受日元贬值、进口商品价格上涨等因素影响，近年日本物价持续上涨。日本总务省报告显示，截至今年 10月，日本去除生鲜食品后的核心消费价格指数已连续50个月同比上升。日本企业信用调查公司帝国数 据库日前公布的调查结果显示，2025年日本累计有20609种食品价格上涨，较去年的12520种大幅增加约 65%。 高市多次强调，物价对策是其内阁的最优先议题。此次大规模经济刺激计划的措施包括下调汽油和柴油 税、扩大冬季电费及燃气费补贴、提高个人所得税征税门槛等。但事实上，工资涨幅追不上物价涨幅， 实际工资持续下降，日本民众的消费体验最为真切。日本农林水产省11月中旬公布的数据显示，日本全 国超市销售的5公斤装大米平均价格涨至4316日元，又创历史新高。 记者发现，不少日本民众对经济刺激计划并不看好。正在超市大米货柜前犹豫不决的家庭主妇重田 说："补贴政策只能暂时缓解涨价之苦，长期来看，肯定会推动物价进一步上涨。" 市场预计高市内阁将继续无度扩张财政、大肆发债，因此，投资者对日本财政可持续性的质疑声日渐高 涨。近日，日本长期债券普遍遭到抛售，收益率接连突破历史高点。4日，作为长期利率指标的新发10 年期国债收益率一度升至1. ...

努力做大经济和收入"蛋糕"，财政运行的基础才能更坚实、更有可持续性。强化逆周期和跨周期调 节，实施更加积极的宏观政策，持续稳增长、稳就业、稳预期，努力扩大内需、做强国内大循环，促进 经济持续健康发展。经济向好、企业成长，财政收入就会有更多源头活水。从财税体制改革看，还需完 善地方税、直接税体系，规范税收优惠政策，保持合理的宏观税负水平，增加地方自主财力。 善于"过日子"，切好"蛋糕"，把每一分钱花出最大效益。"凡事预则立"，预算管理在增强财政可持 续性中扮演重要角色，要加强财政资源和预算统筹，深化零基预算改革，打破"基数"依赖，根据实际需 要、区分轻重缓急，科学合理安排预算。推进财政科学管理，不断提升财政治理效能。优化财政支出结 构，把资金用在民生保障、科技创新等刀刃上。全面实施预算绩效管理，将绩效管理理念、方法和要求 贯穿预算管理全过程，切实提升资金效益和政策效能。坚持尽力而为、量力而行原则，把保障和改善民 生建立在经济发展和财力可持续的基础之上。 有效防范化解风险，方能行稳致远。当前，防范化解地方政府债务风险的任务依然艰巨，有的地方 债务负担较重。要落实好一揽子化债政策，坚持在发展中化债、在化债中发展，持 ...

全球市场正密切关注日本，一场由财政政策引发的风暴正在酝酿。你是否也感受到，当下的投资环境愈 发充满挑战？ 让我们先将目光聚焦于日本。近期，日本金融市场遭遇罕见的抛售潮，债券和日元同时面临严峻的考 验。这不仅仅是简单的市场波动，更是投资者对日本经济深层风险的集体担忧，足以引发全球投资者的 不安。 这场风暴的导火索，是日本政府史无前例的财政扩张。为了刺激经济，日本官方宣布2025财年将追加高 达21.3万亿日元的财政预算，创下历史新高。然而，这一看似积极的举措，却适得其反，点燃了市场的 恐慌情绪，投资者纷纷抛售日债和日元。 经济数据的疲软，无疑加剧了市场的担忧。数据显示，日本第三季度GDP环比下降0.4%，同比更是大 幅下跌1.8%，为六个季度以来的首次萎缩。这不仅暴露了日本经济的脆弱性，也让人们对财政刺激的 效果产生了质疑。 要知道，日本政府债务占比早已远超国际警戒线。如今，继续依赖借贷来实施大规模财政刺激，无疑让 市场对日本的财政可持续性产生了深深的忧虑。 业内专家一针见血地指出："日本财政政策的强刺激，叠加疲软的经济数据，导致债券市场抛压巨大。 国债利率飙升将大幅增加政府的借款成本，进一步扩大财政赤字。" ...

