证券研究报告 | 金融工程 2025 年 10 月 19 日 利率价量择时信号整体仍偏多 ——利率市场趋势定量跟踪 20251017 利率市场结构变化 - 10 年期国债到期收益率录得 1.82%，相对上周下降 2.14BP。当前 利率水平、期限和凸性结构读数分别为 1.64%、0.38%、-0.09%， 从均值回归视角看，目前处于水平结构点位偏低、期限结构点位 偏低、凸性结构点位接近历史低位的状态。 利率价量周期择时信号：5 年期看多、10 年期中性、30 年期看多 美债价量周期择时信号：偏多 - 基于 5 年国债 YTM 测算的利率多周期择时信号为：长周期向下突 破、中周期无信号、短周期向下突破。综合来看，当前合计下行突 破 2 票、上行突破 0 票，最终信号的综合评分结果为看多。 - 基于 10 年国债 YTM 测算的利率多周期择时信号为：长周期无信 号、中周期无信号、短周期向下突破。综合来看，当前合计下行突 破 1 票、上行突破 0 票，最终信号的综合评分结果为中性震荡。 - 基于 30 年国债 YTM 测算的利率多周期择时信号为：长周期无信 号、中周期向下突破、短周期向下突破。综合来看，当前合计下行 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core Viewpoints - The funding situation has entered a comfortable state again in mid - early October, with limited disturbances and many supporting factors, and it is expected to remain stable next week [1][21] - Historically, funding disturbances in October are mainly concentrated in the second half, but important meetings have limited direct impact on the funding situation. This year, the funding situation is expected to maintain a seasonal stable state [20][21] 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Next Week's Funding Still Expected to Be Stable - In mid - early October, the funding situation entered a comfortable state, with factors like holiday cash withdrawal funds flowing back, fiscal expenditures in place, and significant net long - term liquidity injection from the central bank [1][11] - Historically, funding disturbances in October are mainly in the second half due to tax payments and cross - month pressures. Important meetings in October in recent years have limited impact on the funding situation [17][20] - This year, the funding situation is expected to be seasonally stable. Next week's disturbances are limited, mainly government bond issuances on Monday and Friday, and relatively high certificate of deposit maturities on Tuesday and Friday. The central bank's precise control is expected to keep the funding situation loose [21] 3.2 Open Market: Next Week's Maturity Scale to Decline - From 10/13 - 10/17, the open - market net injection was - 6979 billion yuan. From 10/20 - 10/24, the open - market maturity is 7891 billion yuan [3][27] 3.3 Government Bonds: To Issue Over 800 Billion Yuan Next Week - From 10/13 - 10/17, government bonds were issued worth 3083 billion yuan. From 10/20 - 10/24, the planned issuance is 8802 billion yuan, with net treasury bond payment of 21.6 billion yuan and net local bond payment of 136.7 billion yuan [4][36] 3.4 Excess Reserve Tracking and Forecast - It is predicted that the excess reserve ratio in October 2025 will be about 1.43%, a month - on - month decrease of about 0.42 pct and a year - on - year decrease of 0.33 pct [40] 3.5 Money Market: Large Banks' Lending Willingness Continues to Recover - Most funding interest rates declined. As of 10/17, compared with 10/10, DR001 rose 0.21 BP, DR007 fell 1.44 BP, R001 rose 3.83 BP, and R007 fell 1.65 BP [5] - The average net lending of the banking system's funds was 4.07 trillion yuan, with state - owned large banks' average net lending at 4.38 trillion yuan, and the overnight lending ratio at 97% [5] 3.6 Interbank Certificates of Deposit 3.6.1 Primary Market: Issuance Scale to Increase - From 10/13 - 10/17, the total issuance of interbank certificates of deposit was 727.6 billion yuan, with a net financing of 23.4 billion yuan, an increase compared to 10/9 - 10/11 [6] - Next week (10/20 - 10/26), the maturity scale of interbank certificates of deposit is 603 billion yuan, an increase of 109.4 billion yuan compared to this week [76] 3.6.2 Secondary Market: Yields to Rise Slightly - Yields of certificates of deposit of all maturities rose. Yields of 1M, 3M, 6M, 9M, and 1Y AAA - rated certificates of deposit changed by 3, 3, 2, 1, 0 BP respectively [90]

智通财经APP获悉，美国国债价格有望连续第三个季度上涨，原因是美国政府关门可能会抑制经济增 长，进一步增强了投资者购买美国国债的意愿。 Bloomberg数据显示，周二美国国债收益率普遍下降，截至目前，美国国债在本季度已实现1.5%的回报 率。2025年前三个季度，美国国债的回报率超过5%，有望创下2020年以来的最佳表现。 据报道，美国联邦政府资金将在当地时间9月30日午夜耗尽，如果两党届时不能就相关拨款法案达成一 致，部分政府机构将面临"停摆"。停摆将扰乱美国政府运作，推迟关键经济数据的发布，并可能拖累经 济增长。在以往几次美国政府关门发生之前，美国长期国债价格上涨。 美国国债有望连续第三个季度上涨 利率互换交易暗示，美联储10月份再次降息25个基点的可能性约为80%，12月份也可能再次降息25个基 点。 美国10年期国债收益率周二下跌1个基点，至4.13%，前一交易日收盘下跌4个基点。2年期国债收益率 为3.60%，接近过去一年来的最低水平。 Brean Capital 固定收益策略主管Scott Buchta表示，本周的走势反映出"对优质资产的少量资金转移行 为"。 