摘要 2025 年二季度央行货币政策显著转向配合财政政策，资金中枢下移， 但信贷边际变化和央行态度将影响资金宽松持续性，7 月中下旬税期带 来流动性压力，预计三季度信贷增长偏离宏观运行轨道概率不高，货币 政策难完全宽松。 三季度地方政府专项债和国债总供给量预计 1.1-1.2 万亿，八九月份增 至 1.4-1.5 万亿，央行或买国债应对流动性问题，政策性金融工具杠杆 效应或收敛，低于 2022 年水平。 2025 年保险资金因寿险保费增速放缓，对纯债需求减少，下半年难有 作为；自营类资产也面临类似情况，需关注品种差异和结构性机会，寻 找适合配置的新增量资金。 当前利率曲线空间节奏需后移，降息预期或在 9 月后形成。信用供给释 放有限，关注科创板块等特定领域，需深入挖掘结构性机会，10 年国债 标尺券空间若不打开，将限制利率曲线发展。 2025 年农商行交易活跃度下降，低利率高波动环境下，投资者更多权 衡不同取向和战略选择，而非频繁交易。 Q&A 今年（2025 年）市场流动性状况如何，央行货币政策对市场有何影响？ 固收 债市或仍在做多窗口 20250707 今年（2025 年），市场流动性状况总体上呈现易松难 ...

[Table_Title] 7 月债市，紧跟"破风手" [Table_Title2] 利率月报 [Table_Summary] ►六月债市，利空渐除，利多酝酿 6 月债市收益率在震荡中下行，大行加力配置短债成为重要主 线。国债3年及以内收益率大幅下行，为"卷到极致"的债市重新打开上 涨空间。此外，随着关税博弈、存单到期、监管是否呵护跨季等潜在 偏空变量被逐一消解，市场开始对增量货币政策心怀期待，长久期利 率债与各期限信用债均受不同程度带动。 ►资金面呈季节性宽松特征 从月度中枢视角来看，7 月资金利率往往处于全年的"洼地"。主 要原因有两个，一是 7 月作为季初月，信贷投放通常不及预期，银行 金市往往有增量资金用于投放；二是 7 月作为下半年开端时点，地方 政府的考核压力不算太强，发力意愿偏弱，地方债净供给或走低。 对于今年 7 月资金面，除历史规律之外，关注公开市场中长资金 到期和政府债发行压力。7 月 MLF 累计到期规模为 3000 亿元，3M、 6M 买断式回购分别到期 7000、5000 亿元，合计 1.2 万亿元，央行的 续作态度同样会对资金面变化起到重要影响。此外，7 月政府债净发 行规模介于1 ...

中东局势推高油价，引发通胀担忧，导致美欧债市承压。 周一，美国2年期国债收益率一度涨2个基点至3.96%。美国10年期国债收益率一度涨3个基点至4.43%，表现逊于德债。 利率市场方面，交易员已下调对美联储年内降息幅度的预期，从上周五的49个基点降至46个基点。 历史重演：中东冲突的美债魔咒 分析显示，自周五以色列与伊朗紧张局势演变为直接冲突以来，基准美债收益率已上涨9个基点。这一涨幅并非偶然——2024年 4月伊朗直接打击以色列，以及去年10月两国关系再度紧张时，也曾迅速推高美债收益率，并在随后一个月内维持在高位。 UBP（瑞联银行）驻香港的经济学家Carlos Casanova指出，目前市场波动很大，投资者一边寻找避险资产，另一方面却推高原 油价格，这将推动10年期美债收益率进一步上行。 虽然原油在周一盘中涨幅有所回落，但投资者仍担心高油价将使通胀持续偏高，从而限制债市反弹空间。 Jefferies的欧洲首席策略师Mohit Kumar表示，短期来看，避险情绪会抑制利率大幅上行，但油价和通胀预期上升又会阻碍利率 显著回落。因此他仍建议"减持美债、增配德债"。 整体来看，尽管美债收益率全面上涨，但短期国债的 ...