支持实施提振消费专项行动，促进扩大有效投资，持续增加民生投入……今年以来，我国靠前实施更加积极 的财政政策，打好政策"组合拳"，有力支撑经济回升向好。下一步，将进一步发挥积极财政政策作用，用好 政策空间、保持支出强度，助力"十五五"开好局、起好步。 有力促消费扩投资 各省份地方政府债券发行工作在年末陆续迎来收官。近日，江苏省成功发行2025年第十批政府债券635亿元。 至此，2025年度江苏省政府债券发行工作圆满结束，全年共发行地方政府债券7392亿元。福建省全年累计发 行地方政府债券3344.49亿元，切实发挥对扩投资、稳增长的积极作用。 统计显示，今年前10个月，全国一般公共预算收入18.65万亿元，增长0.8%，累计增幅稳步回升；全国一般公 共预算支出22.58万亿元，同比增长2%，重点领域支出得到有力保障。各级财政持续加快债券资金使用，地 方政府专项债券、超长期特别国债等资金共支出4.54万亿元，向经济发展注入强劲动力。 近期，各地陆续开始发放育儿补贴。按照今年7月发布的国家育儿补贴制度实施方案，自2025年1月1日起，对 3周岁以下婴幼儿按每孩每年3600元的国家基础标准发放育儿补贴，中央财政按比例 ...

Group 1 - The Bank of Japan's Governor Ueda has strongly hinted at an interest rate hike in December, leading to a significant drop in the Nikkei index by nearly 1000 points and a continuation of volatility in the US stock market [1] - The trend of rising long-term interest rates has spread from Japan to the US, Germany, and other countries, affecting various markets including cryptocurrencies, with Bitcoin's price dropping from over $90,000 to approximately $84,000 [1] - The Japanese yen appreciated against the US dollar, moving from the 156 yen range to the 154 yen range, as market expectations shifted due to the anticipated interest rate hike by the Bank of Japan and potential rate cuts by the Federal Reserve [1] Group 2 - Despite Japan's challenges with a weak yen and inflation, the government has been advocating for "active fiscal policy," while the Bank of Japan has maintained low interest rates, raising questions about the consistency between these policies [2] - Prime Minister Kishi's remarks at an international investment conference, referencing a popular anime, aimed to encourage investment in Japan, but could be misinterpreted given the current economic context [2]

证券研究报告 | 2025年11月28日 2026年财政政策展望 ——"开门红"下的积极续力 经济研究 · 宏观专题 0755-81982035 S0980524090003 S0980525110002 证券分析师：田地 证券分析师：王奕群 tiandi2@guosen.com.cn wangyiqun1@guosen.com.cn 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明及其项下所有内容 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明及其项下所有内容 收入端：税收收入逆势回暖 今年财政运行特征：前高后低 图：税收回暖，非税下滑 图：印花税表现较好，四大主要税种都在正增长 资料来源：Wind、国信证券经济研究所整理 资料来源：Wind、国信证券经济研究所整理 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明及其项下所有内容 • 目前财政收入处于回升通道，1-10月增速0.8%，高于预算（0.1%）。 • 税收收入持续回暖，与经济数据有所分化。税收收入的增速今年整体呈现波动回升的趋势，到10月累计同比来到1.7%。 其中个人所得税11.5%，增值税4.0%，消费税2.4%，企业所得税1.9%。 • 非税收入持续下行。一是激励，去年基数较高，主要是缺口较大，地 ...

