2] - The bid-to-cover ratio for the newly issued 20-year Japanese government bonds fell to 2.5, the lowest level since 2012, with a significant increase in the tail difference to 1.14, highlighting severe market demand weakness [1] - Japan's largest life insurance company, Nippon Life, reported a substantial paper loss of 3.6 trillion yen (approximately 25 billion USD) in its holdings of Japanese government bonds, doubling from the previous year [1] Group 2 - Japan's public debt has reached 234.9% of GDP, surpassing Greece's peak during the European debt crisis, with interest payments expected to account for about 25% of the annual budget [2] - The core Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Japan rose by 3.5% year-on-year in April, marking 44 consecutive months of increase, driven by rising food prices, which has led to expectations of further interest rate hikes [2] - The global bond market is experiencing heightened risks, with potential liquidity tightening due to large-scale unwinding of yen carry trades and selling pressure on U.S. Treasuries as Japan liquidates its holdings [2] Group 3 - The global bond market faces multiple pressures, including rising inflation, increased government financing needs, and shrinking demand from asset-liability management investors, which may reshape global capital flows [3] - Japan's government has limited options to address the crisis, with potential short-term measures including temporary increases in bond purchases or reinitiating yield curve control, while long-term easing of quantitative measures seems unlikely [3] - The need for Japan to confront complex issues such as debt restructuring, fiscal discipline, and economic growth model transformation is highlighted, indicating potential pain during this process [3] Group 4 - The volatility in the global bond market reflects vulnerabilities in the international financial system, necessitating careful policy balancing among inflation control, debt stability, and economic growth to avoid systemic risks [4]

法国巴黎银行（BNP Paribas）指出，面对美国新一轮贸易关税打击，日本当局在支持这个亚洲第二大 经济体方面所能动用的财政与货币政策手段非常有限。 "日本在财政和货币政策上几乎没有多少回旋余地来支持经济增长，"该行首席经济学家伊莎贝尔·马特 奥斯·伊·拉戈（Isabelle Mateos y Lago）5月21日在东京接受采访时表示。 "不幸的是，日本必须在几乎得不到政策助力的情况下，度过这一高度不确定的时期。" 她指出，虽然由前首相安倍晋三于2015年启动的企业治理改革举措将在一定程度上提振经济，但其效应 还需要时间逐步显现。 央行加息恐将延后 在美国总统特朗普"美国优先"政策推动下，日本汽车及零部件对美出口被征收额外25%的关税，钢铁和 铝产品亦同样被加征25%税率，其他商品则被施加所谓"对等"关税，税率为24%。 根据日本贸易振兴机构的数据，2023年出口占日本国内生产总值的约17%。美国是日本最大的出口市 场，其次是中国，这一趋势在2024年仍在延续。 鉴于关税预计将对以出口为导向的经济造成冲击，日本央行已下调了2025年和2026财年的增长预期，并 强调全球贸易前景存在"极高"的不确定性。 日本 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content 2. Core View of the Report - Last week, precious metal prices showed a volatile and slightly stronger trend. The prices of gold and silver were boosted by Moody's downgrade of the US sovereign credit rating, which weakened the US dollar index and increased global market risk aversion. Meanwhile, the tax reform bill promoted by US President Trump in Congress raised concerns about the expansion of the fiscal deficit. Trump's tariff threat on Friday further boosted precious metal prices [3][6]. - The US - EU trade negotiation is ongoing. Trump initially claimed to impose a 50% tariff on EU goods starting from June 1, but later postponed the deadline to July 9. Japan is considering accepting a US tariff reduction, and India and the US are discussing a "three - stage" trade agreement expected to reach a temporary agreement by early July [3][6]. - Although the US - China trade relationship has recently eased, there is still great uncertainty in the trade negotiations between the US and other economies such as the EU and Japan. The global economic outlook remains unclear, and geopolitical risks occur frequently. Investors tend to seek more stable asset allocations, so the short - term gold price is expected to maintain a volatile and slightly stronger trend [3][8]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Last Week's Trading Data | Contract | Closing Price | Change | Change Rate (%) | Total Volume (Lots) | Total Open Interest (Lots) | Price Unit | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | SHFE Gold | 780.10 | 28.30 | 3.76 | 220512 | 178255 | Yuan/gram | | Shanghai Gold T + D | 775.72 | 21.63 | 2.87 | 48148 | 210456 | Yuan/gram | | COMEX Gold | 3357.70 | 152.40 | 4.75 | - | - | US dollars/ounce | | SHFE Silver | 8263 | 162 | 2.00 | 522479 | 634627 | Yuan/kilogram | | Shanghai Silver T + D | 8244 | 131 | 1.61 | 372524 | 3454112 | Yuan/kilogram | | COMEX Silver | 33.64 | 1.21 | 3.73 | - | - | US dollars/ounce | [4] 3.2 Market Analysis and Outlook - The precious metal prices showed a volatile and slightly stronger trend last week due to Moody's downgrade of the US sovereign credit rating, the tax reform bill, and Trump's tariff threat [3][6]. - The US - EU trade negotiation is in progress. Trump postponed the tariff deadline for the EU to July 9. Japan may accept a US tariff reduction, and India and the US are expected to reach a temporary trade agreement by early July [3][6]. - The tax reform bill led by Trump will increase the federal debt by about $3.8 trillion in the next decade, causing concerns about fiscal sustainability and global bond market fluctuations. The bill will face challenges in the Senate vote [6]. - Fed officials emphasized patience in policy adjustment. The market expects a 90% probability of an ECB interest rate cut next month [6][7]. - Geopolitical risks include the ongoing Russia - Ukraine conflict negotiation and the "Gideon's Sword" operation by the Israeli Defense Forces [7]. - This week, focus on US economic data such as GDP and PCE, and events like the US trade negotiations, the Fed's May meeting minutes, and speeches by Fed officials [8]. 3.3 Important Data Information - In May, the US manufacturing PMI reached a three - month high of 52.3, and the service PMI was 52.3, with new orders growing at the fastest rate in a year. However, manufacturing export orders contracted for the second consecutive month, and the employment index declined [9]. - As of the week ending May 17, the number of initial jobless claims in the US decreased by 2000 to 227,000, a four - week low, indicating a stable employment market [9]. - In May, the eurozone manufacturing PMI improved slightly to 49.2, but the service PMI dropped to 48.9, a 16 - month low, dragging down the composite PMI to 49.5. The money market increased bets on further ECB interest rate cuts this year [9]. - In April, US new home sales reached the highest level since February 2022, with an annualized growth of nearly 11% to 743,000 units [9]. - In April, Japan's core CPI rose 3.5% year - on - year, and the price of rice increased by 98%, which may prompt the Bank of Japan to raise interest rates in October [10]. - In April, China's gold imports reached 127.5 metric tons, a 73% increase, a new high in 11 months [10]. - As of May 20, the total gold holdings of precious metal ETFs were 922.46 tons, an increase of 3.73 tons from last week. The silver holdings of ishare were 14217.50 tons, an increase of 302.60 tons from last week [10]. 3.4 Relevant Data Charts - The content provides multiple charts including SHFE and COMEX precious metal prices, inventory changes, non - commercial net long positions, and the relationship between precious metal prices and other economic indicators such as the US dollar, inflation, and interest rates [14][15][16]