华西证券指出，资金趋稳的背后，是央行在两个层面的呵护：一是通过释放积极的中长期资金信号，稳 定资金利率中枢。6月起，央行月内的三段式呵护从隐性转为显性，消除信息差，更为有效地引导资金 预期。二是及时平抑资金的非理性波动，如在6月12日，由于临近税期，流动性惯例防御性收敛，次日 央行便将OMO单日投放规模提升至2025亿元，净投放675亿元，也反映出央行呵护资金的态度较为坚 定。从当前的状况来看，央行的态度已然转暖，我们可能正处于曲线由平走陡的拐点上。 5年地债ETF(159972)主要投资中长期地方债，适合进行久期管理和波段配置，提供相对较高的收益潜 力，并且信用风险较低。 以上内容与数据，与有连云立场无关，不构成投资建议。据此操作，风险自担。 截至2025年6月16日 14:20，5年地债ETF(159972)上涨2bp，最新价报116.05元。 流动性方面，5年地债ETF盘中换手49.96%，成交20.46亿元，市场交投活跃。拉长时间看，截至6月13 日，5年地债ETF近1周日均成交16.61亿元。规模方面，5年地债ETF最新规模达40.99亿元。 随着季末月进程过半，市场对月内资金稳定性的担忧初步缓解， ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - Since May, the bond market has been in a volatile pattern. Despite the implementation of reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts, concerns about bank liabilities have increased, and the Sino-US trade agreement has also put some pressure on long-term bonds. However, the central bank's intention to stabilize funds is clear, and the expectation of restarting bond purchases is rising. In June, the interest rate curve is expected to steepen downward [2]. - Although there are still fluctuations in funds after the reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts, the process of funds rates returning to policy rates continues. In early June, funds have loosened as expected. The central bank's disclosure of the scale and time of outright repurchase is conducive to reducing unnecessary market fluctuations and releasing a signal of stabilizing the funds market. The market believes that the 1 trillion outright reverse repurchase on June 6 also aims to supplement the medium - and long - term liquidity of banks. Whether this is the case depends on whether the central bank conducts another tender within the month. Even without such operations, the bank's liability pressure is expected to ease in June [2]. - Although DR007 was still above 1.5% last week, the overnight rate has dropped to the range of 1.4% - 1.5%. The widening spread between the two may be related to the increase in bank lending. The overnight rate is expected to drop to around 1.4% in June. The inflection point of the certificate of deposit (CD) rate may have appeared and is expected to continue to decline. - The central bank's disclosure of the liquidity injection situation of various tools in May has limited help in judging the subsequent funds situation. The decline in the central bank's claims on the government from January to April may be due to the maturity of short - term bonds without renewal or the closing of short - term bond short - selling positions. Although the central bank's bond - buying cannot be used as a baseline expectation, it is difficult to disprove in the short term, and the decline in short - term interest rates may not be over [2][3]. - Recent high - frequency data shows that the economy has not improved significantly. The sales area of new and second - hand houses has declined, and the prices of black commodities remain weak. The export growth rate in May dropped to 4.8%. Considering the potential increase in domestic fundamental pressure after the peak season, the overall environment for the bond market is still favorable. The short - end decline will also create space for the long - end. In the short term, the curve may continue the bull - steepening trend. It is recommended to maintain a combination of 3 - year policy financial bonds and 10 - year interest - rate bonds and appropriately increase the leverage to hold 3 - 5 - year credit bonds [3]. Summary by Directory I. The central bank sends a signal to stabilize the market. The overnight rate is expected to remain low, and the inflection point of the CD rate may have appeared - Since March, the process of funds rates returning to policy rates has continued. In early June, funds loosened as expected. The central bank's disclosure of the scale and time of outright repurchase can reduce unnecessary market fluctuations and release a signal of stabilizing the funds market [7]. - The 1 trillion outright reverse repurchase on June 6 supplements the medium - term liquidity of banks and is considered beneficial to alleviating the bank's liability pressure. However, considering that 1.2 trillion of outright reverse repurchases will mature in June, whether the central bank has the intention to further supplement liquidity depends on whether it conducts another tender within the month. Even without such operations, the bank's liability pressure is expected to ease in June due to weak credit demand and a marginal decline in government bond supply [10]. - In the first week of June, DR007 remained above 1.5%, while the overnight rate dropped to the range of 1.4% - 1.5%. The central bank seems to pay more attention to controlling the overnight rate, and the overnight rate is expected to drop to around 1.4% in June. With the overnight rate remaining low, the demand for CDs from non - bank institutions has been significantly released, and the CD rate is expected to continue to approach 1.6% [12][15][17]. II. The central bank's bond - buying cannot be used as a baseline expectation, but it is difficult to disprove and still benefits the medium - and short - term bonds - The central bank's disclosure of the "Liquidity Injection and Withdrawal of Central Bank Tools in May 2025" is considered an attempt to increase policy transparency. However, since June 2024, the deviation between the central bank's claims on other depository corporations and high - frequency operations has increased significantly, and the relatively small changes in structural tools in May are difficult to explain this deviation. The relationship between excess reserves and bank lending has also weakened, so the disclosure of monthly information on central bank tools has limited help in judging the subsequent funds situation [21][24]. - The disclosure of the scale of outright bond purchases and sales in the open market may not include maturity and roll - over. The decline in the central bank's claims on the government from January to April may be due to the maturity of short - term bonds without renewal or the closing of short - term bond short - selling positions. Which reason is more likely needs to be observed from whether the relevant accounts continue to decline in May [26][28]. - Although the increase in the net purchase of treasury bonds with a maturity of less than 3 years by large - scale banks last week has led to an increase in the expectation of the central bank restarting bond purchases, it may also be the banks' own operations. The central bank's bond - buying in June cannot be used as a baseline expectation, but this expectation is difficult to disprove in the short term and is still beneficial to medium - and short - term bonds [30]. III. High - frequency data remains weak, and the curve is expected to continue to steepen in June - In May, the manufacturing PMI increased from 49% to 49.5%, slightly stronger than the seasonal pattern, which may be boosted by export - rush factors. However, overall, the recovery speed of production activities is still higher than that of demand, and the new export orders and new order indexes are still below the boom - bust line. The situation of enterprises reducing inventory through price cuts has not changed significantly [32]. - Domestic high - frequency data shows that the economy has not improved significantly. The marginal improvement in new - house sales in May was mainly concentrated in first - tier cities, and the data has weakened recently. The second - hand housing market has also cooled down. Indicators such as the apparent demand for rebar and the cement shipping rate are still at low levels in recent years. Although the Shanghai Export Container Freight Index has risen significantly since late May, the increase in port container volume is not significant. Considering the potential increase in domestic fundamental pressure after the peak season, the overall environment for the bond market is still favorable. The short - end decline will create space for the long - end, and the curve is expected to continue to steepen in June. It is recommended to maintain a combination of 3 - year policy financial bonds and 10 - year interest - rate bonds and appropriately increase the leverage to hold 3 - 5 - year credit bonds [35][48].