他表示："由于长期停摆可能导致经济 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints - The bond market's vitality index significantly declined, and the bond market is facing the test of trading - disk selling pressure again. The selling pressure from funds was released again in the second half of the week, while large - scale banks increased their net buying of long - end interest - rate bonds, and their sustainability and stabilizing effect need further observation. - Most interest and credit bond funds have recorded negative returns in the past three months, the growth rate of bond fund scale in September is still lower than that of equity funds, and the issuance share of newly established bond funds has declined this week [5][95]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Overall Sentiment - The bond market vitality index dropped significantly. As of September 26, it decreased by 17 pcts to 0% compared with September 19, and the 5D - MA decreased by 5 pcts to 16%. There were no warming indicators, and the cooling indicators included the implied tax rate of the 10 - year CDB bond, the trading volume of the active 10Y CDB bond / the balance of 9 - 10Y CDB bonds, the excess level of the inter - bank bond market leverage ratio compared with the average of the past 4 years, the median duration of medium - and long - term pure bond funds, and the turnover rate of the 30Y treasury bond [1][10][12]. 3.2 Institutional Behavior 3.2.1 Buying and Selling Strength and Bond Selection - The net buying strength ranking in the current bond market this week is: money market funds > large - scale banks > insurance > wealth management > other product types > others; the net selling strength ranking is: city commercial banks > rural financial institutions > securities firms > funds > joint - stock banks > foreign - funded banks. For ultra - long bonds, the net buying strength ranking is: insurance > securities firms > wealth management > other product types > others, and the net selling strength ranking is: large - scale banks > funds > city commercial banks > joint - stock banks > rural commercial banks > foreign - funded banks [19]. - The main bond types of various institutions are: large - scale banks focus on 1 - 3Y and 7 - 10Y interest - rate bonds; rural commercial banks focus on 3 - 5Y credit bonds; insurance focuses on interest - rate bonds and other bonds over 10Y; funds focus on interest - rate bonds within 1Y; wealth management focuses on interest - rate bonds within 1Y and 3 - 5Y credit bonds; other product types focus on 7 - 10Y interest - rate bonds [2][22]. 3.2.2 Trading Disk - The median duration of all - sample medium - and long - term pure bond funds decreased by 0.01 years compared with September 19. Among them, the median durations of pure interest - rate bond funds, interest - rate bond funds, and credit bond funds changed by - 0.02 years, - 0.07 years, and + 0.03 years to 5.15 years, 4.81 years, and 3.74 years respectively. The median durations of high - performing interest - rate bond funds and credit bond funds changed by - 0.07 years and + 0.10 years to 6.39 years and 4.35 years respectively [3][39]. 3.2.3 Allocation Disk - **Primary Market**: The primary subscription demand for treasury bonds and policy - financial bonds decreased this week, and the subscription demand for ultra - long bonds was differentiated. The weighted average full - market multiples of treasury bonds and policy - financial bonds decreased from 3.39 times and 3.00 times in the previous week to 2.85 times and 2.80 times respectively. For treasury bonds and policy - financial bonds over 10Y, the weighted average full - market multiples decreased from 3.63 times to 3.33 times and increased from 3.34 times to 3.40 times respectively [53]. - **Secondary Market** - **Large - scale Banks**: The increasing supply of ultra - long bonds may restrict their secondary - market承接 capacity. Since June, large - scale banks have increased their net buying of treasury bonds within 1Y, but the cumulative net buying scale this year is still far lower than that of the same period in 2024. The net buying of 1 - 3Y treasury bonds increased from May to July and declined since August. As of September 26, the cumulative net buying scale of 1 - 3Y treasury bonds this year was 7271 billion yuan [58][60]. - **Rural Commercial Banks**: Their cumulative net buying scale of current bonds this year is significantly weaker than in previous years, mainly due to the weak net buying of short - term bonds within 1Y. However, the net buying of 7 - 10Y and over 10Y current bonds is significantly higher than in previous years [74]. - **Insurance**: The net buying strength of current bonds by insurance this year is significantly higher than in previous years, mainly due to the strong buying of ultra - long bonds over 10Y. As of September 19, the ratio of insurance's cumulative net buying of current bonds to the cumulative issuance scale of government bonds over 10Y was 30.04%, higher than 29.18% at the end of September last year [80]. - **Wealth Management**: Since June, the cumulative net buying scale of current bonds by wealth management has continued to rise. This week, the duration of net - bought current bonds in the secondary market reached the highest point since February 23, 2024. As of September 26, the weighted average duration of cumulative net - bought current bonds was 1.78 years, an increase of 0.03 years compared with September 19 [90][92]. 