Group 1 - The conference on November 28, 2025, gathered experts and analysts to explore investment strategies through economic cycles [1] - Morgan Stanley's Chief Economist for China, Xing Ziqiang, highlighted China's significant achievements in technological innovation and its critical role in the new technological revolution [3] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" aims for high-quality and sustainable growth driven by technological innovation and domestic demand [3] Group 2 - Xing emphasized that technological innovation is the core engine of economic development, showcasing China's breakthroughs in sectors like semiconductors, green energy, artificial intelligence, and 6G during the "13th" and "14th Five-Year Plans" [3] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" also focuses on improving people's livelihoods and boosting consumption, with a target to increase the share of household consumption in GDP [4] - The plan includes a proposal to provide monthly subsidies of approximately 1,000 RMB to farmers and migrant workers, aiming to enhance consumption confidence and push household consumption beyond 10 trillion USD by 2030 [4] Group 3 - Xing proposed a "source and save" approach for fiscal sustainability, suggesting the activation of state-owned assets and optimizing fiscal expenditure to better allocate resources towards social welfare [4] - The long-term positive fundamentals of the Chinese economy remain unchanged, with technological self-reliance and domestic demand expansion expected to create new growth momentum [4] - Continuous policy consensus and deepening reforms will provide significant opportunities for global investors in the Chinese financial market [4]

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The records primarily discuss the **gold market** and the **monetary policy** of the **Federal Reserve** in the context of the U.S. economy and global financial conditions [1][21]. Core Insights and Arguments 1. **Federal Reserve's Interest Rate Expectations**: - The market's expectation for a rate cut by the Federal Reserve fluctuated significantly, dropping from a 100% expectation in early October to 29.6% by November 19, before rising again to 80% [5]. - There is notable internal disagreement within the Federal Reserve regarding the timing of rate cuts, with 5 out of 12 voting members supporting a pause, 4 favoring a cut, and 3 being neutral [5]. 2. **Impact of Employment Data**: - Mixed signals from U.S. employment data have created market uncertainty, with private sector data indicating deterioration and a rise in unemployment rates [6]. - The expectation for poor employment data in Q4 adds to market unpredictability [6]. 3. **Long-term Monetary Policy Outlook**: - The market anticipates that by the end of 2026, the Federal Reserve will lower interest rates to between 2.75% and 3%, indicating a sustained likelihood of loose monetary policy [8]. 4. **U.S. Fiscal Situation**: - The U.S. fiscal deficit is projected to be historically high, with expenditures exceeding revenues by 1.34 times, leading to increased pressure for rate cuts to alleviate fiscal burdens [13][14]. - The total U.S. national debt exceeds $38 trillion, constituting 125% of GDP, which raises concerns about fiscal sustainability and supports gold prices [13][14]. 5. **Global Central Bank Policies**: - Central banks worldwide are expected to maintain accommodative monetary policies to address high debt levels, which may enhance the appeal of gold as a safe-haven asset [21]. 6. **Gold Demand Dynamics**: - Gold demand remains robust, with total demand increasing by 44% year-over-year, driven primarily by investment demand from central banks and private investors [22]. - Tether, a major stablecoin issuer, has significantly increased its physical gold holdings, further supporting gold demand [24]. 7. **Geopolitical and Economic Risks**: - The potential for a U.S. government shutdown poses risks to market liquidity and could increase demand for safe-haven assets like gold [15]. - The upcoming 2026 midterm elections may influence U.S. domestic policies and external trade relations, impacting market conditions [18]. Other Important but Potentially Overlooked Content 1. **Inflation Data Uncertainty**: - The reliability of inflation data is compromised due to government shutdowns, complicating the assessment of the Federal Reserve's rate adjustment decisions [7]. 2. **Shadow Chairperson Influence**: - The concept of a "shadow chairperson" could impact market expectations and monetary policy direction, especially if the current chair's term ends before 2026 [12]. 3. **Central Bank Gold Purchases**: - Despite some countries reducing gold holdings, the overall trend among central banks remains one of increasing gold reserves, with 95% of surveyed banks indicating plans to continue purchasing gold [25][26]. 4. **China's Gold Accumulation Strategy**: - China has consistently increased its gold reserves over the past year, reflecting a strategic commitment to gold accumulation despite rising prices [27]. 5. **Silver Market Volatility**: - The silver market exhibits significant volatility, influenced by macroeconomic conditions, with historical patterns suggesting potential price adjustments following substantial increases [30]. This comprehensive summary encapsulates the key points from the conference call records, highlighting the dynamics of the gold market and the implications of U.S. monetary policy.