为啥银行喜欢利率曲线变陡？ 最近美债长端收益率飙升，虽然吓坏了投资者，但对银行来说，可能反而是好消息。 因为利率曲线变陡，可以帮银行回血。 利率曲线变陡，简单说就是长期利率涨得比短期快，比如10年期美债收益率远高于2年期，这叫利差拉 大。最近2年和10年期美债之间的利差达到自2022年以来的最大值。 这对银行非常重要，因为银行的盈利模式就是短借长贷。 他们的资金来源是短期的，比如利率很低的储户的存款，而这些存款的收益大多与短期利率挂钩。然 后，银行把钱借给别人是长期的，比如房贷、车贷、企业贷款，这些利率高。或者银行会投资长期资 产，例如抵押贷款债券或长期美债。 如果银行急需现金去兑付储户提款，只能亏本卖债，就会出现2023年硅谷银行那种崩盘风险，当时硅谷 银行持有大量低利率的长期债券，结果美联储疯狂加息，导致债券价值暴跌，一旦储户集中取款，只能 低价割肉卖债，引发亏损和流动性枯竭，最后撑不住直接倒闭。 过去几年，美债利率曲线一直很平甚至倒挂（短期利率比长期还高），银行赚不到钱。 现在如果曲线重新正常化，净息差有望回升，银行压力减轻，经营环境好转。哪怕短期经济因为贸易 战、通胀、财政赤字加剧不确定性，但只要曲线 ...