3.3 Asset Management Product Tracking - Since September, the growth rate of bond fund scale is still lower than that of equity funds. The scale of bond funds and equity funds increased by 1418 billion yuan and 2019 billion yuan respectively in September, compared with 732 billion yuan and 4855 billion yuan in August. - The issuance share of newly established bond - type funds declined this week. The scale of newly established bond funds this week was 106 billion yuan, down from 486 billion yuan in the previous week. - This week, the net value of various types of bond funds dropped significantly, with credit bond funds experiencing larger declines. Most interest and credit bond funds recorded negative returns in the past three months [95].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core View of the Report - The bond market is expected to gradually return to the fundamentals and asset shortage situation through incremental restoration in a volatile manner. The 10-year Treasury bond above 1.8% still has allocation value, and the long-term bond yield is expected to return to around the level before this round of adjustment by the end of the year, with the 10-year Treasury bond likely to recover to around 1.6% - 1.65% [6][21]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Bond Market Performance This Week - The bond market rose first and then fell this week, remaining volatile overall. The yields of 10-year and 30-year Treasury bonds increased by 1.1bps and 2.1bps respectively to 1.80% and 2.10%. The yields of certificates of deposit and credit bonds remained stable or declined slightly, with the 1-year AAA certificate of deposit yield rising slightly by 0.5bps to 1.68%, and the yields of 3-year and 5-year AAA - secondary capital bonds falling by 2.6bps and 1.5bps respectively to 2.00% and 2.13% [1][9]. 3.2 Deviation of the Bond Market from Fundamentals and Capital - **Deviation from fundamentals**: The bond market trend is inconsistent with the fundamentals. The terminal demand calculated by export, infrastructure, and real estate investment decreased from 5.2% in April to 0.5% in August, and the year-on-year growth rate of industrial added value decreased from 6.8% in June to 5.2% in August. The manufacturing PMI has been below 49.5%, indicating relatively low economic prosperity, which is inconsistent with the overall upward trend of long-term bond yields in the past two months [2][10]. - **Deviation from capital**: The long-term bond also deviates significantly from the capital trend. The 20-day moving average of R007 has been declining since late February, from around 2.2% to around 1.5% currently, while the long-term bond yield has been rising in the past two months, and the spread between the two has reached over 30bps, a relatively high level in the past two years [2][10]. 3.3 Historical Situation of Interest Rate Deviation - Historically, it is rare for interest rates to deviate from both capital and fundamentals simultaneously. Previously, interest rate adjustments were usually accompanied by improvements in fundamentals or tightening of capital, and most of the time, changes in fundamentals and capital preceded interest rate adjustments. For example, in March 2016, the manufacturing PMI rose above the boom - bust line, and the interest rate recovery occurred in the fourth quarter of 2016 [3][13]. 3.4 Logic of Interest Rate Change - It is more logical for changes in capital or fundamentals to lead long - term interest rates. Interest rate is the financing cost. For the real economy, interest rates can only achieve a trend recovery when demand continues to rise. If the fundamentals are still weak and financing demand is insufficient, a premature rise in interest rates will suppress the fundamentals [4][18]. 3.5 Special Situation of Current Deviation - The current simultaneous deviation of long - term bonds from fundamentals and capital has its particularity. Part of the reason for the relative weakness of long - term bonds is the over - rise from the end of last year to the beginning of this year, and part of the triggering factor is the increase in risk appetite brought about by the rise of the stock market. However, from multiple perspectives such as the downward speed of broad - spectrum interest rates, interest rate cut expectations, curve slope, and the interpretability of fundamentals, the previous over - rise may have been digested, and subsequent interest rates are expected to return to the fundamentals and asset shortage situation [4][18]. 