Core Viewpoint - The Bank of Japan (BOJ) is signaling a potential shift from its long-standing ultra-loose monetary policy, with indications that interest rate hikes could begin as early as December, amidst a backdrop of a weakening yen and rising inflation pressures [1][2]. Group 1: Monetary Policy Changes - The BOJ has adjusted its communication strategy to focus on the inflation risks posed by the weak yen, preparing the market for a possible interest rate hike in December [2]. - A recent survey indicates that just over half of economists expect the BOJ to raise rates at its next meeting on December 18-19, with projections suggesting rates could rise to 0.75% by March next year [2]. - The yield on Japan's 10-year government bonds has surged to 1.821%, reflecting investor re-evaluation of Japan's monetary policy outlook [2]. Group 2: Government Stimulus and Economic Impact - The Japanese government has announced a massive stimulus package totaling 21.3 trillion yen, financed by issuing at least 11.5 trillion yen in new debt, marking the largest fiscal stimulus since the easing of pandemic restrictions [3]. - The government has abandoned its goal of achieving an annual fiscal surplus, raising concerns about the sustainability of Japan's fiscal policy, especially as government debt exceeds twice the GDP [3][4]. Group 3: Policy Dilemma - There exists a "policy deadlock" where the need for low interest rates to support fiscal stimulus conflicts with the increased debt burden that would result from rate hikes [4]. - The lack of normalization in monetary policy amidst high inflation could heighten the risk of inflation detachment, while concerns over fiscal sustainability may elevate risk premiums on long-term Japanese government bonds [5]. Group 4: Economic Growth and Market Sentiment - Japan's economy has already shown negative growth in Q3, a direct impact of U.S. tariffs, particularly affecting the automotive sector [5]. - The Japanese government has revised its economic growth forecast for FY2025 down from 1.2% to 0.7% [5]. - The volatility of the yen is influencing the broader Asian financial markets, with the Korean won showing heightened sensitivity to fluctuations in the yen [5]. Group 5: Potential for Currency Intervention - Japanese officials have reiterated their readiness to respond to excessive market volatility, echoing language used prior to significant interventions in the past [6]. - There is a risk of unexpected government intervention in the currency market, which could be considered a "black swan" event [5][6]. Group 6: Global Monetary Policy Dynamics - A successful rate hike in December could reshape asset pricing in Japan, marking a historic divergence in monetary policy between the U.S. and Japan, as both countries may adopt opposing monetary stances for the first time in decades [7]. - This convergence of policies could redefine the role of the yen within the global monetary system [7].

Core Points - Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi emphasized the government's readiness to monitor exchange rate fluctuations and take necessary actions to ensure fiscal sustainability and defend the economic stimulus plan [1][4] - The market is closely watching whether the Japanese authorities will shift from verbal warnings to actual intervention, especially during the low liquidity period created by the U.S. Thanksgiving holiday [1][4] Group 1: Government Actions and Statements - The Japanese government is prepared to monitor the nature of exchange rate fluctuations, distinguishing between those driven by economic fundamentals and speculative behavior [1] - Takaichi defended the economic stimulus plan, stating it is not "reckless spending" and committed to reducing Japan's debt-to-GDP ratio [1] - The Prime Minister highlighted that ensuring Japan's fiscal sustainability is the most important priority [1] Group 2: Market Conditions and Potential Interventions - The upcoming U.S. Thanksgiving holiday and subsequent low trading volumes create an ideal environment for potential currency intervention by Japanese authorities [4] - Historical data indicates that Japan tends to intervene during such low liquidity periods to achieve significant price impacts with less capital [4] - The key challenge for Japanese authorities is to effectively curb excessive depreciation of the yen without depleting foreign exchange reserves [4]