美中关税缓解后，美银维持2025年利率预测不变: 关税削减后，美国实际平均关税从20%以上下降至12%通胀与滞涨风,险下降，核心PCE预期由年末3.5% 下调至3%。美银因此认为无需调整当前利率预测，维持2025年底2年期国债利率3.75%、10年期4.5%、 30年期4.9%。 利率曲线策略建议调整为"远端趋平": 由于短期降息可能性降低,美银推荐"2025年12月vs2026年12月"利率互换曲线趋平交易(从-34bps目标 至-70bps)。原因包括:(1)2025年降息压力下降;(2)2026年通胀将进一步下降;(3)新1日联储领导可能策略分 化。 维持中段久期(5Y)轻微偏多配置: 尽管市场此前高估了经济衰退风险、低估硬数据支撑，美银仍主张在更稳健的利率位置逐步增持久期， 预计10Y美债利率稳定在4.5-4.75%区间。 利差方面: 短期中性，长期看空30年期利差:由于财政赤字和美债供应压力,美银维持30年期利差"做空"建议。短端 (2-5Y)利差维持中性略偏多，因短期融资环境稳定。 通胀交易方面偏中性: 关闭1年期通胀空头，保留2y3y通胀多头头寸，预期中期通胀仍具上行潜力，尤其相对欧元区更为明 ...

英国央行首席经济学家皮尔：不应将最新的货币政策报告预测视为对市场利率曲线的直接认可。 ...

[Table_IndNameRptType]2 固定收益 固收周报 曲线能否陡后再平？ ——利率周记（5 月第 2 周） 报告日期： 2025-05-12 [Table_Author] 首席分析师：颜子琦 执业证书号：S0010522030002 电话：13127532070 邮箱：yanzq@hazq.com [Table_Author] 研究助理：洪子彦 执业证书号：S0010123060036 电话：15851599909 邮箱：hongziyan@hazq.com 主要观点： ⚫[Table_Summary] 下周降准实际落地，短端能否进一步下行？ 在上周双降政策公布后，利率曲线陡峭化，短端下行近 5bp，长端横盘。在降 准 0.5 个百分点、降息 10bp 的情况下，短端的 5bp 下行实际不算多，而值得 注意的是央行资金利率 DR007 则出现大幅下行，此前其运行中枢在 1.70%- 1.80%附近，5 月 9 日降至 1.54%。那么，在下周降准实际落地后，短债是否 能够开启补降？ 首先从历史上看，在 2021 年以来降准实际落地后，短端利率下行、震荡、上 行的次数分别为 3 次、2 次与 3 ...

证券研究报告 | 固定收益点评 gszqdatemark 2025 05 11 年 月 日 固定收益点评 整体来看，4 月通胀数据反映内需仍然较弱，观察一揽子政策落地效果。 4 月 CPI 同比降幅企稳，环比有所上涨，PPI 降幅扩大，反映整体通胀 仍较弱。4 月份受国际因素影响叠加国内季节性因素，工业品价格走弱 明显。中美贸易谈判在 4 月未有显著进展，贸易形势不确定性仍在。5 月 7 日国新办发布会推出包括降准降息在内的一揽子货币政策措施， 以稳定内需、应对经济环境不确定性，观察一揽子政策的落地效果。 弱物价，需继续宽松 CPI 同比降幅不变、环比由降转涨，核心 CPI 涨幅不变，PPI 同比降幅 扩大。4 月 CPI 同比下降 0.1%，与上月持平，连续三个月负增长，其 中翘尾和新涨价分别影响-0.3%和 0.2%；环比上涨 0.1%，较上月增 速增加 0.5 个百分点，由降转涨。核心 CPI 同比增长 0.5%，与上月持 平，环比增长 0.2%，较上月扩大 0.2%。PPI 同比和环比分别下降 2.7% 和 0.4%，同比降幅均较上约扩大 0.2 个百分点，其中翘尾和新涨价的 影响分别为-1.59%和 ...