3.6 Situation in the Fourth Quarter - **Increasing possibility of asset shortage**: Asset supply is expected to further decline. If the net financing of government bonds in September is 1.3 trillion, the net financing of government bonds in the first nine months of this year is 11.6 trillion. According to the budget, the net financing in the fourth quarter is about 2.2 trillion. Even if 1 trillion of refinancing bonds for next year are advanced to this year, the net financing of government bonds in the fourth quarter will still be about 0.7 trillion less than last year. At the same time, the issuance of refinancing bonds may further increase the replacement of assets such as credit, and overall asset supply will further decline. However, fiscal deposits will continue to decrease year - on - year, and the central bank's bond trading will also increase capital supply, so the asset shortage may intensify [5][19]. - **Increasing possibility of fundamental pressure**: From the perspective of industrial product prices, the production material price index of the Ministry of Commerce has been falling since early August, and the PPI month - on - month in September may turn negative again, indicating that the fundamental pressure may increase [5][19]. 3.7 Bond Market Outlook and Investment Suggestions - **Bond market outlook**: The decline in the real return rate determines that the downward trend of broad - spectrum interest rates such as loan interest rates has not changed. The over - rise of interest rates at the beginning of the year has gradually been digested. Therefore, the current interest rate adjustment space is limited, and the bond market will gradually return to the fundamentals and asset shortage situation, but this return may be achieved through incremental restoration in a volatile manner [6][21]. - **Investment suggestions**: A dumbbell - shaped operation is recommended, that is, short - term credit/certificates of deposit + long - term interest rates. High - selling and low - buying band operations can be carried out on long - term interest rate positions [6][21].

Industry and Company Insights - Real Estate Industry Commentary: The National Bureau of Statistics reported that the real estate sector continued its downward trend in August 2025, with expectations for more substantial policy measures in September [1] - Metal Industry Mid-Year Summary: The non-ferrous sector saw a net profit increase of 38%, highlighting the ongoing value of resource stocks [1] - Machinery Industry Weekly Report: The 28th edition of the manufacturing growth report noted that Oracle's RPO has increased to $455 billion, while Tesla is finalizing the design for Optimus V3 [1] - Electronics Industry Monthly Report: The power companies are experiencing a recovery in performance, with clear growth trends in the automotive and data center sectors [1] - Hanbell Precise Machinery (002158.SZ) Financial Report Commentary: The company is creating a new growth curve through its AIDC compressors and semiconductor vacuum pumps [1] - Zhongshen Power (001696.SZ) Financial Report Commentary: The company reported a 73% year-on-year increase in net profit for the second quarter, actively positioning itself in the low-altitude economy [1] - China Molybdenum Co., Ltd. (300470.SZ) Financial Report Commentary: As a leading manufacturer of mechanical seals, the company is expanding its international business to enhance growth opportunities [1]

Group 1 - The article outlines a comprehensive research framework training program titled "洞察价值，共创未来" (Insight Value, Co-create Future) scheduled for August 18-19 and August 25-26, 2025, focusing on various sectors including macroeconomics, consumption, finance, cycles, medicine, technology, and manufacturing [18][19]. - The training sessions will cover a wide range of topics, with specific time slots allocated for each area of research, such as food and beverage, internet applications, and renewable energy [14][15][16]. - The event will take place at the Guotai Junan Financial Bund Plaza in Shanghai, emphasizing the importance of in-depth analysis across all sectors [18]. Group 2 - The training program is designed to enhance the research capabilities of analysts and is led by various chief analysts specializing in different fields, ensuring a comprehensive approach to industry analysis [8][10]. - Participants will have the opportunity to engage with experts in macroeconomic research, strategy, fixed income, and various sector-specific studies, fostering a collaborative learning environment [14][15][16]. - The program aims to equip analysts with the necessary tools and insights to navigate the complexities of the financial markets and identify potential investment opportunities [18].

Core Viewpoint - The article outlines the schedule and topics for the 2025 research framework training organized by Guotai Junan Securities, emphasizing a comprehensive approach across various sectors and inviting participation from interested parties [19]. Group 1: Event Schedule - The training sessions are scheduled for August 18-19 and August 25-26, covering a range of topics from macroeconomic research to sector-specific studies [14][19]. - The first two days focus on total, consumption, and financial sectors, while the latter two days will delve into cyclical, pharmaceutical, technology, and manufacturing sectors [19]. Group 2: Research Topics - The training will include sessions on food and beverage research, retail and service research, textile and apparel research, internet applications, home appliances, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery research [15]. - Additional topics will cover macroeconomic research, strategy research, overseas strategy research, fixed income research, fund evaluation, financial engineering, small and medium-sized enterprises, and new stock research [15][16]. - The second week will feature non-metallic building materials, non-ferrous metals, public utilities, biological medicine, cultural communication, electronics, and various engineering and manufacturing studies [16][17].

Group 1 - The upcoming tariff deadline on August 1 could lead to increased tariffs on major trading partners, including Europe, Canada, and Mexico, which together account for nearly half of U.S. goods imports [1][2] - The potential impact of a 5% tariff increase on these partners could result in a negative shock to U.S. GDP that is twice as severe as previous measures against smaller economies [2] - The effects of tariffs are not limited to the macroeconomic level; different sectors in the U.S. stock market will experience varying impacts, necessitating continued attention to U.S. trade policy in investment strategies [2][5] Group 2 - The most likely economic scenario is "slowing growth with persistent inflation," with a probability of 40%, driven by the negative impacts of trade and immigration restrictions [4] - A second scenario of optimistic acceleration exists, with a 20% probability, contingent on easing trade and immigration policies or fiscal measures stimulating economic activity [4] - The third scenario, "economic slowdown triggered by trade," also holds a 40% probability, where further tariff increases could lead to a mild recession [4] Group 3 - In the fixed income market, an economic slowdown due to tariffs may lead to rising U.S. Treasury prices as the market anticipates a more dovish Federal Reserve [5] - The U.S. stock market faces a complex situation; while slowing growth may not disrupt the upward trend of the S&P index, different sectors will react differently to trade policies [5] - Industrial and capital goods companies may benefit from domestic investment despite rising costs, while consumer goods and retail sectors face greater pressure due to increased import costs and limited pricing power [5]

Core Insights - The report highlights the strong performance of Celestica, which raised its annual revenue guidance to $11.55 billion, up from the previous $10.85 billion, driven by robust demand from major clients [12][13] - The AI PCB industry is experiencing a significant expansion due to high demand for advanced AI servers, leading to increased capital expenditures and a tight supply chain for PCB equipment [16][17] - The antibiotic sector, particularly for the company Federated Pharmaceuticals, is stable with a growing market for diabetes and animal health products, projecting net profits of 2.839 billion, 2.452 billion, and 2.705 billion for 2025-2027 [29][30] Total Research - As of July 29, 2025, the 10-year government bond yield is at 1.75%, up 11 basis points from the June low of 1.64% [3] - Historical patterns indicate that bond yields can reverse in either a V-shape or W-shape, with the latter often leading to a more significant upward movement [4][5] - The report anticipates that the 10-year government bond yield could rise to a target range of 1.9% to 2.2% in the second half of 2025, driven by economic recovery and inflation normalization [10] Industry Analysis - The communication sector is seeing increased demand for light modules and liquid cooling solutions, as indicated by Celestica's performance [12] - The PCB industry is entering a phase of intensive expansion, with several manufacturers announcing new projects to meet the rising demand for high-end products [17][18] - AI's impact on PCB performance is pushing for upgrades in materials and manufacturing processes, with a focus on higher layer counts and advanced techniques [19][20] Company-Specific Insights - Celestica's second-quarter revenue reached $2.89 billion, a 21% year-over-year increase, with a notable 82% growth in its hardware platform solutions segment [12] - The company is benefiting from strong demand from its top clients, which account for a significant portion of its revenue [12] - The report emphasizes the potential for significant growth in the PCB equipment market due to ongoing expansions and technological upgrades [16][18]